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Plant biology midterm

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 1hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

the most recent common ancestor of all land plants was most similar to modern-day members of which group?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

red algae

c)

charophycae

d)

brown algae

e)

golden algae

2.

which of the following is characteristic of alternation of generation in land plants?

a)

haploid sporophytes make haploid spores

b)

gametophytes produces spores that develope into gametes

c)

sporophytes and gametophytes are typically similar in appearance

d)

meiosis in sporophytres produces haploid cells

e)

either the gametophytes or sporophytes is unicellular

3.

plant spores give rise directly to

a)

sporophytes

b)

gametes

c)

gametophytes

d)

sporophylls

e)

seeds

4.

the following are all true about life cycle of mosses except

a)

external water is required for fertilization

b)

flagellated sperm are produced

c)

antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes

d)

gametes are directly produced by meiosis

e)

gametophytes germinate from spores

5.

if a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite, then it...

a)

belongs to a species that is homosprorous

b)

must be diploid

c)

has lost the need for a sporophyte generation

d)

has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ

e)

is a mutant, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female

6.

which of these chracteristic is shared by algae and seed plants?

a)

embryo development within gametangia

b)

roots and shoots

c)

vascular tissue

d)

pollen

e)

chloroplasts

7.

which of the following is not common to phyla of vascular plants?

a)

the development of seeds

b)

alternation of generations

c)

dominance of diploid generation

d)

xylem and pholem

e)

the addition of lingnin to cell walls

8.

which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has sporophyte-dominant life cycle

a)

fern

b)

moss

c)

liverwort

d)

charophycean

e)

hornwort

9.

the products of meiosis in plants are always which of the following?

a)

spores

b)

eggs

c)

sperm

d)

seeds

e)

both B and C

10.

which of the following is NOT true concerning the sporophyte or gametophyte generations of flowering plants

a)

the flower is composed of gametophyte tissue only

b)

the sporophyte gen is dominant

c)

the sporophyte gen is what we see when looking at large plants

d)

the gametophyte is not phtosynthetic

e)

the gametophyte gen consists of relatively few cells within the flower

11.

which number represents the mature gametophyte

a)

1

b)

3

c)

5

d)

7

e)

11

12.

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs?

1. Sporophyte embryo

2. Female gametophyte

3. Egg cell

4. Megaspore

a)

4,3,2,1

b)

4,2,3,1

c)

4,1,2,3

d)

1,4,3,2

e)

1,4,2,3

13.

Which structure is common to both gymnosperms angiosperms

a)

male strobilus

b)

carpel

c)

ovule

d)

ovary

e)

anthers

14.

All of the following are sporophyte structures except

a)

immature ovules

b)

pollen tubes

c)

ovaries

d)

stamens

e)

sepals

15.

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

a)

by nourishing the plants that make them

b)

by facilitating dispersal of needs

c)

by attracting insects to the pollen inside

d)

by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat

e)

by producing triploid cells via double fertilization

16.

in onions (allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.

how many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus

a)

4

b)

8

c)

16

d)

24

e)

32

17.

which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit

a)

stigma

b)

style

c)

ovule

d)

ovary

e)

receptacle

18.

In the flowering pants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n)

a)

endosperm

b)

cotyledon

c)

fruit

d)

sporophyte

e)

seed coat

19.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except

a)

seeds

b)

pollen

c)

vascular tissue

d)

ovaries

e)

ovules

20.

what is label b

a)

flower

b)

embryos

c)

seeds

d)

vascular tissue

21.

All of the following are features of angiosperms except

a)

triploid endosperm

b)

an ovary that becomes fruit

c)

animal pollination

d)

a small (reduced) sporophyte

e)

double fertilization

22.

All of the following are primary functions of flowers except

a)

pollen production

b)

phtosynthesis

c)

meisosis

d)

egg production

e)

sexual production

23.

In flowering plants, pollen is released from the

a)

anther

b)

stigma

c)

carpel

d)

filament

e)

pollen tube

24.

Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule?

a)

an antheridium froms from the megasporophyte

b)

a megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis

c)

the egg nucleus is usually diploid

d)

a pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination

e)

the endosperm surrounds the megaspore mother cell

25.

In flowering plants, a mature male gametophyte contains

a)

two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain

b)

a generative cell and a tube cell

c)

two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus

d)

two haploid microspores

e)

a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall

26.

A fruit includes

a)

a) one or more seeds

b)

b) the ovary wall

c)

c) fleshy cells rich in sugar

d)

d) brightly coloured pigment to attract animal dispersers

e)

both a and b

27.

Fruits develop from

a)

microsporangia

b)

receptacles

c)

fertilized eggs

d)

ovaries

e)

ovules

28.

What is endosperm?

a)

the male portion of a flowering plant

b)

a food storing tissue of the seed

c)

the leaves that are part of the embryo

d)

the female portion of a flowering plant

e)

tissue that develops into a protective seed coat surrounding the embryo

29.

A plant that has small green petals is most likely to be

a)

bee-pollinated

b)

bird-pollinated

c)

bat-pollinated

d)

wind-pollinated

30.

Which part of the plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil

a)

taproot

b)

root hairs

c)

the thick parts of the root hairs near the base of the steam

d)

storage roots

e)

section of the root that have the secondary xylem

31.

Land plants are composed of all the following tissue types except

a)

mesodermal

b)

epidermal

c)

meristematic

d)

vascular

e)

ground tissue

32.

the fiber cells of plants are type of

a)

parenchyma

b)

sclerenchyma

c)

collenchyma

d)

meristematic cell

e)

pholem

33.

Which of the following is true about secondary growth in plants?

a)

flowering may have secondary growth

b)

secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves

c)

secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium

d)

primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of the plant

e)

plants with the secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in a ecosystem

34.

Which of the following root tissue gives rise to lateral roots

a)

endodermis

b)

pholem

c)

cortex

d)

epidermis

e)

pericycle

35.

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called

a)

hairs

b)

xylem cells

c)

pholem cells

d)

stomata

e)

sclereids

36.

The vascular system of a three-year-old eudicot stem consists of

a)

primary xylem

b)

secondary xylem

c)

secondary phloem

d)

mesophyll cells

e)

vascular cambium

37.

The vascular system of a three-year-old eudicot stem consists of

a)

3 rings of xylem and 3 of phloem

b)

2 rings of xylem and 2 of phloem

c)

2 rings of xylem and 1 of phloem

d)

2 rings of xylem and 3 of phloem

e)

3 rings of xylem and 1 of phloem

38.

-------- provides cells for primary growth

a)

lateral meristems

b)

apical meristems

c)

vascular cambium

d)

cork cambium

e)

xylem

39.

wood consists of

a)

bark

b)

periderm

c)

secondary xylem

d)

secondary phloem

e)

cork

40.

------ is to xylem as ------ is to phloem

a)

sclerenchyma cell; parenchyma cell

b)

apical meristem; vascular cambium

c)

vessel element; sieve-tube member

d)

cortex; pith

e)

vascular cambium; cork cambium

41.

the amount and direction of movement of water in plants can ALWAYS be predicted by measuring which of the following

a)

air pressure

b)

rainfall

c)

proton gradients

d)

dissolved solutes

e)

water potential

42.

