Having to do with an organism's physical processes.

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

A stimulus that weakens a response when it is presented after the response

A conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world

Changing a schema.

A change in an organism's environment that causes the organism to react.

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

Adding to a current schema to incorporate new information.

According to Vygotsky: The gap between what a child is already able to do and what he or she is not yet capable of doing without help

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

The knowledge that an object exists even when it's not in view.

Ability to recognize that objects can be transformed in some way, visually or phycially, yet still be the same in number, weight, substance, or volume

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

Vygotsky's term for someone who helps a child learn a new concept by working with that child in his/her zone of proximal development.

Belief that inanimate objects have feelings such as a stuffed animal or doll

Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance