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ENDOCRINE EXAM 1 CORSO EASY GEN

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A molecule created following the activation of a receptor by a hormone, neurotransmitter or drug

a)

Second messenger

b)

First messenger

c)

Substrate

d)

Receptor

2.

Commonly a hormone or a neurotransmitter

a)

Second messenger

b)

First messenger

c)

Substrate

d)

Receptor

3.

A molecule that is transformed into a product by an enzyme

a)

Substrate

b)

Receptor

c)

Ligand

d)

Second messenger

4.

A molecule in a cell, usually a protein, that selectively binds to specific set of other molecules

a)

Substrate

b)

Ligand

c)

Receptor

d)

Signal Transduction

5.

A molecule that reversibly binds to a receptor

a)

First messenger

b)

Receptor

c)

Substrate

d)

Ligand

6.

Transmission of molecular signals from a cell's exterior to its interior

a)

Substrate

b)

Ligand

c)

Signal Transduction

d)

Receptor

7.

A chemical released by cell binds to receptors on the same cell that released this chemical. Commonly this is feedback inhibition.

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

endocrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

8.

A hormone is released in one organ and has receptors on an organ that is at a distance away from releasing cells

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

paracrine signaling

c)

endocrine signaling

9.

A chemical signal is released from one cell and binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, neurotransmission mostly uses this type of signaling.

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

paracrine signaling

c)

endocrine signaling

10.

Which of the following describes the image?

a)

nuclear signaling

b)

membrane signaling

c)

cytoplasmic signaling

11.

Which of the following describes the image?

a)

membrane signaling

b)

cytoplasmic signaling

c)

nuclear signaling

12.

Which of the following describes the image?

a)

nuclear signaling

b)

membrane signaling

c)

cytoplasmic signaling

13.

Which of the following are true about Steroid Hormones?

a)

they mostly bind to receptors on the outer surface of the cell

b)

they are mostly membrane soluble and pass into cells by simple diffusion

c)

they mostly bind to cytoplasmic receptors

d)

they mostly bind to receptors that translocation to the nucleus

14.

After a ligand binds, ions enter the cell

a)

Ionotropic receptors

b)

Metabotropic receptors

15.

After a ligand binds, new metabolites are created in the cell.

a)

Ionotropic receptors

b)

Metabotropic receptors

16.

Which of the following is the correct order in the image?

a)

1,2,3,4

b)

1,3,2,4

c)

1,4,3,2

d)

2,1,4,3

17.

Which of the following repolarizes the axon in a delayed fashion?

a)

volted gated potassium channels

b)

volted gated sodium channels

18.

Which of the following contain neurotransmitter to be released from the axon terminal in a voltage and calcium dependent manner

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

Metabotropic receptors

19.

Which of the following commonly creates second messengers inside of a post synaptic cell?

a)

Metabotropic receptors

b)

Ionotropic receptors

20.

Which of the following propagate the action potential down the length of an axon?

a)

Voltage gated sodium channels

b)

Voltage gated potassium channels

21.

Which of the followings is found at the terminal of an axon and is needed to cause a synapse?

a)

voltage gated calcium channels

b)

voltage gated sodium channels

22.

Which of the following maintain the the cell in a polarized state?

a)

Sodium-Potassium ATPase

b)

Calcium-Potassium ATPase

23.

Which of the following cause the initial depolarization in the post synaptic cell?

a)

Ionotropic receptors

b)

Metabotropic receptors

24.

N1 and N2 ligand gated channels are activated by _____________________ and cause the flow of mostly _____________________, _________________________ the cell.

a)

glutamate, calcium ions, into

b)

acetylcholine, sodium ions, into

25.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Glutamate? (Select all that apply)

a)

AMPA receptors

b)

Kainate receptors

c)

N1 receptors

d)

N2 receptors

e)

NMDA receptors

26.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Acetylcholine? (Select all that apply)

a)

5HT receptors

b)

NMDA receptors

c)

N1 receptors

d)

N2 receptors

27.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Serotonin?

a)

5HT receptors

b)

AMPA receptors

c)

Kainate receptors

d)

N1 receptors

28.

GABA-A- ligand gated channels are activated by _________ and cause the flow of ____________________, ________________ the cell.

a)

GABA, chloride ions, into

b)

GABA, potassium ions, into

29.

Which of the following are considered Ionotropic receptors ?

a)

GABA -A

b)

AMPA

c)

delta

d)

N1 receptor

e)

5HT3

30.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

GABA - A

b)

AMPA

31.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

GABA - A

b)

AMPA

32.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

delta

b)

N1 receptor

33.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

delta

b)

N1 receptor

34.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

5HT3

b)

N1 receptor

35.

Delta ligand gated channels are activated by ___________ and cause the flow of ___________________, _____________ the cell.

a)

enkephalin, calcium ions, into

b)

enkephalin, potassium ions, out of

36.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

Tetrodotoxin

b)

Vanadate

37.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

Nicotine

b)

Nexium

38.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

BOTOX

b)

Nexium

39.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

Vanadate

b)

Nexium

40.

Which of the following matches the image?

a)

Nexium

b)

Nicotine

41.

Which of the following is true about the cause of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

a)

loss of actetylcholine

b)

loss of acetylcholinesterase enzymes

c)

loss of post synaptic N1 receptors

d)

loss of voltage gated calcium channels

42.

Which of the following is the most common treatment for MG (Myasthenia Gravis)?

a)

BOTOX

b)

calcium channel blockers

c)

acetyl choline esterase inhibitors

d)

Nicotine

43.

Learn these steps!

a)

Know this

b)

Know this

44.

The half life of cAMP is increased by which of the following?

a)

BOTOX

b)

Caffeine

c)

Opioids

d)

Tetrodotoxin

45.

