Phosphorous found in plant source feed ingredients is largely unavailable to pigs and chickens because

Which of the following is NOT found in fish oil?

A farmer is complaining that their dairy cows aren’t producing milk like they used to and that he’s had to replace the fence several times due to what seems to be bite marks on the posts. Which of the following would you see if you tested a blood sample?

You rush to a farm call after the farmer reports that he has a downer cow, but notice she's fairly alert though unable to stand. IV calcium doesn't seem to be helping. How will you treat her?

To some degree, all lactating dairy cows experience __________ shortly after parturition in an effort to maintain blood calcium.

Copper is a component of:

________ triggers estrus in a mare.

The milk provided to a nursing calf is low in iron and does not meet the body requirements. Where can the calf get iron to meet its needs?

A 12 year old thoroughbred horse is brought to your clinic. The owner complains the horse was slightly lame in the front left foot a few weeks ago, but now he's showing lameness in the right hind limb. He is generally kept in a box stall in a barn during the day to avoid the flies but let out to a small grass pasture all night. You observe the horse and note bulging over the maxilla on both sides of the head. You also note that the pasture has little grass in it - and the warm season grass is overgrazed. The animal is actually overweight so you ask the owner what is fed to the horse and learn he receives 6 lbs corn and 4 lbs oats in the morning and 6 lbs corn and 4 lbs oats again at night. No hay is fed during the grazing season. What is the most likely problem going on?

Absorption of iron across an intestinal epithelial cell (via ferroportin transporter) requires what other trace mineral?

A Bedlington terrier has just whelped. Her owner reports the dog is jaundiced and is urinating small amounts of dark urine. What is a likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding cyanogenic goitrogens?

“Goose stepping” due to nerve degeneration in pigs is a classic symptom of deficiency in which B Vitamin?

A poultry farmer notices that more of his broilers have been dying since he switched to a new feed. You perform a necropsy and most of the chickens exhibit a buildup of fluid around the breasts and wings and significant pancreatic fibrosis is observed. What is your plan to reduce mortality?

How does manganese deficiency present itself?

%NDF- %ADF = %hemicellulose

Frequently, thyroid glands are fed to pets in the form of rendered meat and bone meal. This has been thought to cause:

Vitamin K is a component in all but the following:

Warfarin works to reduce an epoxide reductase involved with which vitamin?

A client’s African Grey Parrot is presented with bumblefoot and moderate conjunctivitis and sinusitis. Its condition worsened 1-2 months after the owner switched to a lower quality, seed based diet to save money. What is your diagnosis?

The ol’ farmer accidentally fed his sheep some ol’ hay that has been in the back of the barn. The hay contains sweet clover from his nearby fields. The sheep start showing signs of hemorrhagic disease. Which vitamin is impacted here?

A lactating beef cow presents with signs of tetany in a dry lot. You learn that she has been fed a high-potassium forage diet. What likely caused this?

A deficiency in ________ can cause fatty liver?

A client brings an unusual patient in to see you - a red-eared slider turtle. The turtle is presenting with swollen eyelids, raw skin, and weight loss over the last several weeks. You determine that the turtle has Squamous Metaplasia of the orbital glands and ducts. What has caused this?

Which organ is primarily affected by increases or decreases of Iodine?

A herd of calves are presenting with painful joints and you are able to palpate their costochondral junctions. All of the calves seem to have stunted growth. What is the problem and what is most likely causing this?

A cow in lactation needs _________ iodine in its diet compared to a dry cow (to produce thyroid hormones for energy metabolism).

The name for the synthetic Vitamin K3 that is highly manufactured and used as a supplement in modern day diets is:

What is the major tocopherol found in animal tissues?

A farmer thinks it’s a good idea to add phytase to the diet of his beloved sheep so that they can “get the most” from their diet and grazing. Over time, more of his sheep are dying and asks you to investigate. What would you most likely see in a post-mortem?

Which Vit E racemer is more active?

If an animal lacks riboflavin in its diet, curled toe paralysis would be observed in poultry.

Why would alpha-tocopherol be prepared as acetate/succinate ester forms when added to a diet?

Which form of Chromium is toxic

Tocopherols are well absorbed fat soluble antioxidants.

A client rushes in with an emergency - their dog consumed rat poison! As you go through your examination, you note that the dog is entering acute renal failure. What type of rat poison did the dog ingest?

What is cobalt an integral part of?

