Cornea and Eye-lens.

Cornea and RETINA

Retina and Eye-lens.

Retina and Iris

retina

optic nerve

cornea and lens

iris

retina

optic nerve

cornea and lens

iris

Ciliary muscles

Suspensory ligaments

Lens

Iris

cornea

lens

optic nerve

retina

cornea

lens

optic nerve

retina

cornea

lens

optic nerve

retina

The major function of the lens in the human eye is to change its shape

and thickness to focus light on the retina.

The major function of the lens in the human eye is to change its shape

and thickness to focus light on the retina.

According to the intensity of light around the eye

Pupil expands or contracts

According to the intensity of light around the eye

Pupil expands or contracts

y, p, and z

x, q, and z

p,y, and z

p z and y

Let us do a lab activity on refractive index of the prism click each tab to learn more

The aim is finding the refractive index of the prism

Materials Required: Prism, Wooden plank, white chart, pencils, pins, protractor and a scale

Take a wooden plank which is enveloped by a white chart

Take a prism place it on the white chart

Take a pencil and draw a border line along the edges of the prism

The aim is finding the refractive index of the prism

Materials Required: Prism, Wooden plank, white chart, pencils, pins, protractor and a scale

Take a wooden plank which is enveloped by a white chart

Take a prism place it on the white chart

Take a pencil and draw a border line along the edges of the prism

Remove the prism from the chart paper; now we obtain a triangle mark

Materials Required: Prism, Wooden plank, white chart, pencils, pins, protractor and a scale

Take a wooden plank which is enveloped by a white chart

Take a prism place it on the white chart

Take a pencil and draw a border line along the edges of the prism

Remove the prism from the chart paper; now we obtain a triangle mark

The vertices of the triangle shape as P Q and R

Take a wooden plank which is enveloped by a white chart

Take a prism place it on the white chart

Take a pencil and draw a border line along the edges of the prism

Remove the prism from the chart paper; now we obtain a triangle mark

The vertices of the triangle shape as P Q and R

The refracting surfaces could be rectangular in shape

Take a prism place it on the white chart

Take a pencil and draw a border line along the edges of the prism

Remove the prism from the chart paper; now we obtain a triangle mark

The vertices of the triangle shape as P Q and R

The refracting surfaces could be rectangular in shape

Measure the angle between P R and P Q

The obtained angle is called the angle of the prism A

Remove the prism from the chart paper; now we obtain a triangle mark

The vertices of the triangle shape as P Q and R

The refracting surfaces could be rectangular in shape

Measure the angle between P R and P Q

The obtained angle is called the angle of the prism A

Now mark a point M on the P Q surface of prism. Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PQ

The vertices of the triangle shape as P Q and R

The refracting surfaces could be rectangular in shape

Measure the angle between P R and P Q

The obtained angle is called the angle of the prism A

Now mark a point M on the P Q surface of prism. Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PQ

Place the protractor origin at Point M along the normal line make an angle of 30 degrees, then draw a line up to the point M, and also draw a small arrow on it.

The refracting surfaces could be rectangular in shape

Measure the angle between P R and P Q

The obtained angle is called the angle of the prism A

Now mark a point M on the P Q surface of prism. Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PQ

Place the protractor origin at Point M along the normal line make an angle of 30 degrees, then draw a line up to the point M, and also draw a small arrow on it.

This line represents the incident ray hence the angle between incident ray and normal line is called angle of incidence I1

Measure the angle between P R and P Q

The obtained angle is called the angle of the prism A

Now mark a point M on the P Q surface of prism. Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PQ

Place the protractor origin at Point M along the normal line make an angle of 30 degrees, then draw a line up to the point M, and also draw a small arrow on it.

This line represents the incident ray hence the angle between incident ray and normal line is called angle of incidence I1

Once again place the prism on the boundary P Q R

Now take two pins and pin them on the vertical line at some points say A and B which are already drawn

Now mark a point M on the P Q surface of prism. Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PQ

Place the protractor origin at Point M along the normal line make an angle of 30 degrees, then draw a line up to the point M, and also draw a small arrow on it.

