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WorksheetsImmunity and Lymphatic Systems 2 (LUIS QUIZ)
Total questions: 37
Worksheet time: 27mins
_________ is the fluid between cells of a tissue.
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular Fluid
Hydrostatic Pressure Fluid
Semen
•_____ is a fluid that flows in blood vessels in tissue. A blood vessel is as close as two cell widths in every tissue.
•______ is a fluid that absorbs substances in the interstitial space and recycles them into the circulation, like protein.
Blood; Lymph
Lymph; Blood
Water; Urine
Semen; Sperm
•Lymphatic tissue is specialized connective tissue that contains
lymphocytes
hepatocytes
myocytes
cuticytes
m
•Lymph
–clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma
•Lymph is like blood in the vascular system
•This fluid flows within a lymphatic vessel
•Lymphatic vessels are vein-like, have valves and go along the course with arteries and veins
•Lymphatic vessels permits interstitial fluid to flow in and out
•The flow- Lymphatic capillaries to:
•Lymphatic vessels to:
•Lymph nodes.
•So lymphatic vessels, unlike blood circulation, don’t have arteries but start with capillaries.
Prevent Backflow
Allow Backflow
Fancy Like Iggy Azalea
•Right lymphatic duct to Right subclavian
Left lymphatic duct to Right subclavian
Right lymphatic duct to Left subclavian
Label 1
4 Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
•1.) Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels and 1. ______ (“Heart for the lymph”)
•2.) Flow aided by 2.______
•3.) Thoracic pump aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
–Valves prevent 3. _____flow
•4.) Rapidly flowing bloodstream in 4._________, draws lymph into it
Exercise significantly 5._______ lymphatic return
Cisterna Chyli
skeletal muscle pump
backward
subclavian veins
Increases
Label 2
4 Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
•1.) Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels and 1. ______ (“Heart for the lymph”)
•2.) Flow aided by 2.______
•3.) Thoracic pump aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
–Valves prevent 3. _____flow
•4.) Rapidly flowing bloodstream in 4._________, draws lymph into it
Exercise significantly 5._______ lymphatic return
Cisterna Chyli
skeletal muscle pump
backward
subclavian veins
Increases
Label 3
4 Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
•1.) Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels and 1. ______ (“Heart for the lymph”)
•2.) Flow aided by 2.______
•3.) Thoracic pump aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
–Valves prevent 3. _____flow
•4.) Rapidly flowing bloodstream in 4._________, draws lymph into it
Exercise significantly 5._______ lymphatic return
Cisterna Chyli
skeletal muscle pump
backward
subclavian veins
Increases
Label 4
4 Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
•1.) Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels and 1. ______ (“Heart for the lymph”)
•2.) Flow aided by 2.______
•3.) Thoracic pump aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
–Valves prevent 3. _____flow
•4.) Rapidly flowing bloodstream in 4._________, draws lymph into it
Exercise significantly 5._______ lymphatic return
Cisterna Chyli
skeletal muscle pump
backward
subclavian veins
Increases
Label 5
4 Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
•1.) Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels and 1. ______ (“Heart for the lymph”)
•2.) Flow aided by 2.______
•3.) Thoracic pump aids flow from abdominal to thoracic cavity
–Valves prevent 3. _____flow
•4.) Rapidly flowing bloodstream in 4._________, draws lymph into it
Exercise significantly 5._______ lymphatic return
Cisterna Chyli
skeletal muscle pump
backward
subclavian veins
Increases
Label 1
•T lymphocytes
–Mature in 1.____
•2._________
–Mature in Bone marrow
•Secondary lymphatic organs- sites where the B and T cells carry out the immune response
–3. _____
–4.____
Thymus
B lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Label 2
•T lymphocytes
–Mature in 1.____
•2._________
–Mature in Bone marrow
•Secondary lymphatic organs- sites where the B and T cells carry out the immune response
–3. _____
–4.____
Thymus
B lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Label 3 and 4
•T lymphocytes
–Mature in 1.____
•2._________
–Mature in Bone marrow
•Secondary lymphatic organs- sites where the B and T cells carry out the immune response
–3. _____
–4.____
Thymus
B lymphocytes
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Name the lymphatic organ by location
–inferior to diaphragm on the left
thymus
spleen
tonsils
•Collective term for all lymph node diseases
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenitis
–swollen, painful node responding to foreign antigen
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenitis
•Lymph nodes are common sites for metastatic cancer and present with:
–swollen, firm and usually painless
metastatic cancer
Prostatitis
Thyroid Gland
•Appendix- Lymphoid tissue that assists in ______ _________
Immune function of the intestine also site of B cell development along with bone marrow!
