Use models to explain the effect of a push or pull on the motion of an object, with or without contact.

Carry out investigations to compare the effects of a given force on the motion of an object.

Summarize changes that occur to the observable properties of materials when different degrees of heat are applied to them, such as melting ice or ice cream, boiling water or an egg, or freezing water.

Recognize the major components and patterns observed in the earth/moon/sun system.

Recognize that the earth is part of a system called the solar system that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons and the earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system.

Recognize that changes in the length and direction of an object’s shadow indicate the apparent changing position of the Sun during the day although the patterns of the stars in the sky, to include the Sun, stay the same.

Understand how plants survive in their environments.

Remember the function of the following structures as it relates to the survival of plants in their environments: • Roots – absorb nutrients • Stems – provide support • Leaves – synthesize food • Flowers – attract pollinators and produce seeds for reproduction

Explain how environmental conditions determine how well plants survive and grow.

Summarize the distinct stages of the life cycle of seed plants.

Explain how the basic properties (texture and capacity to hold water) and components (sand, clay and humus) of soil determine the ability of soil to support the growth and survival of many plants.

What students should be taught in that content area over the course of the school year

What students will be able to do at the end of a lesson because of the instruction