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WorksheetsF &E EXAM 6
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Why does fluid move? Select all that apply
To remove waste
Cells to feed themselves
Send and Receive messages
Chemical substances
55 - 60% of the average adult’s weight is fluid. True or False?
(a)
(a) fluid is between the cells and outside the blood vessels. ( Could be in the “third space” as well.)
(a) fluid is blood plasma; within blood vessels
(a) fluids in body spaces; smallest division of ECF compartment (i.e. CSF, pericardial, synovial, pleural fluids & sweat, digestive secretions
The extracellular fluid _____.
is equivalent to the plasma
makes up about
20
%
of the total body fluid
makes more than
80
%
of the total body fluid
contains more sodium
All are correct
ICF-Intracellular fluids (50%)-fluid within the cells
True or False?
(a)
This organ filters plasma & excretes urine.
(a)
What regulates O2 and CO2 of blood?
(a)
What helps the body conserve Na, CL and H20 and excrete K+?
(a)
What increases blood flow and renal circulation?
(a)
What regulates the level of Ca in ECF?
(a)
What absorbs H2O and nutrients that enter the body through this route?
(a)
The (a) system acts a switchboard to inhibit and stimulate fluid balance.
What do you assess to determine fluid volume deficiency? SATA
Dry oral mucosa
Cracked lips
Poor skin turgor
Brittle hair
Rigid nails
Infants lose a large amount of ECF after birth, but maintains smaller amount than adults until age 3.
True or False?
(a)
How many wet diapers in 24 hours do you want to see from an infant?
2-3
6-8
10-12
1-2
During an infant F & E assessment what would you asses for? SATA
Check fontanel
Presence of tears
Daily weight
Moist mouth
Stools
What are some signs of dehydration with the elderly?
Decreased sensation of thirst
Diuretics
Loss of Muscle Mass
Elderly
Decrease in total body water
Which statement is correct w/regard to aging?
Over 60% of the body weight of an older adult is water
Thirst sensation is the best indicator of fluid balance.
Skin turgor is the most reliable measure of body fluid levels.
Changes in renal function increase the risk of electrolyte imbalance.
Which part of the brain is responsible for receiving messages when ECF volume is decreased, thereby creating the sensation of thirst?
Midbrain
Hypothalamus
Brain Stem
Subcortical Adrenal Hypohysis
What is the best fluid balance indicator?
Daily weights
Monitor serum electrolytes.
Monitor urine specific gravity.
Exercises every 2 hours while awake.
John has a brain injury which is causing the pressure inside his skull to increase, that may result in a lack of circulation and possible death to his brain cells. Which intravenous solution would be most appropriate for John?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Plasma
Select the isotonic solutions. Select all that apply.
0.9% NaCl
(Normal Saline)
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
5% dextrose in water
0.45% NaCl
(½ Normal Saline)
3% sodium chloride
Select the hypotonic solutions. SATA
0.45% NaCl
(½ Normal Saline)
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl (D5 NS)
3% sodium chloride
Select the hypertonic solutions. SATA.
5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl (D5 ½ NS)
5% dextrose in 0.9% NaCl (D5 NS)
3% sodium chloride
Lactated Ringer’s (LR)
When a (a) solution is infused, it raises serum osmolarity, pulling fluid from the cells and the interstitial tissues into the vascular space.
(a) solutions have a lower osmolarity, which draws fluid out of the intravascular space and into intracellular space/fluid, causing cells to swell and possibly burst.
An (a) fluid remains in the intravascular compartment.
BUN (a) mg/dL
Creatinine normal lab value.
(a)
Plasma osmolarity (a) mOsmk/L
Hemoglobin (Hgb) normal lab value
(a)
Hematocrit (Hct) normal lab value
(a)
Normal range for urine specific gravity
(a)
Urine osmolarity (a) mOsm/L
What is the most common cause of an elevated hematocrit?
