WorksheetsExam 2 Review
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 24mins
Secondary groups cannot be geographically dispersed.
True
False
Sociologically, what is the difference between a group and a crowd?
Individuals associated with a group don’t share any common attributes.
Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity and have ongoing social relations.
Individuals associated with a group don’t have ongoing social relations.
Individuals associated with a crowd remain in contact.
We feel loyalty toward members of in-groups and hostility toward out-group members.
True
False
A characteristic of primary groups is that they
are larger and more anonymous than secondary groups.
are often formal or impersonal.
tend to be based on specific roles or activities.
involve a strong sense of belonging.
Émile Durkheim worried that individuals would feel less connected to groups in an increasingly fragmented modern world, which would lead to
the rise of hate groups.
a need for new types of etiquette.
anomie or normlessness.
unemployment
What do sociologists call patterns of interaction between groups and individuals?
rationalization
group dynamics
in-group solidarity
out-group solidarity
What do we call groups that are used as standards to evaluate ourselves positively, in terms of the qualities we aspire to achieve, or negatively, in terms of the qualities we wish to avoid?
reference groups
out-groups
in-groups
networks
What is the strongest type of conformity that can occur as a result of social influence or peer pressure?
social loafing
identification
internalization
compliance
Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?
actions that are harmful to society
violations of social norms
criminal activities
immoral or unethical behaviors
Sociologists argue that no behavior, not even one designed to kill a great number of people, is inherently deviant.
True
False
A behavior, trait, or belief can be considered deviant if it violates a social norm and causes a negative reaction.
True
False
Stereotype threat leads to positive performance outcomes, while stereotype promise is a result of the fear of performing poorly.
True
False
Robert Merton’s typology of deviance outlines the strain that people experience as they attempt to access cultural goals through legitimate, institutionalized means. In which of the following categories would gangsters and con artists be found?
conformity
innovation
ritualism
retreatism
Which theory suggests that crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?
conflict theory
differential association theory
functionalist theory
symbolic interactionism
A woman attributes her teenage son’s deviant behavior to him “falling in with a bad crowd.” Which symbolic interactionist theory of deviance does this explanation MOST closely resemble?
differential association theory
labeling theory
self-fulfilling prophecy
conflict theory
An example of ________ is Asian American students being more likely to be placed in Advanced Placement classes, earn higher grades, and be treated well by teachers.
a stereotype promise
a stereotype threat
a self-fulfilling prophecy
primary deviance
What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?
Crimes
Taboos
Mores
Folkways
What is the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?
a report that assigns funding to different areas of federal law enforcement
an official measure of all the norm violations that occur
sentencing guidelines as they relate to race and class
an official measure of crime in the United States
What term describes “actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic”?
positive deviance
secondary deviance
heroic deviance
anti-deviance
There have been many societies throughout history with no social stratification.
True
False
What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?
social inequality
apartheid
social stratification
social divisions
(a) is a system of stratification commonly used in modern capitalist societies.
Most Americans claim they are
middle class
lower class
working class
not associated with a class
Which social class category is comprised of people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year?
blue collar
middle class
working poor
underclass
How is Max Weber’s idea of social class different from Karl Marx’s?
Weber did not believe owning the means of production mattered in any way.
Weber believed class status was inherited and that it was an extension of the old feudal system.
Weber believed wealth was the only factor that mattered, regardless of how that wealth was acquired.
Weber believed that wealth, power, and prestige all affected a person’s social class.
(a) is/are the tastes, habits, and expectations that children “inherit” or learn from their parents, which help them achieve material success in life.
People are more likely to marry individuals with social and cultural backgrounds similar to their own because
parents and other family members always exert pressure to marry within the group.
people spend a great deal of time alone and, therefore, have few opportunities for meeting people.
people have greater access to individuals like themselves.
people develop irrational fears of out-group members and are scared to date them.
What sort of jobs can support a middle-class lifestyle in America today?
jobs in manufacturing
jobs associated with blue-collar work
jobs associated with skilled trades like carpentry
jobs in the service, information, and technology sectors
Social mobility that occurs over the course of an individual’s lifetime is called (a) mobility.
What defines so-called official poverty in the United States based on household income?
social stratification
the federal poverty line
relative deprivation
absolute deprivation
Race is based on real or perceived biological differences, while ethnicity speaks to a shared ancestry or cultural heritage
False
True
Race is based on real or perceived biological differences, while ethnicity speaks to a shared ancestry or cultural heritage
True
False
Race is defined by sociologists
as a group with a shared cultural heritage.
in the same way they define ethnicity.
as the difference between Mongoloid, Negroid, and Caucasoid people.
as a social category based on real or perceived biological differences.
Sociologists define ethnicity
as people who share a common physical characteristic.
as people with the same skin color.
as a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage.
the same way they define race.
What are displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasions?
celebratory ethnicity
symbolic ethnicity
situational ethnicity
religious identity
White nationalism is the belief that a nation should be based on white identity, which would be found in religion, politics, economics, and culture.
True
False
________ is a set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another.
Discrimination
Racism
Prejudice
Assimilation
How is prejudice different from discrimination?
Prejudices can only be negative; discrimination can be either negative or positive.
Prejudices can only be negative; discrimination can be either negative or positive.
Prejudice requires the negatively affected group to be a minority group while discrimination does not.
Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an action.
________ is an action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of their membership in a racial or ethnic group.
Prejudice
Discrimination
Pluralism
Passing
How should all left-handed people in the United States be classified?
as a category
as a crowd
as an aggregate
as a group
