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WorksheetsPraxis Practice Session 2
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
What does a hypothesis provide in a scientific investigation?
A scientific question that can be answered through existing literature
A summary of prior studies related to the investigation topic
An outline of the approach to be used in the investigation
A proposed explanation for the phenomena being studied
Before using a pH meter in measuring the pH of a water sample, what must a scientist do to ensure that the reading is accurate?
Warm the pH water
Calibrate first the meter
Filter the sample to remove any organic matter
Place the sample in a sealed container and refrigerate it
When does the condensation in the atmosphere occur?
After a rapid increase in the concentration of water vapor in the clouds
When there are microscopic particles in the atmosphere
When the relative humidity is slightly 100 percent
When there are significant contrasts in temperature across the regions
Systematic error is a consistent and repeatable error associated with faulty equipment or a flawed experiment design
Incorrectly calibrated or incorrectly used measuring instruments are the main source of systematic errors
Systematic errors lead to unpredictable fluctuations around the true value due to the problems with the calibration of the equipment
If systematic errors are proportional to the true measurement, then it is called as Scale Factor Errors
Random errors produce different values in random directions but systematic errors are consistently in the same direction
Multiple strainmeters were set up on either side of an active strike=slip fault to determine how the bedrock deforms before minor earthquakes. The collected deformation data was correlated with seismograms for the area from the same period to help the scientists to learn id there are patterns in the deformation data that consistently precede minor earthquakes on the fault.
Land surface's movement caused by minor earthquakes
Different seismic waves observed in minor earthquakes
Bedrock deformation before minor earthquakes
The intensity of the minor earthquakes for every fault activity
What type of bond is responsible for water tension and the formation of water drops?
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Nuclear Bond
Hydrogen Bond
It is the second most abundant element found in the Earth's crust.
It has 4 electrons to share in chemical bonding, and thus can form long strings of atoms.
It is used as a semiconductor of electricity
Which of the following is the nonmetallic chemical element that is given above?
Carbon
Magnesium
Silicon
Hydrogen
The USGS installs seismographs near a dormant volcano to detect the increase in tremors that might indicate a coming eruption.
What other actions would be most useful in providing information for predicting an eruption of the volcano?
Surveying the vicinity of the volcano for a possible development of sinkholes.
Detecting any possible slight changes in elevation of the land surrounding the volcano through installing tiltmeters.
Keeping a record of the daily variations in the humidity of the air in the vicinity of the volcano
Detecting any possible increase in acidity through monitoring the pH level of rainfall in the area.
A chart shows the amount of rain each month in a region
What does the expression given above mean for a scientist?
Variables
Inferences
Data
Conclusions
A controlled experiment is a scientific test that is directly manipulated by a scientist.
Which of the following is a controlled experiment designed for?
Data
Hypothesis
Conclusion
Measurement
Which of the following is not one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?
All planets move about the Sun in elliptical orbits, having the Sun as one of the foci.
Planets move on elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus
An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun.
A researcher is analyzing a data collected for studying climate change.
In what way will the analysis become bias?
When the researcher notes the flaws in the research design that may have produced data
When the researcher removes data that significantly differ from expected results
When the researcher alters the graphical presentation of the data set to make it clearer
When the researcher summarizes the daily data in a weekly average
In the hydrologic cycle, water molecules absorb energy during which of the following process?
During the formation of ice to form water
In the formation of a cloud from water vapor
The runoff along the land surface
The evaporation above the surface of the ocean
Dr. Morris suspects that the data he is collecting from an experiment may have a random error
Which of the following is the best thing that Dr. Morris can do?
Identify any factors that could have caused the error and repeat the experiment to check the consistency of the data
Show the results of the study to his expert colleagues to check for careless errors.
Change the hypothesis and begin the experimental process again adhering to the steps of the scientific method
Recalibrate the instrument used in data measurement and perform the experiment once more
The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions
Which of the following is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method?
Asking a question, making a hypothesis, testing a hypothesis, drawing conclusions and analyzing results
Asking a question, making a hypothesis, testing a hypothesis, analyzing results and drawing conclusions
Making a hypothesis, testing a hypothesis, analyzing results, Asking a question and drawing conclusions
In an observational study researchers simply collect data based on what is seen and heard and infer based on the data they collected./
Which of the following about observational study is not correct?
The researcher has no control over the variables in an observational study.
There are no independent and dependent variables in an observational study
In an observational study researchers always interfere with the subjects or variables
Two things are important in an observational study; the variables are observed and the data is collected through observation
A controlled experiment is a scientific test done under controlled conditions. only one factor is changed at a time, while all others are kept constant.
Which of the following conclusion is true for a controlled experiment?
The conclusion must show that the data support the hypothesis
The conclusion must show that the hypothesis was incorrect.