Protein kinase A is activated by which of the following molecules?

a)

cAMP

b)

cGMP

c)

DAG

d)

IP3

e)

PIP3

46.

What is PKA?

a)

a heme protein

b)

a serine and threonine kinase enzyme

c)

an antibody

d)

a structural protein

e)

a tyrosine kinase enzyme

47.

What is kinase?

a)

an antibody

b)

an enzyme that uses ATP to add a phosphate to a target protein

c)

a membrane pump

d)

a motor protein

e)

a structural protein

48.

Which of the following are considered G-protein?

a)

G-alpha-i

b)

G-alpha-s

c)

GTP

d)

cAMP

e)

phosphodiesterase

49.

Which of the following when activated inhibits adenylyl cyclase from producing cAMP?

a)

G-alpha-i

b)

G-alpha-s

50.

Which of the following when activated stimulates adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP?

a)

G-alpha-i

b)

G-alpha-s

51.

Which of the following activates Protein Kinase A (PKA)?

a)

cAMP

b)

GTP

52.

Which of the following degrades cAMP?

a)

phosphodiesterase

b)

cAMP

53.

Which of the following are Serotonin stimulatory receptors via cAMP?

a)

GABA-B

b)

5HT4, 6 and 7

54.

Which of the following are Acetylcholine excitatory ionotropic sodium channel receptors?

a)

N1 and N2

b)

5HT4, 6 and 7

55.

Which of the following is the GABA inhibitory ionotropic outward potassium channel receptors?

a)

GABA-B

b)

H3

56.

Which of the following are Inhibitory Dopamine G-alpha-i linked receptors?

a)

D2, D3 and D4

b)

m2 and m4

57.

Which of the following are the Inhibitory acetylcholine G-alpha-i linked receptors?

a)

m2 and m4

b)

N1 and N2

58.

Which of the following is the Histamine stimulatory receptors via cAMP?

a)

H2

b)

H3

59.

Which of the following is the Inhibitory Histamine g-alpha-i linked receptors?

a)

H3

b)

H2

60.

Which of the following is the Stimulatory Dopamine-G-alpha-s linked receptors?

a)

D1 and D5

b)

D2, D3 and D4

61.

Which of the following is the Stimulatory Adrenergic G-alpha-s linked receptors?

a)

Beta 1,2 and 3

b)

H2

62.

Which of the following is the Inhibitory Adrenergic G-alpha-i-linked receptors?

a)

alpha 2

b)

Beta 1,2 and 3

63.

Which of the following activates Protein Kinase A?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

64.

Which of the following activates Protein Kinase B?

a)

Glucagon

b)

Insulin

65.

Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen in mostly the liver and muscle. Insulin receptors activate _____________________, which stimulates a cascade leading to the synthesis of _________________. This second messenger activates the protein kinase ______________.

a)

trimetric G-alpha-s protein, cAMP, PKA

b)

tyrosine kiase receptor, PIP3, PKB

66.

Which of the following will leads to upregulation of Glut4 transporters on muscle and fat cells?

a)

increased blood insulin

b)

decreased blood insulin

67.

Which of the following will leads to downregulation of Glut4 transporters on muscle and fat cells?

a)

decreased blood insulin

b)

increased blood insulin

68.

Which of the following will leads to downregulation of beta receptors on muscle and fat cells?

a)

decreased blood epinephrine

b)

increased blood epinephrine

69.

Which of the following will leads to upregulation of beta receptors on muscle and fat cells?

a)

decreased blood epinephrine

b)

increased blood epinephrine

70.

Which of the following will leads to drug-induced upregulation of beta receptors on muscle and fat cells?

a)

decreased blood insulin

b)

treatment of a patient with beta blockers for an extended period of time

71.

Which of the following PIP3 activates ?

a)

PKC

b)

PKB

72.

Which of the following will cause the release of calcium from the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

a)

IP3

b)

PIP3

73.

Which of the following DAG and calcium acivates?

a)

PKB

b)

PKC

74.

Since DAG is important for cell division , turning on PKC when DAG is supposed to be low, would induce cell division when it should not be happening.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Glucagon receptor activation increases

a)

PIP3

b)

cAMP

76.

m1 receptor activation increases

a)

cAMP

b)

DAG, IP3 and Calcium

77.

Insulin receptor activation increase

a)

DAG, IP3 and Calcium

b)

PIP3

78.

Which of the following are activated by Epinephrine or Norepinephrine and activate G-alpha-s causing an increase of cAMP and then activating PKA?

a)

beta 1 receptors

b)

insulin receptors

c)

beta 2 receptors

d)

m2 and m4 receptors

79.

Which of the following receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors causing an increase of PIP3 and then activating PKB? (Select all that apply)

a)

Insulin receptors

b)

NMDA receptors

c)

NGF receptors

80.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Glutamate and Glycine and open inward sodium ion channels and then causing a depolarization?

a)

NMDA receptors

b)

NGF receptors

c)

Insulin receptors

81.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Acetylcholine and open inward sodium ion channels and then causing a depolarization? (Select all that apply)

a)

m1 receptors

b)

N1 receptors

c)

N2 receptors

d)

m2 receptors

82.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Serotonin or Acetylcholine and open inward sodium ion channels and then causing depolarization? (Select all that apply)

a)

m2 receptors

b)

N1 rerceptors

c)

N2 receptors

d)

5HT3 receptors

83.

Which of the following receptors are activated by Epinephrine or Norepinephrine and activate G-alpha-s causing an increase of cAMP and then activating PKA? (Select all that apply)

a)

D1 receptors

b)

beta 1 receptors

c)

D2 receptors

d)

beta 2 receptors

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