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WorksheetsAnaphy: Midterms reviewer
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 38mins
Which of the following is/are responsible for most of the mass of an atom?
Both neutron and proton
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Both electron and neutron
The chemical notation for magnesium ions is Mg+2. The designation +2 indicates that
two protons have been gained.
the ion is negatively charged.
two electrons have been lost.
the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
the atomic number is two.
The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living organisms is ________.
anatomic imaging
regional anatomy
physiology
surface anatomy
systemic anatomy
Growth refers to an increase in size of all or part of an organism. It can result from
an increase in the number of cells within the organism.
an increase in the amount of substances surrounding the cells.
an increase in the size of individual cells within the organism.
None of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
The mass number of an element is
the sum of the number of protons plus the number of electrons.
the number of neutrons in the atom.
the number of protons in the atom.
the sum of the number of neutrons plus the number of electrons.
the sum of the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n) ________.
electron
electron cloud
neutron
atom
proton
Subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom are called ________.
Both "protons" and "neutrons" are correct.
protons
electrons
orbitals
neutrons
________ includes the changes an organism undergoes through time beginning with fertilization and ending at death.
Organization
Development
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Metabolism
What organs does Abdominopelvic Cavity contain?
stomach
Testes
Urinary Bladder
Liver
Uterus
What is included in the Thoracic Cavity?
Spleen
Lungs
Heart
Pancreas
Esophagus
Which organ is included in the Cranial Cavity?
Eyes
Brain
Spinal Cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
Nose
What conditions is the Ventral Body Cavity?
Includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Contains the spinal cord
surrounded by the bony skull and ventral column
Located more anteriorly
Contain the heart, lungs and digestive organs
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not, is classified as
stratified squamous epithelium
transitional epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Moveable projections from the surface of cells found in abundance in the respiratory tract are ________.
flagella
microvilli
nucleoli
centrioles
cilia
Epithelial cells that appear cube-like when an organ is relaxed, and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid, are classified as
simple squamous epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium.
transitional epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
pseudostratified epithelium.
The most correct classification of an epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells, in which the outer layers are flat and thin and the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar, is
stratified squamous epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
transitional epithelium.
pseudostratified epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium.
Basement membranes
function as a filter and a barrier to cell or pathogen movemen
are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue.
attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue.
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue controls the permeability into and out of an area or organ.
Epithelial tissue is vascular.
Epithelial tissue provides physical protection for organs.
Epithelial tissue functions in absorption and secretion.
Epithelial tissue consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular material between them, thereby forming a barrier against entry into the body.
Epithelial cells
usually have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells.
cover body surfaces or form glands.
All of the choices are correct.
can be somewhat far away from any blood vessel.
have a basement membrane that attaches to underlying tissues.
All of the following are protein components of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT ________.
centrosomes
All of the choices are correct.
microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
________ are components of the cytoskeleton that help to provide support, assist in cell division, and form cilia.
Microfilaments
Centrosomes
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Understanding tissue structure and function is important because
changes at the tissue level affect the function of organs.
All of the choices are correct.
many diseases and pathologies are tissue and cell type specific.
there is a relationship between tissue structure and organ function.
there is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type (how it is organized) and its function (what it does).
Which of these is NOT one of the four basic tissue types?
Muscle
Nervous
Connective
Glandular
Epithelium
Cell shrinkage is also called ________.
cellular dissolution
lysis
All of the choices are correct.
hydrostatic pressure
crenation
provides support for maintaining cell shape
nucleus
microtubules
smooth ER
nucleolus
control center of the cell
centriole
lysosome
nucleolus
nucleus
membrane network studded with ribosomes
ribosome
smooth ER
Rough ER
mitochondria
forms the mitotic spindle and the base of cilia
centriole
Golgi apparatus
microtubules
lysosome
assembles and packages material to be secreted from the cell
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
microtubules
smooth ER
sac of digestive enzymes
lysosome
nucleolus
nucleus
centriole
synthesizes steroid hormones
smooth ER
Rough ER
mitochondria
microtubules
site of ribosome synthesis
nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
centriole
nucleus
site of protein synthesis
lysosome
nucleus
ribosome
mitochondria
Energy-generating powerhouse of the cell
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria
lysosome
microtubules
Lines body cavities and cover body surfaces; commonly has one surface attach and the other is free.