The conclusion must be reached for every experiment
The conclusion must relate the data to the hypothesis
Which of the following about the scientists is not correct?
Galileo Galilei is best known for describing the laws of planetary motions
Sir Charles Lyell is best known for uniformitarianism, the idea that geological change is a prolonged process
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who, in 1925, was the first to demonstrate the existence of other galaxies besides the Milky Way
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who proposed the heliocentric solar system, in which the sun, rather than the Earth, is the center of the solar system
Which of the following is the description of loudness in an acoustic wave?
The rate of vibration
The period of wavelengths
The magnitude of pressure variations
The number of cycles per second
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles whose only interactions are perfectly elastic collisions.
For an ideal gas when all other conditions are constant which of the following variables are inversely proportional?
Pressure and Temperature
Pressure and the number of moles
Pressure and volume
No two variables are inversely proportional
Mr. Fleming collects temperature data for the past 50 years from the Midwest. The data show a steady increase in daytime summer temperatures
How can Mr. Fleming use these data to make predictions about how the average temperatures may increase in the following years?
Make a graphical presentation of the data, showing the line of best fit into the coming years
Calculate the range of the data set and assume any future increases will be within that range
Calculate the probable temperature for the coming year by adding the median of the data set and the average calculated temperature for each coming year
Calculate the total change over time in the data set and use it in determining the minimum increase in the future
Mr. Gregor is collecting data on the orientation of a limestone layer exposed along a highway to investigate the geologic history of a region
What information should Mr. Gregor include in reporting the orientation of the limestone layer?
The depth at which the limestone was excavated
The angle at which the limestone was found
The degree of measurements showing the strike and dip of the bedding plane of the limestone
The changes in the dimensions of the limestone
A bar magnet was placed at the bottom of a paper. The iron filings that were previously scattered onto the paper, became aligned along the magnetic field lines similar to the image above
Which of the following causes this behavior of iron filings?
The magnetic field of the Earth attracts the filings
The filings are magnetized by the magnetic field
The filings are repelled by the induced electric field
The magnetic field ionizes the filings
What is the primary reason why mathematics is assumed to be the language of science?
It has no cultural bias associated with its practice
It describes predictable and testable relationships
It reduces the uncertainty associated with chaotic systems
It relies on the same processes as science
Which of the following does an element's atomic number tell?
The number of electrons
The number of protons
Total number of protons and neutrons
Total number of electrons and protons
A pond has become choked with weeds. To determine the actual dissolved oxygen content of the pond, a hydrologist is collecting water samples.
Which sample collection method should the hydrologist use to most closely reflect the actual dissolved oxygen content of the pond water?
Collecting water samples from below the pond's surface in various locations, filling and then sealing the containers rapidly and recording the locations.
Collecting water samples from the pond's surface near the outlet where water is moving rapidly, and few weeds are growing.
Collecting the water sample from near the pond's inlet and avoid including any organisms or debris that may be in the water.
Collecting the water sample from near the bottom, making sure to leave some air space in the container and including some of the organic matter found in the pond.
Which of the following will the scientists need, in addition to a balance and a ruler, to determine the magnitude of the unbalanced force acting on an object as it falls?
Digital Timer
Steel Protractor
Spring Scale
100mL graduated cylinder
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen.
How is it possible to conclude that eutrophication of bodies of water has occurred?
By testing for the level of water acidity
By having greater species diversity in the water massive algae blooms
By having a vibrant, productive aquatic ecosystem
By having massive algae blooms
What must a scientist do to isolate the relationship between two variables in an experiment?
Make sure to experiment in a laboratory
Identify the scope of the investigation
Make sure to control the conditions that can alter the experiment
Make predictions of the full range of the experiment's possible outcomes
Which of the following is not one of Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion?
The moon passes through the earth's shadow
The moon passes through the sun's shadow
Earth passes through the moon's shadow
Earth passes through the sun's shadow
In a closed electric circuit, which of the following copper wires has the smallest resistance?
Long wire with a large diameter
Long wire with a small diameter
Short wire with a large diameter
Short wire with a small diameter
The carbon cycle occurs in the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere.
Which of the following events describes one step in the movement of carbon from the atmosphere to the lithosphere?
Carbonic acid is produced from limestone during weathering
Bicarbonate ions are extracted from seawater during coral reef formation
Carbon dioxide is formed during coral reef formation
Atomic carbon is absorbed in seawater by deep-ocean sediments
Which of the following protects Earth from harmful charged particles coming from outer space?
Earth's magnetic field
Chemical reaction from gases
Ozone Layer
Density of atmosphere
Which of the following skills do you use when you see that the sky is cloudy?
Making observations
Drawing conclusions
Making inference
Posing a question
Which of the following about the vapor pressure of the liquid is true when a liquid is at its boiling point?