Dehydration
Pregnancy
Iron and vitamin deficiency
Bone marrow disease (polycythemia vera)
Increased BUN and HCT =
(a)
What describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney. It is calculated using; age, ethnicity, gender, weight, height, and creatinine?
(a)
(a) function, is an indication of the state of kidney function.
The (a) stimulates fluid retention & stretches receptors in the atria and blood vessels.
Adrenal Gland/Cortex secrete (a) , which causes Na and H2O retention and K loss.
What stores and releases ADH; makes body retain H2O, maintain osmotic pressure?
(a)
Where is the thirst mechanism located?
The hypothalamus
Frontal lobe
The thalamus
Pineal gland
What two primary hormones' are involved in fluid balance?
Vasopressin and Aldosterone
Vasopressin and ADH
ADH and Prolactin
Dopamine and ADH
Sodium normal range
130-135
135-145
120-135
136-150
98% of total body K+ is (a)
Magnesium serum level (a) mg/dL
When K+ is up/down so is Mg. True or False?
(a)
Calcium is found in ___ & ___
(a)
What is the major role of calcium in blood?
Coagulation
To maintain strong bones
To relax the muscles.
To keep a normal heartbeat.
CNS MANIFESTATIONS of Hypernatremia? SATA
Agitation
Diminished cardiac output
Confusion
Lethargy
Decreased cardiac contractility
Muscle Twitching/Weakness is a sign of
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Dehydration
Diminished cardiac output
Which is an appropriate treatment for patient with Na of 147 mg/dL?
Enc. Pt increase salty foods.
Enc. Pt to increase PO fluids.
Enc. Pt to ambulate 3-4x per day.
Increase IV fluids.
What reduces excitability of cells?
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hormones
S & S of Hypocalcemia. SATA
Numbness and tingling in fingers, mouth, or feet
Muscle cramps
Seizures
Confusion
Vomiting
Assessment for Hypocalcemia: SATA
Hx of parathyroid/thyroid surgery
Fractures
Irritability
ECG changes for arrthymias (Prolonged ST Segment)
Tremors
What clinical finding is associated with this picture?
Hypocalcemia
Trousseau Sign
Chvostek Sign
Twitching Sign
S&S of Hypercalcemia. SATA
Bone Pain
Excessive Urination
Excessive Thirst
Slurred Speech
Hyperparathyroidism
S&S: of Hypomagnesaemia. SATA
Diarrhea
Altered GI
Altered Urinary
Tetany
Assessment for Hypomagnesaemia: SATA
Monitor nasogastric suctioning
Altered respiratory
Alcohol withdrawal
Onset of seizure activity
Treatment of Hypomagnesemia. SATA
IV infusion of mag sulfate or IM
Oral magnesium salts
D/c diuretics
Oral intake of magnesium
Interventions for Hypomagnesemia. SATA
Monitor for 3T's
(tremors, twitching, tetany)
Hyperactive DTR’s (deep tendon reflexes)
Monitor respiratory status
EKG changes
Monitor I & O
Hypermagnesemia S&S: SATA
Flushed feeling
Lethargy
Cardiac(Bradycardia)
paresthesia
Loss of DTR’s
Assessment for Hypermagnesemia. SATA
Decreased Muscle and Nerve Activity
EKG changes-arrhythmias
Changes in LOC
GI Upset
An excess amount of magnesium in the bloodstream & caused by renal failure or poor kidney function. (Rare)
Hypermagnesemia
Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia
Hypomagnesemia
_________ is an electrolyte disturbance caused when there is a low level of serum magnesium.
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
What is the purpose for fluid? Select all that apply
Regulation of body temperature
Transport of nutrients to cells
Transport of waste from cells
Transport of energy to sites of activity
Lubrication of joint spaces
Marie Joy’s lab test revealed that her serum calcium is 2.5 mEq/L. Which assessment data does the nurse document when a client diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a carpopedal spasm after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated?
Positive Trousseau's sign
Positive Chvostek's sign
Tetany
Paresthesia