The value for (ψ) in root tissue was found to be -0.15MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0,1M solution of sucrose (ψ=-0.23),net water flow would

a)

be from the tissue into the sucrose solution

b)

be from the sucrose solution into the tissue

c)

be in both directions and the concentrations would remain equal

d)

occur only as ATP was hydrolyzed in the tissue

e)

be impossible to determine from the vales given here

43.

root hairs are the most important to a plant because they

a)

anchor a plant in the soil

b)

store starches

c)

increase surface area for absorption

d)

provide habitat for nitrogen-fixing bacteria

e)

contain xylem tissue

44.

a water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. this living cell would be part of which structure

a)

a casparian strip

b)

a guard cell

c)

the root epidermis

d)

the endodermis

e)

the root cortex

45.

which one of the following has the lowest (most negative) water potential?

a)

soil

b)

root xylem

c)

trunk xylem

d)

leaf cell walls

e)

leaf air spaces

46.

which following statements is false concerning the xylem?

a)

xylem tracheid and vessels fulfill their vital function only after their death

b)

the cell walls of the tracheid's are greatly strengthened with cellulose fibrils forming thickened rings or spirals

c)

water molecules are transpired from the cells of the leaves, and replaced by water molecules in the xylem pulled up from the roots due to the cohesion of water molecules

d)

movement of materials is by the mass flow; materials move owing to a turgor pressure gradient from "source" to "sink"

e)

in the morning, sap in the xylem begins to move first in the twigs of the upper portion of the tree, and later in the lower trunk

47.

phloem transport of the sucrose can be described as the going from "source to sink". which of the following would NOT normally function as a sink

a)

growing leaf

b)

growing root

c)

storage organ in the summer

d)

mature leaf

e)

shoot tip

48.

arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem.


1. water diffuses into the sieve tubes

2. leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis

3. solutes are actively transported to sieve tubes

4. sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf

5. sugar moves down the stem

a)

2,1,4,3,5

b)

1,2,3,4,5

c)

2,4,3,1,5

d)

4,2,1,3,5

e)

2,4,1,3,5

49.

in the pressure flow hypothesis of translocation, what causes the pressure?

a)

root pressure

b)

the osmotic uptake of water by sieve tubes at the source

c)

the accumulations of minerals and water by the stele in the roots

d)

the osmotic uptake of water by the sieve tubes of the sink

e)

hydrostatic pressure in the xylem vessels

50.

in roots the _________ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _________ cells before entering the _________.

a)

casparian strips; ectoderm; xylem

b)

casparian strips; endodermis; xylem

c)

casparian strips; endodermis; phloem

d)

xylem; endodermis; casparian strip

e)

transpiration; endodermis; xylem

51.

which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin Cycle?

a)

CO2 and Glucose

b)

H2O and O2

c)

ADP, Pi, and NADP+

d)

electrons and H+

e)

ATP and NADPH

52.

where does the calvin cycle take place?

a)

stroma of the chloroplast

b)

thylakoid membrane

c)

cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast

d)

chlorophyll molecule

e)

outer membrane of the chloroplast

53.

which of the following statements about light reactions of photosynthesis are true?

a)

a) the splitting of water molecules providing a source of electrons

b)

b) chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons

c)

c) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation

d)

only A and C are true

e)

A,B, and C are true

54.

which of the following is (are) required in the Calvin Cycle

a)

CO2

b)

ATP

c)

RuBP

d)

A and B only

e)

A, B, and C

55.

which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

a)

a) it participates in Calvin Cycle

b)

b) it catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction

c)

c) it has an affinity of both O2 and Co2

d)

A and C are true

e)

A, B, and C are true

56.

why are C4 Plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent phtorespiration

a)

they do not participate in the Calvin Cycle

b)

they use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2

c)

they are adapted to cold, wet climates

d)

they conserve water more efficiently

e)

they exclude oxygen from their tissues

57.

after 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by

a)

NADP+

b)

ADP

c)

CO2

d)

NADPH

e)

ATP

58.

which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy?

a)

creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane

b)

carbon fixation in the stroma

c)

reduction of NADP+ molecules

d)

removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules

e)

ATP synthesis

59.

the step(s) between a plants perception of a change in the environment and the plants response to that change is (are) best called

a)

a mutation

b)

hormone production

c)

pH change

d)

signal transduction

e)

an "all-or-none" response

60.

which of the following are defense that some plants use against herbivory?

a)

production of the unusual amino acid canavanine

b)

release of volatile compounds that attract parasitoid wasps

c)

association of plant tissues with mycorrhizae

d)

A and B only

e)

A, B, and C

61.

if you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of miles away, which of the following chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants environment?

a)

CO2

b)

cytokinins

c)

ethylene

d)

auxin

e)

gibberellic acids

62.

