Vaginal balance is disrupted at the expense of Lactobacillus

Select all that are TRUE of Bacterial Vaginosis

Common causative agents of Bacterial Vaginosis:

Select the TRUE statement regarding Herpes infection

Reactivation of herpes infection can be caused by:

Virus establishes latency in sacral ganglia

•Viremia

•Lymphadenopathy

•Interferon, antibody and cell mediated immune response

Bacterial Vaginosis diagnosis criteria (3 of the 4 must be met, select the 4 possibilities)

„-Obligate intracellular bacterium

„-Can only reproduce within host cells

„-Unique two-part growth cycle

Not part of the normal urogenital tract microbiome

Trachoma-presents first as “pink eyes”. If left untreated, the infection causes eyelid to turn inward. The eyelashes rub on the eyeball, resulting in intense pain and scarring of the cornea. This ultimately leads to irreversible blindness, between 30-40 years of age

squamous-columnar and columnar epithelial cells are hosts

Humans only natural host

Aerobic, non-spore forming gram-negative diplococcal

Sites of Gonorrhea Infection, in women:

Sites of Gonorrhea Infection, in men:

What specific virus types confer a high-risk of cervical neoplasia?

most commonly associated with anogenital neoplasias

Non-enveloped, circular, ds DNA virus

Papillomavirus family

Treponema palladium

-transmitted through minor abrasions during sexual intercourse or extragenitally

-Systemic Disease

-Anaerobic bacterium

-Tight spiral shape, rotary motion

-Infects any organ or tissue

•Pili aid in attachment

•Columnar, transitional and stratified squamous cells

•Attach, invade, damage

-Basal cells of epithelium

-Transformation and proliferation

local invasion: Treponema pallidum multiplies in epithelium, producing granulomatous tissue reaction (chancre); lymph-containing microorganisms drain into adjacent lymph nodes and stimulate immune response

systemic disease: blood-borne bacteria spread to all major organ systems; immune system suppresses infection and symptoms regress spontaneously

silent infection: transmission of infection possible even though there are no clinical signs of infection

noninfectious disease: significant morbidity and mortality occur; destructive skin, bone, and soft tissue lesions, or gummas, result from severe hypersensitivity; cardiovascular complications (aneurysms, heart valve insufficiency, heart failure) and neurosyphilis develop

C. trachomatis invasive serovars of strains L1, L2, L3

-Penetrates skin and mucous membranes and spreads to lymphatic tissue

-Spread systemically to CNS

Permanent lymphatic dysfunction and genital disfigurement-elephantiasis of the genitalia.

Klebsiella granulomatis

Gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated rod

-Co-infected with syphillis

-Auto-inocculation and secondary infection

-Spread to bones, joints and liver

Multiply within vacuole of histiocytic cells or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Donovan bodies