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WorksheetsViruses - Paul
Total questions: 102
Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins
What type of viruses belong to Family Orthomyxoviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this chicken?
- Sneezing
- Coughing
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Swollen infraorbital sinuses
(a)
What virus has infected this chicken?
- Cyanosis and oedema of the head, comb, and wattle
- Haemorrhages of visceral organs and muscles
- Blood-tinged nasal and oral discharges
- Greenish diarrhoea
(a)
Select the correct diagnosis
A = avian influenza
B = Newcastle disease
A = Newcastle disease
B = avian influenza
Select the correct diagnosis
A = Newcastle disease
B = avian influenza
A = avian influenza
B = Newcastle disease
List 3 strategies used in the bird market setting to reduce avian influenza circulation
(a)
What prevention method is used for avian influenza?
Vaccination
Poultry culling
Quarantining new birds
What virus has infected this pig?
- High fever
- Discharge from the eyes and nose
- Breathing difficulties and barking cough
- Huddling and inactivity
(a)
Why are pigs good mixing vessels for viruses?
(a)
What virus has infected this horse?
- 1-5 year olds most susceptible
- Sudden increase in temperature
- Dry hacking cough
- Watery or thick nasal discharge
(a)
What virus has infected this dog?
- Cough that lasts 1-3 weeks
- Discharge from the eyes and nose
- Sneezing, fever, loss of appetite
(a)
What 2 strains of influenza virus are found in dogs?
(a)
How are samples collected for avian influenza diagnosis?
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for avian influenza?
RT-PCR
ELISA
Immunohistochemistry
Isolation of virus in embryonated chicken eggs
What 2 avian influenza subtypes can only form high pathogenic avian influenza?
(a)
What type of viruses belong to family Paramyxoviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- associated with bovine respiratory disease complex and shipping fever complex
- can cause secondary bacterial pneumonia
(a)
What virus has infected this dog?
- associated with canine respiratory disease complex
- dry hacking cough
- mucous nasal discharge
- tonsillitis
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for canine parainfluenza virus?
RT-PCR
Cell cultures
ELISA
Immunohistochemistry staining
What virus has infected this pig?
- reduced litter size
- reduced farrowing rate
- mummified and stillborn foetuses
(a)
What is the reservoir for Menangle virus?
(a)
What virus has infected this animal?
- Infects cloven-hoofed animals
- Necrotic stomatitis
- Gastroenteritis
- Lymphoid necrosis
(a)
What virus has infected this animal?
- infects goats and sheep
- nasal and ocular discharges
- painful lesions on the gums, lips, cheeks, tongue
- profuse diarrhoea
- pneumonia
(a)
How is PPRV transmitted?
Close contact = secretions, saliva, urine, faeces
Inhalation
Ingestion of contaminated pastures
Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
What virus has infected this dog?
- Fever
- Serous nasal discharge
- GIT and respiratory bacterial infections may occur
- Neurological signs: involuntary muscle twitching, convulsions, increased salivation and chewing movements
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for canine distemper virus?
RT-PCR
ELISA
Immunofluorescent assay
SNT
What virus has infected this animal?
- Dyspnea, tachycardia
- Frothy nasal discharge
- Head pressing and ataxia
- Sudden death 1-3 days later
(a)
What is the reservoir for Hendra virus?
(a)
How is Hendra virus transmitted among horses?
Close contact
Urine and oral cavity
Ingestion of contaminated pastures
Ingestion of bats
What are the control and prevention methods for Hendra virus?
Vaccination
Test and slaughter
Prevent bat-horse transmission
Handle infected tissues, blood, and urine
How is Newcastle Disease virus transmitted?
Gastrointestinal tract
Respiratory tract
Alimentary tract
Urinogenital tract
Newcastle disease viruses are graded by their pathogenicity. Grade the following virus:
- acute lethal infections, usually with haemorrhagic lesions in the intestines
Viscerotropic velogenic
Neurotropic velogenic
Mesogenic
Lentogenic
Newcastle disease viruses are graded by their pathogenicity. Grade the following virus:
- high mortality following respiratory and neurological disease, gut lesions usually absent
Viscerotropic velogenic
Neurotropic velogenic
Mesogenic
Lentogenic
Newcastle disease viruses are graded by their pathogenicity. Grade the following virus:
- respiratory and neurological signs, but low mortality
Viscerotropic velogenic
Neurotropic velogenic
Mesogenic
Lentogenic
Newcastle disease viruses are graded by their pathogenicity. Grade the following virus:
- low virulence, causing mild infections of respiratory tract
Viscerotropic velogenic
Neurotropic velogenic
Mesogenic
Lentogenic
What virus has infected this chicken?