It is greater than the external pressure on the liquid
It is equal to the external pressure on the liquid
It is less than the external pressure on the liquid
It can be easier less or greater than th external pressure on the liquid
Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how to develop vaccine for Corona virus.
Which of the following should other researchers do?
They should design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis
They should reject the hypothesis right away
They should assume that the hypothesis is true
They should change the hypothesis is true
Which of the following measures would be least likely affected by the limitation in the recording equipment which records air temperature higher than 100 F as being equal to 100 F?
Mode
Median
Range
Mean
Due to which of the following an enormous amount of energy is released in an atomic explosion?
The result of the conversion of chemical energy into nuclear energy
The result of the conversions of neutrons into protons
The result of the conversion of mechanical energy into nuclear energy
The result of the conversion of mass into energy
If an unbalanced force acts on an object, then the object will begin to accelerate.
Which of the following law explains this situation?
Kepler's Laws of Motion
Newton's 1st Law
Newton's 2nd Law
Newton's 3rd Law
Which of the following wave components is necessary to determine the distance of the earthquake from the station where primary and secondary seismic waves arrived?
Wavelengths
Arrival times
Frequencies
Horizontal or vertical displacement
Which of the following statements best describes the chemical makeup of a saltwater solution?
Uniform distribution of individual sodium and chloride ions among water molecules
Water molecules surrounding clusters of sodium and chloride crystals
Water molecules surrounding clusters of sodium chloride molecules
Uniform of distribution of individual molecules of sodium chloride among the water molecules
In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are more attached to one of the atoms than the other. The shared electrons are more likely to be near the atom whose electronegativity is higher.
Between which of the following elements the polarity of the covalent bonds would be greatest?
In the same column of the periodic table farthest from each other
In the same row of the periodic table farthest from each other
In the same row of the periodic table adjacent to each other
In the same column of the periodic table adjacent to each other
In the cycle of carbon in the Earth's ecosystems, carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthetic organisms to form organic nutrients and is ultimately restored to the inorganic state by respiration, protoplasmic decay, or combustion.
Which of the following is not true of the carbon cycle?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is fixed by glycosylation
10% of all available carbon (C) is in the air
Pants fix carbon (C) in the form of glucose
Animals release carbon through respiration
In which of the following situations would professional scientific journals be most likely to reject an article for publication?
If an explanatory theory does not accompany the results
When the results contradict the findings of previous investigations
When the article lacks information about the methods used in the study
If the research is not based on the analysis of quantitative data
Which of the following questions would provide the best foundation for a climatologist who is investigating the causes of an extended drought in a particular region?
How long did other droughts in the region last?
What variables affect the region's precipitation during droughts?
How could the drought conditions in the region best be managed?
Why do droughts strike only in specific regions and not in others?
Which of the following scientific concepts was debunked by Einstein's Theory of Relativity?
Bohr's atomic model
Law of Conservation of Matter
Duality of Nature
Law of Inertia
What form of energy is stored in a battery in which the terminals are in contact with the rotating loops of wire that can be found in a turbine that uses wind power?
Mechanical energy
Chemical energy
Solar energy
Thermal energy
Which of the following is the most important thing a scientist should do to demonstrate to the scientific community that her discovery is legitimate?
Call for a press conference and announce her speech
Repeat the experiment in the presence of neutral observers
Provide verifiable evidence to support her claim
Explain the mechanism involved in her discovery
Which of the following activities is the best example of the practice of science as an inquiry?
Determining which objects float upon placing different objects in a tank of water.
Identifying the materials needed to build a terrarium
Determining how long a trip will take by assessing the road conditions
Following directions in construct an electric motor
Which of the following phenomena is exhibited above when the white light passes through the prism?
Dispersion
Superposition
Diffusion
Reflection
The functions of proteins are based on their three-dimensional structures. Which of the following determines the function of proteins?
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Competitive inhibition is the interruption of a chemical reaction when an inhibitor inhibits another substance by competing with it to bind to the enzyme's active site.
Which of the following is true about competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibitors mimic the substrate
Competitive inhibition can be overcome simply by adding more substrate into the reaction
All of the above
The inhibitor binds at the active site of the enzyme and blocks the substrate from accessing it.
Organic molecules are complex molecules primarily made up of carbon atoms bonded with other elements. Which of the following is true for organic molecules?
They include protein and DNA
They contain iron and nickel bonds
They contain argon and hydrogen bonds
they contain carbon and hydrogen bonds
Which of the following about the mitochondrion is not correct?
Prokaryotic cells are less structured than eukaryotic cells. Thus they contain fewer mitochondria compared to the eukaryotes
Muscle cells contains a lot of mitochondria because they need more energy compared to other cells
It is capable of using glucose and oxygen to produce energy. It produces large amounts of energy through oxidative phosphorylation of organic molecules during cellular respiration
The cristaw is the space formed by infoldings of the inner membrane. They expand the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane, enhancing its ability to produce ATP.
