Font size
WorksheetsPhysiology 1 : Chương 6 : Sinh lý giác quan
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins
Which of the following statements regarding sensory systems is correct?
All sensory information that reaches the brain can be experienced as a conscious sensation
Sensory information that leads to conscious awareness of the stimulus is called transduction
The term “sensory unit” refers to a group of receptors that receive a particular stimulus and the afferent neuron associated with those receptors.
The term “adequate stimulus” means that a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.
Some sensory receptors are modifications of the peripheral endings of efferent neurons
What is TRUE about receptor potentials?
They are action potentials.
They always trigger action potentials.
They vary in magnitude with stimulus strength.
They propagate without decrement.
They generally occur at the axon hillock of afferent neurons
A sensory unit is defined as:
All of the sensory receptors in a given area of the body that respond to the same stimulus.
A single receptor ending and its afferent nerve fiber.
A single afferent neuron and all its receptor endings
An afferent neuron and its postsynaptic interneurons
A reflex composed of an afferent neuron, an interneuron, and an efferent neuron
What is the best definition of the “receptive field” of an afferent neuron?
The number of interneurons with which the central process of the afferent neuron makes synaptic contact via divergence.
The type of stimulus energy to which the afferent neuron is most sensitive.
All of the interneuron cell bodies and dendrites onto which the afferent neuron synapses
The area of the cerebral cortex in which information from that afferent neuron is initially received.
The area of the body that, when stimulated, leads to activity in that particular afferent neuron
Which best describes the process of “adaptation” in sensory receptors?
Information from sensory receptors reaches the cerebral cortex and the person becomes aware of it.
Conversion of the energy of a stimulus into a pattern of electrical activity
Persistence of the sensation of a limb even after it has been served from the body.
A decrease in receptor sensitivity despite continuation of a stimulus
A depolarization of receptive membrane that increase in magnitude as the stimulus intensity increases.
Which is TRUE regarding the ascending pathways in the sensory system?
Specific pathways for auditory stimuli project primarily to the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Specific pathways for all sensory information synapse in the somatosensory cortex
Specific pathways for olfaction synapse in the limbic system
Specific pathways for visual stimuli project primarily to the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Specific pathways for pain project primarily to the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Polymodal neurons are:
Afferent neurons
Interneurons that receive synaptic input from different kinds of sensory units
Part of specific ascending sensory pathways.
Interneurons that receive synaptic input from only one type of sensory unit
Efferent neurons.
Which is an accurate description of the cortical association areas?
They are all found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
They integrate multiple types of sensory information and are responsible for complex processing of sensory information.
They are the cortical locations where primary sensory information first arrives from specific ascending pathways.
They are found deep in the cerebrum, surrounding the thalamus.
Their main input is sensory information arriving along neurons that project directly from the thalamus
Which of the following is most important for the determination of stimulus type?
The relative sensitivity of different receptors to different stimulus energies.
The presence of polymodal neurons in the sensory pathway.
The intensity of a stimulus.
The location on the body where a stimulus is applied.
Propagation of a signal along a nonspecific ascending pathway
Which of these is one reason you can distinguish between a needle prick on the foot and an ice cube on the wrist?
The ice cube stimulates a different class of receptors than the needle prick, even though both signals go to exactly the same location in the brain
The action potentials from the needle prick are inherently different from the impulse generated by the ice cube
The region of the brain to which one receptor pathway leads is different from the region to which the other pathway leads.
The needle prick generates a stronger action potential in any one neuron than an ice cube does.
The needle prick generates a higher frequency of action potentials than the ice cube does.
Which of the following statements regarding the precision of locating a somatic stimulus is FALSE?
The precision is greater in areas of the body that have small, overlapping receptive fields than in areas with large, nonoverlapping receptive fields
The precision is greater in the lips and fingers than on the back
The precision is greater for the skin than for the internal organs
Lateral inhibition of parallel afferent pathways increases the precision of locating a stimulus
Convergence of afferent neurons onto common ascending pathways increases acuity
Which best describes lateral inhibition in the somatic sensory system?
