An individual with sickle cell anemia comes in for his yearly visit and presents with jaundice and complains of recently having dark urine. The destruction of what cell type is responsible for these symptoms?

While working for Doctors Without Borders, you encounter a patient in Brazil who has been having problems with bloody diarrhea recently. You are able to decipher that they most likely have contracted Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC). What distruption of what cell type is causing these symptoms?

A 34-year old smoker presents to urgent care with abrupt onset fever, headache, myalgia, dry cough. When asked about his occupation, he replied saying he worked in water cooling towers, focusing on the air conditioning units. A lab test is done and a gram stain was not present. The sample was then sent to be tested via buffered charcoal yeast. Which of the following organisms is the patient infected with?

A 69 y/o female with a past medical history of recurrent UTIs is frequently treated with antibiotics. She presents to the ED fatigue, nausea/vomiting, descending flaccid paralysis that can cause respiratory failure. When asked about what she ate prior to the infection, she replied homemade canned food. Her test showed a gram positive rod and the organism was tested to be an obligate anaerobe. What antibiotic did the doctor prescribe to her?

A 22 year old woman visited the clinic complaining of weightloss and complications in the GI tract. When asked when the symptoms started, she replied after her recent honeymoon trip to South America where she got bit by a few bugs. She further complained of shortness of breath and dizziness, and doctors are suspecting she might have cardiomyopathy. The symptoms lead toward which disease?

Scientists were studying the glycolytic pathway in erythrocytes. They found that placing the cells in certain media caused the speed of glycolysis to greatly decrease by impairing the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of this metabolic pathway. Which of the following compounds is most likely present in the medium?

A newborn boy is brought to the pediatrician due to fatigue and pallor. He was found to have hemolytic anemia due to an enzyme deficiency in the glycolysis pathway. On further testing, it was found that glucose was escaping from the red blood cell membrane without going through the process of glycolysis. Which of the following enzymes is most likely deficient?

A 29 year old woman comes into the hospital and is complaining of eye pain and blurred vision. Her consultation with an ophthalmologist confirms a macular lesion, and a VA of 20/200 OS. She states that she has never had a problem with her vision before, and there have been no acute incidents in the past months that could have caused this. The physician briefly converses with the mother who reveals that she still volunteers monthly at the same cat shelter that she did 30 years ago. The physician immediately orders a Sabin-Feldman dye test. What organism is the physician suspecting to be responsible for the patient’s condition?

A 59 year old male presents to the ER with a severe case of diarrhea, dehydration, and fever. He states that he is on no medication except for a 7-day course of clindamycin, which the dentist prescribed to treat his severe tooth infection. The patient states that he was eager to get over his tooth infection, so he took double the recommended dosage per day. The patient notes that this diarrhea was very smelly and much worse than any other diarrhea he had ever had before. What are the most likely characteristics of the patient’s source of infection?

A 49 year old male patient comes in for his routine annual physical to his primary care office. The physician orders a blood test and a urine test. A couple days later, the lab detects the presence of the HIV antibodies from the HIV viral load test. The antiviral drug administered to the patient shows a successful reduction in the amount of viral infected cells present in the patient. Upon further investigation, HIV cDNA was found in the nucleus of the host cells, but long strands of HIV genomic RNA were found intracellularly floating in the cytoplasm, resulting in a halt of HIV protein synthesis. What would be the best target of this antiviral drug?

A fisherman in a rural, fishing village is seen by a member of Doctors Without Borders when he begins experiencing watery, explosive diarrhea. In a history, the man tells his doctor that he began feeling pain after he had his usual dinner of clams. The doctor manages to isolate the causative agent, and it is revealed to be curved rod.

1) The causative agent will grow on what selective agar?

A fisherman in a rural, fishing village is seen by a member of Doctors Without Borders when he begins experiencing watery, explosive diarrhea. In a history, the man tells his doctor that he began feeling pain after he had his usual dinner of clams. The doctor manages to isolate the causative agent, and it is revealed to be curved rod.

What is the virulence factor of the likely agent?

An infant child is taken to the hospital after it experiences a stiff neck, lethargy, and high fever. The organism exhibits beta hemolysis on blood agar.

1) What diagnostic test would confirm the findings?

A patient with lung cancer presents to the hospital hypoglycemic. Tests are run to confirm a healthy presence of functioning mitochondria. The doctor prescribes a medication to help regulate her glucose uptake. This medication most likely functions how?

Chris, a medical student is struggling to survive his 2nd year of med school. He complains of memory loss and insomnia and admits that he feels more fatigued and irritable than normal. His friends from MMS are worried because Chris used to be a big-time hiker and camper back when they met him in Pennsylvania, and now he can't even go to the gym because his joints hurt. What is the most likely culprit of Chris's struggles?

A lab sample of a patient with diarrhea is plated on TCBS and the agar turns orange. What

is the patient suffering from?

Johnny is brought to the ER by ambulance because he was having an episode of nausea, vomiting, and seizures. Blood work indicates he is hypoglycemic and hypoketotic. Medium carbon-chain dicarboxylic acids and acylcarnitine derivatives were found in his urine. Which of the following is first on your differential?

You’re rounding on a pediatric ward. Dolly presents with fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, acidosis, anemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and acetonuria. Which of the following is first on your differential?

You’re watching an episode of “House, M.D.” It’s Guillain-Barre! Go with your gut! Which organism can trigger an onset?

A mother gives birth to a baby boy. The physician reading her charts notes that the mother is positive for an STD, however, was not treated prior to delivering the baby. If the baby does not receive appropriate erythromycin drops after birth and develops ophthalmia neonatorum after 7 days, what STD does Mom and now baby have?

A mother brings her child to the pediatrician. She notes that her child has been complaining of a sore throat and abdominal pain. The physician examines the child's throat and noticed some pockets of pus exudate. Which of the following would prevent macrophages from attacking this particular pathogen?

Bordetella pertussis is highly contagious and can cause violent coughs to occur. During which stage are the bacteria high transmissible and bacteria's cytokines released.

A patient complains of a weird discoloration on his chest that appeared after travel to Hawaii during the summer. Upon closer examination you notice hyperpigmentation of the skin. If you take a skin scraping, what type of structure would you see under a microscope?

A person with a known fungal infection comes into your office. The patient wants to know what type of fungus it is so you take a sample for examination. You notice with microscopy that it stained gram +, what fungal species is it?

A patient comes into your office with a papule. 2 weeks later, there a a secondary chain of nodules that form following lymphatics. You notice that it appears to be a subcutaneous fungal infection. What notable shape of the organism would you notice in tissue?

A person with an invasive infection of their nasal cavity with drainage of black pus from their eye comes into your office. What notable feature would you see of this fungi under a microscope?