muscle
epithelium
nervous tissue
connective tissue
Responsible for essentially all examples of body movements.
nervous tissue
epithelium
muscle
connective tissue
Enables us to be aware of the external environment and to react to it; specialized for communications
nervous tissue
connective tissue
muscle
epithelium
Composed largely of non-living extracellular matrix; important in protection and support
connective tissue
epithelium
nervous tissue
muscle
Filtration, secretion and absorption are important functions of this tissue.
nervous tissue
epithelium
muscle
connective tissue
form the shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae
areolar
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
dense fibrous
Has a high content of hard calcium salts
fibrocartilage
adipose
areolar
dense fibrou
Achilles was "done in" by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. all tendons consist of this tissue.
fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage
adipose
dense fibrous
glassy semihard tissue that covers bone ends at joint surfaces; connect ribs to breastbone.
fibrocartilage
adipose
hyaline cartilage
areolar
No one is literally a "fathead" because the brain is unable to store this tissue.
hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
areolar
adipose
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the integumentary system?
The condition of the skin, hair, and nails is affected by nutritional status.
Keratin in the epidermis absorbs ultraviolet light and protects the underlying structures from its damaging effects.
Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium and phosphate in the intestine.
Hair acts as a heat insulator and protective barrier.
Intact skin plays an important role in preventing water loss, because its lipids act as a barrier to osmosis.
Which of these anatomical terms for bone features is NOT correctly matched with its description?
Process—Prominent indentation
Tubercle or Tuberosity—knob or enlargement
Condyle—Smooth, rounded end of bone where it forms a joint with another bone
Head—Enlarged (often rounded) end
Facet—Small, flattened articular surface
What are the most effective preventive measures to reduce the effects of aging on the skeletal system?
Decreasing physical activity and the amount of stress on the bones
Increasing physical activity
Decreasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D
Ingesting dietary calcium with a vitamin D supplement
Both "increasing physical activity" and "ingesting dietary calcium with a vitamin D supplement" are correct.
Which of the following conditions is NOT correctly paired with its symptoms?
Acne—Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
Iron-deficiency anemia—Nails become flat or concave (spoon-like)
Vitamin A deficiency—Excess keratin deposits in skin leading to sand paper-like texture.
Cyanosis—Bluish color of skin resulting from decreased blood oxygen content
Psoriasis—Circular scaly lesions
Bone growth
All of the choices are correct.
occurs through the deposition of new bone lamellae onto existing bone or other connective tissue.
causing an increase in the length of the bone is called appositional growth.
is accomplished by the osteoclasts.
at the epiphyseal plates causes increase in bone diameter.
Jaundice is caused by
decreased oxygen content of blood.
increased number of active melanocytes.
increased production of melanin by normal number of melanocytes.
collection of abnormal bile pigment in the skin.
altered blood flow to the skin (overall or in small areas).
Sandra has been working very long hours the past three months and has had very little time to relax. She works as a medical transcriptionist and spends most of her time at her desk. The results of her recent annual physical indicated that her calcium levels were on the lower end of the acceptable values. Her physician suggests that she adjust her diet to include more calcium-rich foods and to spend some time relaxing outdoors. Why would her physician suggest she spend time outdoors to improve her calcium levels?
Relaxing outdoors would provide fresh air, which helps with calcium absorption.
Sun exposure enables the production of calcium in the body.
If Sandra is outdoors, she is less likely to eat snack foods that are not calcium-rich.
Sun exposure enables the production of vitamin D in the body, which is necessary for calcium absorption at the small intestine.
Which of the following statements about glands of the skin is true?
Eccrine sweat glands produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances.
All of the choices are correct.
Eccrine sweat glands become active at puberty because of the influence of sex hormones.
Sebaceous glands produce an oily white substance rich in lipids.
Sebum is important in cooling the body.
Which of the following functions of the integumentary system is NOT correctly matched with an example?