The frequency of action potentials along pathways from the site of a stimulus is increased by lateral inhibition
The precision of locating a stimulus is increased by inhibiting signaling along nearby, parallel pathways
The precision of locating a stimulus is enhanced by increasing the frequency of action potentials in nearby, parallel pathways.
Stimuli of one particular modality in a region of the body block transmission of action potentials coding for other modalities generated in the same region of the body.
Lateral inhibition reduces the contrast between the frequency of action potentials generated at the center of a stimulus and the frequency of action potentials in surrounding pathways.
Which of the following statements regarding sensory pathways is correct?
All somatic sensory information that reaches the cerebral cortex is first processed in the thalamus
Somatic sensory information from the left side of the body projects to the left side of the somatosensory cortex
All somatic sensory information travels together in a single tract in the spinal cord.
Ascending pathways in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord carry information about fine touch discrimination.
Ascending pathways in the dorsal column of the spinal cord carry information about pain from the back muscles.
Which of the following statements regarding the determination of stimulus intensity is true?
Stronger intensity stimuli cause rapid adaptation, while weaker stimuli cause slower adaptation.
The amplitude of action potentials increases with increasing stimulus intensity.
The duration of receptor potentials decreases with increasing stimulus intensity.
The frequency of action potentials increases with increasing stimulus intensity
The only means of detecting intensity changes is through recruitment of greater numbers of sensory
units
A stimulus to which afferent neurons X, Y, and Z are sensitive is applied in the middle of Y’s receptive field. The same stimulus simultaneously activates receptors on the periphery of the receptive fields of X and Z. Which of the following is likely to be true?
The receptor potential in neuron X and Z will be more depolarized than in neuron Y
It won’t be possible to discriminate which neuron’s receptive field was stimulated at its center
The frequency of action potentials in the afferent pathway from neuron Y will be increased by excitatory interneurons projecting from the afferent pathways from neurons X and Z.
The frequency of action potentials in neuron Y will be graeter than that in neurons X and Z.
The receptor potentials in all three neurons will achieve the same, average value
Which of the following would NOT be categorized as a “somatic” sensation?
Pressure
Cold and warmth
Sound.
Proprioception
Kinesthesia.
Which of the following statements regarding pain pathways is FALSE?
Substance P is an important neurotransmitter in specific pain pathways
Transmission of information in pain pathways may be inhibited by activation of neurons that synthesize opiate neurotransmitters
Synaptic activity in afferent neurons associated with pain receptors can be inhibited by axon – axon synapses with neurons from descending pathways
Afferent neurons that detect painful stimuli in the skin can coverge onto common ascending pathways with neurons that detect painful stimuli in internal organs.
Substance P is released by neurons descending from the brain, and it inhibits activation of ascending pain pathways
Which of the following symptoms would a patient with a lesion (injury) that destroyed the right side of the spinal cord in the region of the neck be most likely to experience?
Loss of both pressure sense and pain in the right foot.
Loss of both pressure sense and pain in the left foot.
Loss of pressure sense in the right foot and pain in the left foot.
Loss of pressure sense in the left foot and pain in the right foot.
Accommodation for near vision requires:
Flattening of the lens
Contraction of the ciliary muscles
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Increased rounding of the cornea.
Dilation of the pupil
During normal viewing of a distant object, the:
Firing of parasympathetic nerves to ciliary muscles increases.
Zonular fibers are slackened
Lens flattens.
Light rays striking the eyes are diverged by the cornea
Ciliary muscles are contracted
A person whose lens focuses light from distant objects in front of (rather than on), the retina has a condition called:
Presbyopia
Hyperopia
Myopia
Cataract.
Glaucoma
Which of the following statements regarding vision is FALSE?
The cornea refracts light rays more strongly than the lens
Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens cannot accommodate adequately for near vision
Myopia is a condition in which the lens focuses light from distant objects behind the retina
Cataract is an increase in opacity (clouding) of the lens
The image of an object that is focused on the retina is upside down relative to the object’s actual position in space.