A 4 month old alaskan husky/malamute comes into your clinic with lesions around the eyes and nose. The animal was fine when it was younger but theses lesions developed within the past week. The dog was being fed a general IAMS diet. What is wrong with the dog? (Hint: this is genetically related)

In monogastrics, signs of Cyanocobalamin deficiency include:

A dog is fed an all corn diet and develops black tongue, gets dermatitis, diarrhea, and ain’t actin’ right. In what is this dog deficient?

Copper is often:

A horse is fed a mostly all-grain diet and shows up to your clinic with equine uveitis. This can be caused by many imbalances, but the B vitamin involved is:

Chromium deficiency is linked to:

If a hen is deficient in _________, it may produce infertile eggs.

Recently, a herd that Dr. Goff works with has been experiencing an abnormally high number of milk fever cases. What would be the BEST way for the farm to resolve this issue?

The AAFCO product name "with beef" means:

What are natural sources of Cyanocobalamin?

Which of these is NOT a classical sign of Vitamin E deficiency?

DOD (Developmental Orthopedic Disease) in horses can be caused from:

An owner decides to feed his Quarter horse less grain and more alfalfa hay. He calls you as the vet because his horse’s third eyelid is prolapsed, he is sweating, and he appears to be twitching. You fear the horse may collapse and eventually become paralyzed because:

A diabetic dog or cat diet should include:

Developmental Orthopedic Disease (DOD) of large breed dogs can be caused by which of the following?

Chastek Paralysis is a disease associated with animals walking stiff-legged followed by spastic convulsions, paralysis, and eventually death. What causes it?

Which of the following electrolytes is not within normal blood levels?

A farmer lets his cattle out to graze in an old junkyard. A few of the cattle show up with blindness, colic, and generalized irritability. These cattle have toxic levels of what?

A cat is brought in for you to examine that is exhibiting pain when walking. On radiographic examination, you notice new periosteal bone formation extending up the tendon sheaths. The cat's diet includes a large proportion of liver. What could be the problem? (See book for more explanation, page 563)

Which of the following is NOT required to be listed on a pet food label?

Check all of the causes of laminitis:

These rats were fed raw egg diets, and began to have alopecia, scaly dermatitis, and achromotricia (lack of hair color). They have a deficiency in which vitamin?

Why do veal calves have white meat?

What is the main antioxidant of cell membranes?

Looking at the ingredients of a calf starter grain ration, which ingredient contains iron?

On a dry matter basis what is the actual iron need?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a _______

It is common for pigs raised in confinement with no access to soil/mud to receive an injection of copper at processing/birth

A dog comes into the clinic and had a bowl of pennies for breakfast. What’s does that cause?

Milk goiter in goats is caused by:

An owner finds some old guinea pig food hiding in the back of a shelf. He decides to feed it to his guinea pigs. He calls you a month later because his guinea pigs have lost weight and are weak, have foot sores, and have hemorrhages around joints. What is their likely problem?

A rancher in Colorado has called you out to inspect a young mare showing difficulty grazing. Upon inspection, you find that the mare has weak, notched teeth and signs of osteonecrosis. You note that the pasture is just downwind to an aluminum smelting plant. What trace mineral is causing the problem?

________ is the typical limiting amino acid of equines.

A horse is turned out to graze fields of old corn stalks (and moldy corn!). The horse becomes anorexic, blind, and is ataxic. This horse has what?

Your practice is located in an area where the soil is very rich in molybdenum. When you visit the herbivores in the area, you notice this symptom. Why is it occurring?

Adding phytase to a predominantly plant source diet for swine greatly increases the availability of which mineral?

Which amino acid is considered essential in the feline diet?

Which of these molecules is a gluconeogenic precurssor?

Corn and soybean meal are commonly used in monogastric animal feeds. Which of the following statements about the amino acid profiles of these feeds is correct?

You're called out to a dairy and one of the cows calved last night and is now unable to stand. Her ears are cool and she is very lethargic. Multiple cows are presenting with these symptoms. You decide it's time to assess the pre-calving diets. Which of the following statements is correct:

A 6 yo boa constrictor is presented to your clinic with lethargy. Radiographs show radiolucency of the vertebral column. The snake is kept in an aquarium in front of a window with ample sunlight, and is given a diet of cooked hamburger and hotdogs. What is your diagnosis?

Anti-inflammatory fats are being added to special diets for dogs with joint problems. Which statement best describes this strategy?

The addition of which dietary ingredient increases trans-fatty acids (pro-inflammatory) in pet foods?