WorksheetsAP Biology Unit 1 - Chemistry of Life Review
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 17mins
Why does organic chemistry focus on the study of carbon containing compounds?
Carbon is the most abundant element on Earth
Carbon is the easiest element to study
Carbon is backbone of the 4 categories of biomolecules and is found in all living things.
Carbon makes up the largest percentage of living organisms mass
Which elements are found in carbohydrates?
C, H, O
C, H, O, N
C, H, O, P
C, H, O, N, P
Which elements are found in lipids?
C, H, O
C, H, O, N
C, H, O, P
C, H, O, N., P
Which elements are found in proteins?
C, H, O
C, H, O, N
C, H, O, P
C, H, O, N, P
Which elements are found in nucleic acids?
C, H, O
C, H, O, N
C, H, O, P
C, H, O, N, P
What are the structural difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, RNA contains ribose sugar
All of the above
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Glycosidic bond
Ester bond
Peptide bond
Phosphodiester bond
What type of bonds link monomers in biological polymers?
Ionic bonds
Metallic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bonds
In a DNA molecule, what type of bond binds adenine and thymine together?
Peptide bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bonds
Disulfide bridges
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
They store genetic information.
Movement and catalyzing chemical reactions
They are the main source of cellular energy.
Insulation and energy storage
How do monomers combine into polymers?
A molecule of water is added to the monomers forming a new hydrogen bond
A molecule of water is removed between the two monomers, and a covalent bond is formed
They form hydrogen bonds between their polar functional groups.
One monomer takes electrons from the other and they form an ionic bond
How do organisms breakdown polymers into monomers?
By digesting them with powerful enzymes
Through the process of reverse osmosis
By removing water from the polymer, which makes the chain dry and brittle
By adding a molecule of water between the monomers separating them
What did the Miller-Urey experiment discover?
That life on Earth started from simple cells
The organisms pass their genetics down to the next generation of organisms in predictable patterns
That DNA was a double helix molecule
That amino acids can form from non-biological chemical reactions
Why do different polysaccharides have different orientations of monomers?
The structural orientations are unimportant for polysaccharides
The differing structural orientations give the different compounds unique properties and functions
Each cell has a unique orientation for polysaccharides like a finger print
Organisms evolved from different sources that built carbohydrates differently
What nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?
A, T, G, U
A, T, G, C
A, U, C, T
A, U, G, C
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids?
Saturated lipids contain the maximum number of carbon-hydrogen single bonds
Saturated lipids are solids at room temperature
Unsaturated lipids contain double bonds
Unsaturated lipids are easier for our bodies to breakdown
All of the above
What is the strongest type of bond found in a protein?
Peptide bond
Disulfide bridge
Van der Waals interactions
Hydrogen bond
What are the DNA base pairing rules?
A - C ; T - U
A - T ; G - C
A - G ; T - C
A - U; G - C
How do heterotrophic organisms obtain the carbon needed to build necessary biomolecules?
Through the food that they eat
By taking their daily vitamins
From the water they drink
The lungs convert oxygen into carbon dioxide
How will altering a protein's primary structure affect its final structure?
An altered primary structure changes every level of structure above it, most likely rendering the protein non-functional
Primary structure does not influence the structure of the protein
The secondary structure will be altered as will but the other levels will remain the same
How do plants obtain the nitrogen needed to produce proteins?
From the sun
From the atmosphere
From the water they absorb
From nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil
How do plants obtain the carbon needed to produce proteins?
From the sun
From the water they absorb
From the atmosphere
From the soil
Why is molecular shape crucial in biology?
The shapes will change based on a cell's needs
Organisms like to look pretty
Structure determines function
The larger the molecule the more biological significance it has
What biomolecules contain nitrogen?
Proteins and Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates and Lipids
Nucleic acids and Carbohydrates
Lipids and Proteins
What is the cause of surface tension in water?
The high density of water
Hydrogen bonds form between the positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the negative oxygen of another
Covalent bonds form between the water molecules
Water's high specific heat
What is cohesion?
Water's ability to form 4 covalent bonds
Water's ability to absorb a large amount of energy
Water's tendency to "stick" to other water molecules
Water's tendency to "stick" to other compounds and surfaces
Where will hydrophobic amino acids orient themselves during protein folding?
At the top of the protein
On the sides of the protein
In the interior of the protein
On the surface of the protein
Where will hydrophilic amino acids orient themselves during protein folding?
They will be found throughout the proteins structure
On the surface of the protein
On the bottom of the protein
In the interior of the protein
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The interaction of multiple polypeptide chains
Folding caused by environmental interactions with the R-groups of the amino acids
The sequence of amino acids
Hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons of the amino acids
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
Folding caused by environmental interactions with the R-groups of amino acids
Hydrogen bonds forming between carbon skeletons, creating alpha helixes and beta pleats
Combining of multiple polypeptide chains to form 1 protein
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
Folding caused by hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons
Multiple polypeptides combining to form one protein
Folding caused by environmental interactions with the amino acid R-groups
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
When multiple polypeptide chains combine to form one protein
Hydrogen bonds forming between the carbon skeletons of amino acids
Environmental interactions with the R-groups of amino acids
What is the biological significance of water's polarity?
The polarity prevents water from being contaminated with lipids
The polarity allows water to form 4 covalent bonds with its open valence electrons
Being polar allows water to form hydrogen bonds, which give rise to the emergent properties
Water is not polar under most conditions
What structures of an amino acid join to form peptide bonds?
The R-groups of the amino acids bond together
The carboxyl group of one amino acid, with the R group of the next
The carboxyl group of one amino acid, and the amine group of the next
The amine groups join together