A person struggling with a stressful exam question might experience difficulty focusing her eyes because:
She suddenly develops presbyopia
Activation of her parasympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Activation of her sympathetic nerves causes sudden contraction of her ciliary muscles
Activation of her parasympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Activation of her sympathetic nerves inhibits contraction of her ciliary muscles.
Which of the following statements with regard to vision is FALSE?
Photoreceptors are neurons
There are two basic types of photoreceptors in the retina, rods, and cones.
There are normally four different photopigments in the retina
There are four different chromophore molecules in the retina
There are four different opsins in the retina.
Which of the following statements about rods and cones in the retina is true?
Cones enable us to see in dim light; rods provide color vision
Rods and cones all have the same kind of opsin
Cones are found in highest density in the fovea; rods are more prevalent near the edges of the retina.
Rods require brighter light to activate them than do cones.
Rods provide higher visual acuity than do cones
Which of these occurs when light strikes photoreceptors?
The chromophore retinal undergoes a change of shape.
There is an increase in neurotransmitter release from photoreceptor cells.
The photoreceptor cell membrane becomes depolarized
The concentration of cyclic GMP inside cells increases
The photoreceptor cells are stimulated and fire action potentials
The plasma membranes of rod and cone are:
At their resting potential in the dark and depolarized in the light
At their resting potential in the dark and hyperpolarized in the light.
Depolarized in the dark and hyperpolarized in the light
Hyperpolarized in the dark and at their resting potential in the light.
Hyperpolarized in the dark and depolarized in the light.
Each of the following statements regarding vision is true. Which statement best explains why we cannot see colors in dim light?
The human eye has three kinds of cone photoreceptors
There are six types of opponent color cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus
The human eye has only one kind of rod photoreceptor
All photoreceptors contain the same chromophore.
Cone photoreceptors are concentrated in the fovea
In ________________ cells, infolding of external plasma membrane and proteins found there allow us to detect different colors of light.
Bipolar
Rod.
Ganglion
Cone
Pigment epithelial.
Vitamin A plays a critical role in night vision because:
It is required for the synthesis of the retina portion of rhodopsin.
It is transformed into the opsins found in cone cells.
It acts as the coenzyme required to degrade scotopsin in brightly lit circumstances.
It catalyzes the mitotic generation of light – reflecting epithelial cells which support widely dispersed rod receptors
It deactivates the photopigment – transducing chemical pathways within cone cells
Which of these is most responsible for “light adaptation” – the process by which we only gradually become able to see objects in a brightly lit place after being in the dark?
Cone receptors are very hyperpolarized in the dark, and they must be exposed to bright light for awhile before they will depolarize
Rhodopsin is quickly inactivated so rods become unresponsive, and the higher – acuity cones then become the main detectors of vision.
Because rods are more sensitive to light than cones, they gradually become extremely activated in bright light.
Cones and rods are stimulated equally, leading to difficulties in interpreting the sensory inputs to the brain
Rhodopsin is not activated by colored light, and the lack of stimulation causes rods to gradually depolarize when we are exposed to bright light.
In the visual pathway providing sensory action potentials to the brain, the first cells which are capable of initiating action potentials are:
Cone cells
Rod cells
Lateral geniculate cells.
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells.
Which of the following statements related to the “ON pathway” of the visual system is correct?
Bipolar cells fire action potentials only when bright light strikes the photoreceptors linked to them.
Bipolar cells spontaneously depolarize in the absence of input from photoreceptor cells.
Bipolar cells hyperpolarize in the absence of input from photoreceptor cells
Glutamate receptors on bipolar cells are excitatory.
Only cones are associated with bipolar cells of the ON pathway, rods are not
Which of the following statements regarding hearing is TRUE?
The pitch of sounds is conveyed by the intensity of the vibration of the oval window.
Low – pitched tones selectively cause vibration of the basilar membrane at a point closer to the oval window than high – pitched tones do
Sound is amplified as it is conducted from the oval window to the tympanic membrane
Conduction deafness is a result of damage to the hair cells of the inner ear
The loudness of a sound is conveyed by the frequency of action potentials generated in the cochlear nerve.
