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WorksheetsPHSL101 Renal Physiology
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 18mins
In homeostasis, the kidney regulates the _______
levels of electrolytes (e.g. Na+)
volume of water in the body
pH
all of the above
The bundle of capillaries in the nephron where filtration of blood starts is the:
glomerulus
glomerular capsule
distal tubule
proximal tubule
What would you find inside the Glomerulus?
Air
Urine
Blood
Lymph
Which of these products are NEVER filtered out of the blood?
Blood cells
Water
Ions
Nutrients
Within the nephron, the renal corpuscle contains which of the following? Select all that apply
Renal Tubule
Glomerulus
Renal capsule
Renal medulla
The proximal tubule is
impermeable to water.
permeable to water if ADH is present.
permeable to sodium if aldosterone is present.
the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.
In a normal human, which substance should be 100% reabsorbed, meaning that it should not be present in the urine?
sodium
H+
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
Produces, stores and eliminates urine from the body.
Controls blood pressure and fluid volume in the body.
Regulate the balance of electrolytes.
Control the levels of fats in the blood.
Approximately _____ L of filtrate enters the nephrons each day; of that volume _____% is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
180 L and 90%
240 L and 85%
80 L and 35%
180 L and 99%
This term means the entry of substances into the body from the filtrate.
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
Filtration
Which area of the brain contains the receptors responsible for detecting changes in water potential
Hypothalamus
Medulla Oblongata
Amygdala
Hippocampus
What classification of receptors detect changes in the osmolarity of the blood?
Thermoreceptors
Proprioceptors
Photoreceptors
Osmoreceptors
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is released by which gland of the endocrine system?
Thyroid
(Posterior) Pituitary
Ovaries
Adrenal gland
If you are dehydrated (increased blood osmolarity ), the body must conserve water. To do so, the brain triggers the pituitary gland to ...
release MORE ADH, making the distal tubule MORE permeable to water
release LESS ADH, making the distal tubule LESS permeable to water
release MORE ADH, making the distal tubule LESS permeable to water
release LESS ADH, making the distal tubule MORE permeable to water
If you are over-hydrated (decreased blood osmolarity), the body must excrete excess water. To do so, the brain triggers the pituitary gland to ...
release MORE ADH, making the distal tubule MORE permeable to water
release LESS ADH, making the distal tubule LESS permeable to water
release MORE ADH, making the distal tubule LESS permeable to water
release LESS ADH, making the distal tubule MORE permeable to water
Increases in _______ means that more sodium will be absorbed in the distal tubule which leads to an _________ in blood pressure.
Aldosterone; increase
Aldosterone; decrease
Adrenaline; decrease
Adrenaline; increase
The darker the color of urine, the more hydrated the person is.
True
False
The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration is called:
What does selective permeability means?
The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through
The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, tending to equalize the concentrations of the water.
Osmosis
Active Transport
Diffusion
Tonicity
Primary active transport...
Directly breaks down ATP for energy
Directly breaks down mitochondria for energy
Uses energy from an electrochemical gradient
Uses Na+ / K+ ATPase for energy
Secondary active transport...
Directly breaks down ATP for energy
Directly breaks down mitochondria for energy
Uses energy from an electrochemical gradient
Uses Na+ / K+ ATPase for energy
Water uses _______ to cross the plasma membrane.
Aquaporins
Carrier proteins
NA+/ K+ ATPase
Vesicles
In osmosis, water moves towards a _____ concentration of solute, and a _____ concentration of water
Low ; low
Low ; high
High ; low
High ; high
A chemical that prevents rapid change in pH is called a:
Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______________ of blood ____________?
increase, pressure
decrease, volume
increase, sodium levels
decrease, pH
A serum pH of more than 7.45 is considered:
Acididosis
Alkalosis