Charles and Francis Darwin concluded from their experiments on phototropism by grass seedlings that the part of the seedling that detects the direction of light is the

a)

tip of the coleoptile

b)

part of the coleoptile that bends during the response

c)

root tip

d)

cotyledon

e)

phytochrome

63.

which of the conclusions id supported by the research of both Went and Charles and Frances Darwin on the shoot response to light?

a)

when shoots are exposed to light, a chemical substance migrates towards the light

b)

Agar contains a chemical substance that mimics a plant hormone

c)

a chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in shoot tips

d)

once shoot has been cut, normal growth cant be induced

e)

light stimulates the synthesis of a plant hormone that responds to light

64.

which of the following do all fungi have in common?

a)

meiosis in basidia

b)

coenocytic hyphae

c)

sexual life cycle

d)

absorption of nutrients

e)

symbioses with algae

65.

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hyphate (fungi featuring hyphae)?

a)

they acquire their nutrients through absorption

b)

their body plan is a netlike mass of filaments called mycelium

c)

their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils

d)

they may be saprobes, parasites, or mutualistic symbionts

e)

the nuclei of the mycelia are typically haploid

66.

what is the primary role of mushrooms underground mycelium?

a)

absorbing nutrients

b)

anchoring

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

asexual reproduction

e)

protection

67.

in the fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which....

a)

means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures

b)

results in more genetic variation during sexual reproduction

c)

allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time

d)

results in heterokaryotic cells

e)

is string support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic

68.

what is the ploidy of a single mature Neurospora ascospore?

a)

haploid

b)

diploid

c)

triploid

d)

tetraploid

e)

polyploid

69.

which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by both chytrids and other kings of fungi?

a)

presence of hyphae

b)

flagellated zoospores

c)

absorptive mode of nutrition

d)

chitinous cell walls

e)

amino acid base sequence of some enzymes

70.

match the phyla below with the descriptions that follow. each term can be used once, more than once, or not at all


This phylum contains organisms that most closely resembles the common ancestor of fungi and animals

a)

zygomycota

b)

ascomycota

c)

basidiomycota

d)

glomeromycota

e)

chytridiomycosis

71.

mushrooms with gills, typically available in supermarkets, have meiotically produced spores located in or on _______ and belong to the phylum ________.

a)

asci; Basidiomycota

b)

hyphae; Zygomycota

c)

basidia; Basidiomycota

d)

asci; Ascomycota

e)

hyphae; Ascomycota

72.

the nonpathogenic fungus that produces a fairy ring grows outward in concentric rings over the course of years. As a result, what should be less abundant in the soil within the ring soon after the fungal hyphae colonize it?

a)

antibiotic molecules

b)

living organic matter

c)

living plant roots

d)

dead organic matter

e)

fungal exoenzymes

73.

if there were no mycorrhizae, then which of the following would be true?

a)

there would be fewer infectious diseases

b)

we wouldn't have any antibiotics

c)

there would be no mushrooms for pizza

d)

most vascular plants would be stunted in their growth

e)

chesses like blue cheese or Roquefort would not exist

74.

Basidia produces spores by process known as

a)

decomposition

b)

mitosis

c)

meiosis

d)

hyphae

e)

binary fission

75.

all fungi share which of the following characteristics?

a)

symbiotic

b)

heterotrophic

c)

flagellated

d)

pathogenic

e)

saprobic

76.

the closest relatives of fungi are probably

a)

animals

b)

vascular plants

c)

mosses

d)

brown algae

e)

slime molds

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