The incus, malleus, and stapes of the middle ear:
Serve to keep the pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane equal
Are part of the vestibular apparatus
Are in direct contact with both the tympanic membrane and the round window.
Serve to amplify the pressure of sound vibrations from the air in the outer ear to the fluid in the inner ear.
Are found inside the cochlear duct.
The actual receptors for hearing are called:
Baroreceptors
Nociceptors
Hair cells
Pacinian corpuscles
Somatic receptors.
The receptors for hearing are found on the:
Tympanic membrane
Basilar membrane
Stapes
Oval window
Scala vestibuli
Distinguishing the pitch of sounds is possible because:
Different frequencies of sounds make the eardum vibrate with different amplitudes
Different frequencies of sounds stimulate different regions of the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct
Different frequencies of sounds cause different kinds of action potentials in neurons in the auditory nerve
Different frequencies of sounds cause different frequencies of action potentials in neurons in the auditory nerve
There are many different types of receptors for sound, each of which responds to a single frequency
As the pitch of a sound gets higher, displacements of the basilar membrane:
Occur closer to the oval window
Occur closer to the helicotrema
Occur uniformly throughout the membrane.
Become greater in amplitude
Become smaller in amplitude.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles?
Maintaining the proper amount of “stretch” or tension in the membranes of the middle and inner ear associated with proper auditory acuity
Protection of the delicate inner ear from sudden intermittent loud sounds
Reflexive contraction when vocalizing to reduce the loudness of your own voice.
Optimization of the state of the inner ear for hearing over certain frequency ranges.
Which of the following statements regarding the vestibular system is TRUE ?
Hair cells in the cochlea are involved in the detection of movement and position of the head.
The utricle and saccule are mainly responsible for detecting angular rotation of the head
The vestibular apparatus is principally involved in our ability to detect and interpret sound
Deflection of the basilar membrane by fluid moving within the semicircular canals allow us to detect rotational movement of the head.
Receptors in the utricle and saccule detect changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity.
Shaking your head “no” mainly activates hair cells in the:
Cochlea
Utricle.
Semicircular canals.
Olfactory mucosa.
Tectorial membrane.
Which of the following are classified as “mechanoreceptors”?
Cone cells in the eye
Taste buds on the tongue
Hair cells in the olfactory mucosa
Hair cells in the cochlea
Where are receptors for the chemical senses located?
In the organ of Corti and saccule
In the cochlea and lateral geniculate nucleus.
In the skin and tendons
In the tongue and nose
In the fovea and semicircular canals
Which is TRUE about olfactory receptors?
They can discriminate only four primary chemicals – sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
When stimulated, their signaling pathway sends action potentials directly to the limbic system
They are unable to detect odorants without activation of taste buds.
Only four different types of odorant receptor proteins are found in the plasma membrane of olfactory receptors
They are found in the floor of the nasal cavity and on the upper surface of the hard palate, which separates the mouth from the nose
Which is TRUE about information from the vestibular system?
It is conveyed in the form of action potentials in the optic nerve
It is conveyed to nerves that control eye movements
It does not reach the level of conscious perception
It is primarily conveyed to the cortex of the occipital lobe of the brain.
It is interpreted as sound in the temporal lobes of the brain
Which of the following correctly pairs a chemical with its associated taste modality?
Poisonous alkaloids, sour
Acids, bitter
Sugars, salty
Glutamate, umami
Lipids, sweet.
The phenomenon known as referred pain:
A perception of a false painful stimulus with no initiating stimulus; it is created in the mind
A direct association of an activity, which is on the verge of causing tissue damage to its specific location and cause in the body
The projected perception of pain as a sensation being experienced at a site other than that of the actual injured or diseased tissue
Involves a descending pathway that blocks the release of substance P in the spinal cord.
Synonymous with the persistence of perceptions of painful stimuli long after the activity responsible for triggering them has ceased
What category of receptors do Pacinian corpuscles belong to?
Mechanoreceptors.
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Proprioceptors.
What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Cone cells belong to what category of sensory receptors?
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Proprioceptors
In what category of sensory receptors are the receptor cells in taste buds?