Temperature regulation—Radiation and convection of heat from blood flowing in the dermis.
Sensation—Pain, heat, cold, and pressure receptors in the skin.
Excretion—Hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into the urine.
Vitamin D production—Active vitamin D is produced from a precursor molecule.
All of the choices are correct.
Bone remodeling
is controlled by the actions of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
continues throughout the life span of the individual.
is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels.
All of the choices are correct.
is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
The extracellular matrix of bone
has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite).
Both "has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite)" and "is entirely composed of proteoglycans" are correct.
contains collagen and minerals.
is entirely composed of proteoglycans.
Both "contains collagen and minerals" and "has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite)" are correct.
The stratum corneum of the epidermis
has cells that synthesize melanin.
All of the choices are correct.
can become thickened and form a structure called a callus or corn.
consists of continuously dividing cells.
has cells that are continuously moving toward the stratum basale.
Which of the following shows the path of nutrients needed by the osteocytes in compact bone?
Osteocytes → lacuna → diffusion through the canaliculi → blood vessels in central canals → blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → general circulation
Osteocytes → lacuna → blood vessels in central canals → diffusion through the canaliculi → blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → general circulation
Blood vessels in central canals → blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → diffusion through the canaliculi → lacuna → osteocyte
Blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → blood vessels in central canals → diffusion through the canaliculi → lacuna → osteocyte
Blood vessels in periosteum → direct diffusion through the hard, ossified matrix → osteocyte
Which of these statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?
Bone is the major storage site for calcium in the body.
Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts.
Both "Bone is the major storage site for calcium in the body" and "The zone of tissue repair between two bone fragments is called a callus" are correct."
The zone of tissue repair between two bone fragments is called a callus.
As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases.
Which of these statements about bone growth is NOT correct?
Bone growth can occur beneath the periosteum or in the epiphyseal plate.
All of the choices are correct.
Growth at the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the increase in length of long bones.
Bone growth occurs primarily because osteoclasts start forming new bone.
In the epiphyseal plate, dying chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts.
Paul is on the newest diet craze. After a couple of weeks of eating only carrots and carrot-based products, he begins to notice that his skin has a decidedly yellowish tint. This is because
excess melanin from his diet has accumulated in the lipids of the dermis.
he has recently been exposed to a lot of ultraviolet light.
liver damage has occurred, and bile pigments are building up.
excess carotene from his diet has accumulated in the lipids of the stratum corneum.
his change in diet has nothing to due with the yellowish tint. It is just a natural change due to aging.
Racial variations in skin color are determined by
All of the choices are correct.
Both "the number of melanocytes" and "the distribution and deposition of melanin produced" are correct.
the amount and type of melanin produced.
the distribution and deposition of melanin.
the number of melanocytes.
Which of the following does NOT occur during endochondral ossification?
Chondrocytes in the cartilage model enlarge, and then die.
The presence of blood vessels in the outer surface of the future bone causes some of the unspecified connective tissue cells on the surface to become osteoblasts.
A medullary cavity is formed as the osteoblasts remove bone and calcified cartilage.
The cartilage is calcified.
A primary ossification center forms in the center of the diaphysis as blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the calcified cartilage.
Cyanosis is caused by
altered blood flow to the skin (overall or in small areas).
decreased oxygen content of blood.
collection of abnormal pigment (not melanin) in the skin.
increased number of active melanocytes.
increased production of melanin by normal number of melanocytes.
When bone growth in length stops,
the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the lamellar line.
the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the epiphyseal line.
the bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is called the articular cartilage.
the bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is called the endosteum.
the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the periosteum.
Axial Skeleton
Sternum
Talus
lumbar vertebra
clavicle
Appendicular Skeleton
lumbar vertebra
clavicle
Talus
Sternum
The wrist bones
carpals
radius
fibula
femur
Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.
fibula
ulna
radius
femur
Form the lateral aspect of the ankle
carpals
fibula
ulna
femur
Has a head like a pliers.
carpals
radius
ulna
femur
Articulates with the acetabulum and the tibia
femur
fibula
carpals
radius
Bone that carries the hands
fibula
carpals
ulna
radius