- sudden drop in egg production and abnormal eggs
- swelling and cyanosis of comb and wattles
- watery bright green or bloody diarrhoea
- twisting of head and neck
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for Newcastle disease?
Serum, cloacal, and tracheal swabs from live birds
RT-PCR
Immunofluorescent assay
Respiratory tissues and neurological tissues from dead birds
Newcastle disease virus is zoonotic
True
False
What type of viruses belong to family Rhabdoviridae?
(a)
What genus do rabies belong to?
(a)
What virus has infected this animal?
- seizures, paralysis
- difficulty breathing and swallowing
- aggression and abnormal behaviour
- death 4 days later
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for rabies?
RT-PCR
SNT
Immunofluorescent assay
ELISA
What virus has infected this bat?
- overt aggression
- paralysis, seizures, tremors
- respiratory difficulties
- inability to fly
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- transmitted by biting midges
- stand with their backs arched and heads low
- discharge from eyes and nose
- secondary bloat, fever
- lameness and swollen joints
(a)
Select the true statements for bovine ephemeral fever virus (3 day sickness)
BEFV is endemic in northern Australia
BEFV is epidemic in northern Australia
BEFV is endemic in temperate areas
BEFV is epidemic in temperate areas
What lab diagnosis methods are used for bovine ephemeral fever virus?
Clinical signs
PCR
ELISA
Blood samples
When should you vaccinate against bovine ephemeral fever virus?
Before summer, before insect populations rise
Before winter, before insect populations rise
Before autumn, before insect populations rise
Before spring, before insect populations rise
What virus has infected this animal?
- excessive salivation
- vesicles on mouth and feet
- lameness
(a)
How is vesicular stomatitis virus transmitted?
Direct contact
Fomites
Ingestion of contaminated pastures
Inhalation
What lab diagnosis methods are used for vesicular stomatitis virus?
Indirect sandwich ELISA
Swabs of ruptured vesicles
SNT
PCR
Vesicular stomatitis virus is zoonotic
True
False
What type of viruses belong to family Caliciviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this rabbit?
- Convulsion, paralysis
- Frothy and bloody nasal discharge
- Cyanosis of mucous membranes
- Death 12-36 hours after fever starts
(a)
What control method is used for vesicular exanthema of swine virus? (VESV)
Test and slaughter
Vaccination
Euthanasia of infected pigs
Quarantine new pigs
What virus has infected this cat?
- Vesicles/ulcers on the tongue
- Limping syndrome
- Fever
(a)
What virus has infected this cat?
- Subcutaneous oedema
- Ulceration of the mouth, ears, nose, pawpads
(a)
How is feline calicivirus transmitted?
Shed in secretions, urine, and faeces
Transmission by inhalation
Transmission by fomites
Transmission by direct contact
What lab diagnosis methods are used for feline calicivirus?
Oral and conjunctival swabs
RT-PCR
ELISA
Immunofluorescent assay
What type of viruses belong to family Astroviridae?
(a)
What are the 2 main genera of family Astroviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this chicken?
- Diarrhoea
- Growth retardation
- Kidney damage
- Gout
(a)
What type of viruses belong to family Hepeviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this chicken?
- Associated with big liver and spleen disease
(a)
What type of viruses belong to family Coronaviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this dog?
- enteritis (inflammation of intestines)
- loss of normal digestive and absorptive functions
- watery diarrhoea and dehydration
(a)
What virus has infected this cat?
- Ascites
- Dyspnea with pleural effusion
- Jaundice
- Masses on the kidneys
- Lymph node or eye inflammation
(a)
What virus has infected this pig?
- Vomiting is the initial sign
- Profuse watery diarrhoea
- Dehydration and excessive thirst
- Curds of undigested milk in the faeces of nursing pigs
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- Profuse watery diarrhoea
- Faeces containing blood clots
- Weak suckling reflex
- Dehydration
(a)
What virus has infected this chicken?