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors.
Photoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Of which categories of receptor types are nociceptors?
Mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors
Chemoreceptors and proprioceptors
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors and photoreceptors
Hair cells in semicircular canals are:
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors.
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Audioreceptors.
A "sensation" is any sensory information that reaches the brain.
(a)
Perceptions are derived from higher-order processing of sensory information.
(a)
The transmission of information in a sensory system is analogous to the transmission of sound in a
telephone system except that, unlike the telephone system, the sensory system does not retranslate the
electrical signaling code back to the specific energy of the stimulus.
(a)
The process by which sensory receptors change various forms of energy into electrical energy is called
translation.
(a)
The greater the magnitude of the receptor potential generated by a stimulus, the greater the amplitude
of the action potentials the receptor potential induces.
(a)
The rate of change of a stimulus may be important in determining receptor response.
(a)
"Somatosensory" refers to the part of the cerebral cortex that receives synaptic input from specific
ascending pathways originating only with receptors for touch.
(a)
Highly processed sensory information is invested with emotional significance by neurons in the association cortex of the temporal lobes.
(a)
Information about the location of a given stimulus on or in the body is conveyed by the same mechanisms that convey information about stimulus intensity.
(a)
The density of receptors in a receptive field is usually greatest in the periphery of the field.
(a)
In the somatosensory cortex, neuronal representation of body parts is proportional to the size of the body part.
(a)
The precision of locating a somatosensory stimulus is greater in areas of the body that have small, overlapping receptive fields than in areas with large, nonoverlapping fields.
(a)
The afferent pathways for pain differ from those for other somatic sensations in that they are highly
influenced by with repeated exposure, and are significantly modulated by descending neuronal
pathways.
(a)
A common neurotransmitter for afferent neurons carrying information about pain is prostaglandin.
(a)
The phenomenon of referred pain may occur because the ascending pathways for pain are not completely specific with respect to localization of the pain receptor.
(a)
In the phenomenon of phantom limb, a person can perceive tingling, touch, pressure, warmth, itch, and other sensations in a body part that has been lost by amputation or accident.
(a)
Presbyopia is correctable using eyeglasses that converge light rays.
(a)
Increased pressure in the eye caused by an accumulation of aqueous humor is called astigmatism.
(a)
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to blindness.
(a)
The optic nerves from each eye cross at the optic chiasm, so all visual information from the right eye is received by the left side of the brain.
(a)
Axons of ganglion cells from the retina synapse in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the way to the occipital lobes.
(a)
The conscious sensation of sight is a result of integration of information that is processed by cortical areas of the occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes of the brain.
(a)
The greatest concentration of cones is in the fovea centralis of the retina.
(a)
The photoreceptor cell (rods and cones) is different from other sensory receptors in that it is the only type that is actually depolarized at rest.
(a)
In both ON and OFF visual pathways, light stimulates the release of glutamate onto bipolar cells.
(a)
The response of a bipolar cell, i.e., whether it acts to bring about an "ON pathway" or an "OFF
pathway" is directly dependent upon the amount of glutamate released within a very brief span of
time.
(a)
One function of saccades is to prevent adaptation of photoreceptors to a visual image.
(a)
A sound with a frequency of 4000 Hz has a lower pitch than a sound with a frequency of 1000 Hz.
(a)
The tympanic membrane separates an air-filled chamber from a fluid-filled chamber.
(a)
The vibration of the tympanic membrane varies in frequency according to the pitch of the sound it receives.
(a)
The function of the tympanic membrane is to amplify sound waves on their way to the inner ear.
(a)
A tone caused by striking one of the lowest notes on a piano keyboard will cause vibration of the basilar membrane at a point closer to the helicotrema than to the oval window.
(a)
Unlike information from the eyes, information from the ears bypasses the thalamus on its way to the cerebral cortex.
(a)
Hair cells in the semicircular canals detect changes in the rate of angular motion of the head, while the same kinds of cells in the utricle and saccule detect changes in the head's rate of linear motion.
(a)
When you turn your head to the left to look over your left shoulder, the hairs in the cupula of the horizontal semicircular canals will be bent to the left.