The Central Dogma of molecular biology describes the genetic flow of information within a biological system.
Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma?
DNA makes Protein
RNA makes protein
DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein
RNA makes DNA, and DNA makes protein
Plant and animal cells both have similar structures. Which of the following is not a common structure between all types of cells?
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Protein synthesis is a two-step process in which cells make proteins. Protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane.
Which of the following summarizes the protein's pathway in the cell?
SER to Vesicle to Plasma Membrane
RER to Vesicle to Golgi Apparatus to Plasma membrane
RER to Golgi Apparatus to Vesicle to Plasma membrane
SER to Golgi Apparatus to Vesicle to Plasma membrane
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Which of the following explains the reason why diffusion stops?
When the amount of the substance is equal in both areas
When the molecules of a substance are not moving anymore
When the concentration of the substance is equal in both areas
When the molecules of a substance move only in one direction
Sugar is a compound that is soluble in water. Which of the following organic functional groups makes sugar soluble in water?
Amino
Carbonyl
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Which of the following statements best summarizes the fundamental concept of the cell theory?
Each cell has its own DNA and RNA
Living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
To maintain health, living organisms rely on specialized cells.
Cells break down of molecules to produce energy
Which of the following is the environment that has a higher concentration of solutes outside the plasma membrane than inside the plasma membrane?
Prolific
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium (donor of the genetic material) transfer genetic material to another (recipient) through direct contact. Why is the process of conjugation important in the bacterial life cycle?
Because it allows a bacterium to make an exact duplicate of itself
Because it allows a bacterium to switch from being heterotrophic to autotrophic
Because in many cases, conjugation serves to transfer plasmids that carry antibiotic resistance genes.
Because it allows deleterious mutations in the genome of a bacterium to be corrected.
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants make food. It requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to be successfully performed. Which of the following gives the steps of photosynthesis in order?
Photosystem I, Photosystem II, Krebs cycle
Photosystem II, Photosystem I, Krebs cycle
Photosystem I, Photosystem II, Calvin cycle
Photosystem II, Photosystem I, Krebs cycle
What type of relationship exists between bacteria and humans?
The relationship of bacteria with humans is always parasitic
The relationship of bacteria with humans is always commensalism
All three types of relationships are found between bacteria and humans
Commensalism and parasitism are two types of relationships found between bacteria and humans
Aerobic respiration is a process that requires oxygen for the catabolism of nutrients to Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Energy. Which of the following are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration in order?
Photosystem I, Photosystem II, ETC
Photosystem II, Photosystem I, ETC
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC (Electron transport chain)
Glycolysis, ETC (Electron transport chain), citric acid cycle
Prokaryotes are singular-celled organisms while eukaryotes are multi-cellular organisms. Which of the following is a difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes are smaller than prokaryotes
Eukaryotes have a genetic material, but prokaryotes do not
Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, but prokaryotes do not
Prokaryotes have membrance-bound organelles, but eukaryotes do not.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of reflex?
It is inborn
It is acquired
It is inherited
It is automatic
Which of the following is not a function of skin?
Storage
Regulation of temperature
Protection
Sensation
A catabolic pathway is a system that produces chemical energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones
Catabolic pathways are exergonic reactions
Catabolic pathways work together with anabolic pathways
Hydrolysis reactions are mainly involved in breaking bonds by using water
All of the above
Endergonic and exergonic reactions are defined according to the change in Gibbs free energy. Photosynthesis is an example of endergonic reactions. Which of the following is true about an endergonic reaction?
Free energy is released
The reactants have less free energy than the products
the reactants have more free energy than the products
The reactants and the products have an equal amount of energy.
Celluar respiration is the process through which cells obtain energy from nutrients. Which of the following process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Chemiosmosis
All of the above
Which of the following is true about these nucleic acids?
DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil
DNA has a double helix structure, but unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose
All of the above
Which of the following can cause the denaturation of protein?
Changes in pH
Changes in salinity
Changes in temperature
All of the above
The digestive tract is the body's biological system through which foods and liquids pass until they exit the body. It starts from the mouth and ends in the anus.
Which of the following is true about the movement of food through the digestive tract?
It is a series of wave-like muscle contractions
It is the peristaltic movement of smooth muscles
It involves the relaxation of circular smooth muscles
All of the above
What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation?
Aerobic respiration is much faster than fermentation
Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide more than fermentation
Fermentations only takes place in prokaryotes, and aerobic respiration only takes place in eukaryotes
Aerobic processes produce up to 38 ATP per glucose, but fermentation processes yield only 2 ATP per glucose