Immune function of the Brain also site of B cell development along with bone marrow!
•Research shows that tonsillectomy is related to
respiratory problems
digestive problems
Reproductive problems
•Resistance- your body’s ability to ward off disease
–Two Types:
–1.) Nonspecific
•General defense such as skin, mucous membranes, acidity of the stomach
–2.) Specific (also called Immunity)
•Specific defense, produces specific cells (lymphocytes) that combat particular bugs
•results from prior exposure, protects against only a particular pathogen
•immune system
•Immediate protection against a wide range of pathogens, general not a specific response
•External resistance to disease- passive defense (Barrier- like castle walls, moat- flow)
–Barrier: the skin
•toughness of keratin
•dry and nutrient-poor
•defensins: peptides, from neutrophils attack microbes
•lactic acid (acid mantle) is a component of perspiration barrier
–Barrier: gastrointestinal barrier
•Leaky gut syndrome is a break in this barrier
–Flow: mucous
•stickiness of mucus
•lysozyme: enzyme destroys bacterial cell wall
–Flow: cilia, tears, saliva, urine, defecation, vomit, diarrhea, sebum, perspiration, gastric juice, vaginal secretions
•are lymphocytes that kill microbes and tumor cells
–It can mess with the membrane of the bug causing cytolysis or it can bind to the cell and never get off it’s back
Natural Killer Cells
Eosinophils
macrophages
•Phagocytes- ingest microbes by 5 processes:
–Chemotaxis- chemical from infection attract phagocytes
–Adherence- jumps on the bugs back
–Ingestion- pseudopods “hug” the bug
–Digestion- from enzymes and lethal oxidants,
–Killing
•The cells that develop immunocompetence, the ability to carry out an immune response are
AB and T cells.
B and T cells.
B and CT cells.
CCT cells.
•The cells that develop immunocompetence, the ability to carry out an immune response are B and T cells.
•Both start mostly in the bone marrow, Bs mature in the bone marrow but Ts leave home and go to the thymus to mature
•Both cells acquire antigen receptors that can detect antigens.
•A hallmark of the immune response is memory, this memory is for the antigen that triggered the response in the past
•Long lasting antibodies “embody” this memory
•When you recover from an infection without taking antibiotic drugs, if at a later time you are infected again by the same bug the response will be swift, so swift that you may not know you were infected
•Vaccination work on the theory that man can induce immunological memory this is called: artificial active immunity
•Excessive immune reaction against antigens that most people can tolerate called allergens
•________- Acute (most common)
–anaphylaxis: IgE (allErgy) mediated, mucus hypersecretion, congestion; hives, watery eyes, runny nose
Hypersensitivity
Undersensitivity
Exaggeration
•most common chronic illness in children)
–inhaled allergens, bronchiole constriction
Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
bronchiolar constriction, dyspnea, vasodilation, shock, death; treatment- epinephrine
Asthma
•Anaphylactic shock
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
–hereditary lack of T and B cells
–vulnerability to opportunistic infection
•Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Agammaglobulinemia
Sickle cell disease
DiGeorge Syndrome
–HIV structure
–invades helper T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells by “tricking” them to internalize viruses by receptor mediated endocytosis
–reverse transcriptase (retrovirus), uses viral RNA as template to synthesize DNA, new DNA inserted into host cell DNA, may be dormant for months to years
AIDS
HSV
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
•Signs and symptoms
–early symptoms: flulike chills and fever
–progresses to night sweats, fatigue, headache, extreme weight loss, lymphadenitis
–normal T cell count is 600 to 1,200 of blood but in _____ it is < 200
–thrush: white patches on mucous membranes may appear
–Kaposi sarcoma: cancer originates in endothelial cells of blood vessels causes purple lesions in skin
AIDS
HSV
HBV
HCV
HIV Transmission
•Through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, or across the placenta
•Most common means of transmission
–sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, oral)
–contaminated blood products
–contaminated needles
•Not transmitted by casual contact
•Undamaged latex condom is an effective barrier to HIV especially with the spermicide nonoxynol-9
•Maintains fluid balance
•Protect body from infection and disease
Lymphatic/Immune System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Gastrointestinal System