(a)
Olfactory receptors are neurons.
(a)
Opponent color ganglion cells that respond to blue light by increasing their rate of firing will respond to yellow light by decreasing their rate of firing.
(a)
Your friend is poking your skin with two pins a few millimeters apart at the same time. Visually, you can see there are two pins, but you can only feel a single pen poke. This is probably because:
Both pens are activating the same receptor
Both afferent neurons converge on the same interneuron
The receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron
Both sensations are grouped together in the somatosensory cortex
Certain smells can trigger shifts in emotional state (for example, the smell of a familiar place or a loved one's clothing) because specific olfactory pathways synapse in the ________.
Frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Limbic system
Temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex
Occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex
When you eat a spicy pepper, such as a jalepeño, why do you perceive heat in your mouth?
A chemical within the jalepeño acts as a stimulus for thermoreceptors
The breakdown of chemicals within the pepper causes exothermic reactions in the mouth
Friction while chewing activates thermoreceptors
Chemoreceptors can activate heat sensing parts of the brain
All of the answer choices are correct
If, during awake brain surgery, a doctor accidentally depolarized a neuron within the somatosensory cortex, which of these is most likely?
The patient would perceive a specific, localized sensation in one body area
The patient would perceive a general sensation all over the body
The patient would perceive a general sensation over one side of the body
The patient would perceive nothing
If an individual was lacking a key amino acid and so couldn't make and release substance P, what would happen?
They would experience a lack of sensation in some pain pathways
There would be a surge in activity in neurons that synthesize opiate neurotransmitters
Synaptic activity in afferent neurons associated with pain receptors can be inhibited by axon-axon synapses with neurons from descending pathways
There would be an increase in activity in neurons that detect painful stimuli in internal organs
There would be increasing sensation of pain generated by the brain, with or without any damage to structures in the periphery
If the lens flattened with age, what type of vision would become easier over time for this individual?
Both near and distance vision are fine, but changing back and forth between them becomes difficult
Near vision (e.g., reading a book)
Distance vision (e.g., reading a street sign)
Both near and distance vision are compromised
No light will enter the eye and blindness will result
The membrane potential of rod and cone cells is around
-70 mV in the dark, and the cells depolarize in the light
-70 mV in the dark, and the cells hyperpolarize in the light
-35 mV in the dark, and the cells hyperpolarize in the light
-35 mV in the dark, and the cells depolarize in the light
Vitamin A deficiencies could lead to
A decrease in rhodopsin and therefore a decrease in night vision
A decrease in opsins and therefore a decrease in night vision
A decrease in rhodopsin and therefore a decrease in color vision.
A decrease in opsins and therefore a decrease in color vision
None of the above would be affected by a vitamin A deficiency
If the pH of the vitreous humor decreased, the first cells that would be effected are
Cone cells
Rod cells
Lateral geniculate cells
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
You are in a car that stops suddenly. Your head jerks forward, then returns to its original position. Your brain is able to interpret this motion because of the action of ________ cells in the ________.
retinal; cochlea
hair; saccule
hair; semicircular canals
ganglion; olfactory mucosa
basiliar; tectorial membrane
Due to anatomical pathways that involve the limbic system, which type of sensation can lead to the most immediate emotional reactions?
Taste
Smell
Touch
Hearing
Equilibrium
Rapidly adapting receptors are important for detecting the continued presence of a stimulus.
(a)
Sensory information is invested with emotional significance in association areas in the frontal lobes and limbic system
(a)
The sensation of itch is communicated to the brain on dedicated itch receptors
(a)
A drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis would have a side effect of exaggerated pain perception.
(a)
Useful therapy for phantom limb pain includes injections of pain killers at the site of pain
(a)
"Left neglect" is a phenomenon where the entire left visual field is ignored by the brain. This can be caused by damage to the left hemisphere where visual information is processed
(a)
In an individual with macular degeneration, night vision would be impaired.
(a)
Fluid accumulating in the middle ear cavity would cause a decrease in hearing sensation.
(a)