- Conjunctivitis and dyspnea
- Drop in egg production and eggs are thin, soft, and pale
- Huddle under heat lamps
(a)
What family of viruses are the only viruses that are diploid? (converted from ss + RNA to ds DNA)
(a)
Select the true statements about retroviruses
Exogenous retroviruses are transmitted horizontally among hosts
Exogenous retroviruses are inherited vertically in the genomes
Endogenous retroviruses are inherited vertically in the genomes
Endogenous retroviruses are transmitted horizontally among hosts
What virus has infected this cat?
- function of immune system decreases
- increased risk of developing blood cancers
- spread through saliva via cat bites
(a)
What are the main prevention methods for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?
Vaccination
Spay or neuter the infected cat
Keep cat indoors
Euthanise the infected cat
What subgroup of feline leukopenia virus can only be transmitted to other cats?
FeLV-A
FeLV-B
FeLV-C
FeLV-T
What virus has infected this horse?
- Transmitted by blood-feeding tabanid flies
- Thrombocytopaenia
- Anaemia, oedema
- Muscle weakness and loss of body condition
(a)
What are the lab diagnosis methods used for equine infectious anaemia virus?
PCR
ELISA
Agar gel immunodiffusion
SNT
What virus has infected this goat?
- Trembling of lips or head tilt
- Mastitis
- Progressive dyspnea
- Wasting
(a)
What virus has infected this goat?
- joint capsule distention
- lameness
- polysynovitis-arthritis
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- thymic lymphosarcoma
- cutaneous lymphosarcoma
(a)
What type of viruses belong to family Herpesviridae?
(a)
What family of viruses establishes latency, where the virus stops replicating once inside the cells?
(a)
What virus has infected this horse?
- enlargement of mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes
- anorexia
- foetuses expelled while still in the placenta
(a)
What virus has infected this horse?
- incoordination of hind limbs
- urine dribbling
- inability to rise
- wobbly gait
(a)
What lab diagnosis methods are used for equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy?
PCR
SNT
Immunofluorescent assay
Lesions in liver, spleen, lung, and thymus of foetus
What virus has infected this horse?
- nodular lesions in the lungs
- weight loss
- reduced ability to exercise
(a)
What virus has infected this horse?
- vesicular and erosive lesions on the penis and vulva
- sexually transmitted
- lesions cause depigmented patches
- causes equine coital exanthema disease
(a)
What virus has infected this dog?
- infects puppies
- vocalisation
- abdominal pain
- soft faeces
- incoordination
(a)
What virus has infected this cat?
- ulcerative keratitis (inflammation of cornea)
- pneumonia
- abortion
- conjunctivitis
(a)
What virus has infected this bird?
- pharyngitis and tracheitis
- hard swallowing
- extending neck forward and upwards for each breath to clear mucous in the trachea
(a)
What virus has infected this bird?
- causes Marek's disease
- splayed legs/paralysis
- tumours in feather follicles and skin
- tumours in ovaries, liver, spleen, kidney, heart
(a)
What virus has infected this pig?
- causes Aujeszky's disease
- spread by nose-to-nose contact
- seizures or paralysis
- intense itchiness
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- balanoposthitis = male genital infection
- pustular vulvovaginitis = female genital infection
- abortions
(a)
What virus has infected this cow?
- muzzle is encrusted
- partial blindness due to severe keratitis
- ataxia, nystagmus, head pressing
(a)
What type of viruses belong to family Asfarviridae?
(a)
What virus has infected this pig?
- cyanotic skin blotching
- erythema
- constipation and abdominal pain
- abortions
- fever
(a)
What control method is used for African swine fever?
Vaccination
Test and slaughter
Disinfecting piggeries
Euthanising infected pigs
What is the 'key' to zoonotic disease emergence?
(a)
What disease is this cow suffering from?
- gait abnormalities
- low carriage of the head
- hyperresponsiveness to stimuli
- tremors
- aggression, nervousness, frenzy
(a)
What disease is this sheep suffering from?
- stand apart from the flock
- hypersensitivity to stimuli
- ataxia and tremors
- intensely pruritic (itchy)
(a)
How is scrapie transmitted?
Ingestion of birth fluids or tissues
Ingestion of sheep or goat milk
Ingestion of contaminated pastures
Direct contact
What disease is this deer suffering from?
- drastic weight loss (wasting)
- stumbling
- neurologic signs
(a)
How is chronic wasting disease transmitted?
Direct contact
Environmental contact
Ingestion of contaminated pastures
Ingestion of birth fluids and tissues