This line represents the incident ray hence the angle between incident ray and normal line is called angle of incidence I1

Once again place the prism on the boundary P Q R

Now take two pins and pin them on the vertical line at some points say A and B which are already drawn

Looking to the other side fix two more points at some points say C and D in such a way that all the four pins appeared to be in same line

Place the protractor origin at Point M along the normal line make an angle of 30 degrees, then draw a line up to the point M, and also draw a small arrow on it.

This line represents the incident ray hence the angle between incident ray and normal line is called angle of incidence I1

Once again place the prism on the boundary P Q R

Now take two pins and pin them on the vertical line at some points say A and B which are already drawn

Looking to the other side fix two more points at some points say C and D in such a way that all the four pins appeared to be in same line

Remove the prism and also pins and mark their positions

This line represents the incident ray hence the angle between incident ray and normal line is called angle of incidence I1

Once again place the prism on the boundary P Q R

Now take two pins and pin them on the vertical line at some points say A and B which are already drawn

Looking to the other side fix two more points at some points say C and D in such a way that all the four pins appeared to be in same line

Remove the prism and also pins and mark their positions

Draw a line to join the points C and D

Once again place the prism on the boundary P Q R

Now take two pins and pin them on the vertical line at some points say A and B which are already drawn

Looking to the other side fix two more points at some points say C and D in such a way that all the four pins appeared to be in same line

Remove the prism and also pins and mark their positions

Draw a line to join the points C and D

Extend the line to meet the surface (PR) of the prism at point N

This line denotes the emergent ray

Looking to the other side fix two more points at some points say C and D in such a way that all the four pins appeared to be in same line

Remove the prism and also pins and mark their positions

Draw a line to join the points C and D

Extend the line to meet the surface (PR) of the prism at point N

This line denotes the emergent ray

Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PR which acts as normal line

Remove the prism and also pins and mark their positions

Draw a line to join the points C and D

Extend the line to meet the surface (PR) of the prism at point N

This line denotes the emergent ray

Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PR which acts as normal line

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Draw a line to join the points C and D

Extend the line to meet the surface (PR) of the prism at point N

This line denotes the emergent ray

Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PR which acts as normal line

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Extend the line to meet the surface (PR) of the prism at point N

This line denotes the emergent ray

Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PR which acts as normal line

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

Draw a perpendicular line to the surface PR which acts as normal line

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

The angle between the normal line at point N and the emergent ray is called the angle of emergence I2

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

Extend both incident and emergent race until they meet at a point say O

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

Extend both incident and emergent race until they meet at a point say O

Here the angle between these two rays called angle of daeviation (d)

Now join the points M and N by a straight line

Thus, the line passes through the points A B M N C and D

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

Extend both incident and emergent race until they meet at a point say O

Here the angle between these two rays called angle of daeviation (d)

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

This line denotes the path of light when it suffers refraction through prism

Extend both incident and emergent race until they meet at a point say O

Here the angle between these two rays called angle of daeviation (d)

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Extend both incident and emergent race until they meet at a point say O

Here the angle between these two rays called angle of daeviation (d)

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Here the angle between these two rays called angle of daeviation (d)

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

Find this angle and note it down in a table

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

This point is called angle of minimum deviation denoted by D

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

This point is called angle of minimum deviation denoted by D

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

This point is called angle of minimum deviation denoted by D

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

This point is called angle of minimum deviation denoted by D

Repeat the same procedure for different incident angles such as 40 degrees 50 degrees etc

Find the corresponding angles of deviation and angles of emergence and note them in the table

Draw a graph by taking angle of incidence along x axis and angle of deviation along y axis.

Observation: from the graph we observe that the angle of deviation decreases initially and then increases with increase of the angle of incidence

This point is called angle of minimum deviation denoted by D