The following are reasons for measuring characteristics of crimes and criminals, EXCEPT

These are used to gather information about attitudes, characteristics, or behavior of large group of persons.

This is a technique used in physical, biological, and social sciences. An investigator introduces to change into a process and makes measurements or observations in order to evaluate the effects of change.

This is an analysis of all pertinent aspects of one unit of study, such as an individual, an institution, a grouo, or a community.

hese are data about characteristics of crime and criminals used for crime prevention strategy and used by criminal justice professionals to gain deeper understanding of crime and society.

A usage of crime statistics tjat can be a tool in helping criminal justice professionals anticipate increased risk of crime.

A usage of criminal statistics that can be determine where or when police officers will patrol based on areas or times that see higher crime.

This is the number of crime incidents committed in a given area over a period of time that include the index and non-index crimes.

These are crimes that are serious in nature and that occur with sufficient in frequency and regularity, such that they can serve as an index to the crime situation.

The following are elements considering crimes as solved, EXCEPT

This is the percentage of cleared cases out of the total number of crime incidents handled by law enforcement agencies for a given period of time.

This refers to the process of conducting spatial analysis within crime analysis. It uses geographical information system to conduct Spatial analysis of crime problem and other police-related issues.

This map has different sizes or colors of features represents particular values of variables.

This map allows crime analyst to display several values within a particular variable at the same time.

This map in which analyst use point data to shade surfaces that are not limited to area boundaries.

This defined as a significant change in thr nature of selected crime types within defined geographical area and time period.

This is the subfield of criminology that deals purely on the underlying factors of victimization and the contributory role of victims in the commission of crimes.

He described the importance of investigating the underlying factors why certain people become victims.

It means that a criminal would be punished because he or she desreved it, and the punishment would be equal to the harm caused.

Known as the "Father of Victimology"

He believed that the people have a functional responsibility not to provoke other into victimizing or harming them and that they also should actively attempt to prevent it.

The first person to empirically investigate victim precipitation in his classic study of homicides and to see the extent of how victims precipitated their own deaths.

This is a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime or the one who suffers the consequences of a crime.

This theory has its basic premise that by acting in certain provocative ways, some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their deaths.

Under victim precipitation theory, this occurs when victim are provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attacks first.

According to this theory, victims do not encourage crime bur are victim prone because they reside in socially disorganized high-crime areas where they have greatest risk of coming contact with criminal.

These hold that a behavior emerges in a predictable sequence and unfolds at roughly the same age for all individuals and the cause of such behaviors are established early in life.

These theories of criminal behavior emphasize subjective life experiences, such as the development of one's identity, cognitive and emotional processes, and the capacity to make choices.

This theory expalins behavior as a complex interaction among biological, psycological, interpersobal, and explanatory framework is insufficient.

The goal under this is to make the offender and the victim whole again by imposing fines, restitution, and community service.

This refers to a detainee, inmate or prisoner, or other pwrson under confinement or cutody in any other manner.

This refers to a person confined in jails/prisons to serve his/her sentence or for safekeeping and is officially called PDL

These are reasonably trusted to serve their penalty under less restricted conditions.

A classification of prisoner who is sentenced to a prison term od six months and one day to three years

The following are classifications of detainees, EXCEPT

Those who have been involved in a highly controversial crime and became prominent for being politician, government official, etc

Those who are considered highly dangerous and who require a greater degree of security, control, and supervision because of their deemed capability of escape and of being rescued and tgeir ability to launch or spearhead acts of violence inside the jail.

They are typically in possession of critical intelligence, data, or authority marked as an objective for a mission and which a commander requires for the successful completion of the same.

They adopt or advocates principles or policies tending to overthrow or undermine an established government.

The following are main approaches that can be explain in justifying punishment, EXCEPT

The belief that criminals deserve to be pusnished as repayment for their misdeeds is one of the reactions to wrong doing.

This is a multidisciplinary subject that aims to study and evaluate the application of penal sanctions to wrongdoers.

This law made use of the term lex talionis which means that the offended party can seek equal retaliation.

This was practiced during the ancient times where an offender was forced to leave hi/her home and the community, either permanently or for a fixed period of time.

This explains crine are based on the mind and its mental processes.

Sigmund Freud taught that there are three mental processes, which of the following is NOT included

He stated that criminal behavior results from significant differential association with valued aources who accept criminal behavior as a valid alternative.

The book of Edwin Sutherland in which the key element of this theory is that crimknal behavior is learned.

He developed another popular theory known as "strain theory" which stated that all oersons are reaching for goals of success.

They argued that in order to establish the causes of crime, one must understand human nature, which is influenced at least in part by physique, intelligence, and personality.

This is a set of strategies and measures that aim to reduce the risk of the occurrence of crime and their potential harmful effects to an individual and the general public.

This is the means of imposing something to a person in response to his/her unwanted, immoral, or disobedient behavior being displayed.

Their work consists of the prevention and control of crimes and effecting the arrest of offenders, including the conduct of lawful searches and seizures.

Their principal task is the investigation of criminal complaints emanating from the community and the law enforcement agencies.

Their goal is not merely to adjudicate cases but to do so in accordance with the rule of law and without sacrificing the quality of justice.

This is the machinery the government uses for maintaining peace, preventing crines, enforcement laws and apprehending and presecution of those who violate the law.

A classification of deterrence that describes the effect that punishment has when it serves as a public example or threat that deters people, other than the initial offender, from commotting similar crimes.

This refers to the act that ensure the public that releasednational inmates are no longer harmful to the community by becoming reformed indoviduals prepared to live normal and productive.

It is a victim-oriented approach to crime that emohasizes restitution for victims, rather that focus on the punishment of criminals.