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WorksheetsAmanda's BIOL 1107 Midterm Review
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins
What do you feel confident about?
What area(s) do you know you still need to work in?
The Themes of Biology are Organization, Information, Energy and Matter Transformation, Interactions, and Evolution
True
False
Molecules are the lowest level of organization.
True
False
A new property or feature that appears after reaching a higher level of organization is called:
a novel trait
an emergent property
an original quality
a unique feature
Giant squids have very large eyes that are used for seeing in low light conditions. This is an example of:
response to stimuli
interactions
the relationship between structure and function
regulation
True or False: The organelle is the smallest unit of life.
True
False
A cell that has a nucleus must be a:
prokaryote
eukaryote
plant cell
animal cell
A prokaryotic cell is usually _____ than a eukaryotic cell and lacks ______.
smaller; a cell wall
larger; organelles
larger; a cell wall
smaller; organelles
The term expression means:
when one cell communicates with another using chemical signals
when a cell excretes something
when a gene is activated and the cell synthesizes the product (like a protein) the gene encodes for
a cell changes its physical appearance
There is chemical energy in the food you eat. What is the origin of that energy?
the organism being eaten
primary producers
the soil
the sun
A molecule of morphine binds to a neuron's receptor and inhibits pain sensations. This is an example of:
transmission
interaction
structure
expression
If there was no genetic diversity in a population, what could not occur?
reproduction
evolution
meiosis
crossing over of chromosomes
A gene mutates in a single bacteria, making it more resistant to antibiotics. This means that:
this individual is more likely to reproduce under all conditions
if exposed to antibiotics, this individual is more likely to reproduce
natural selection has occurred
evolution has occurred
Your friend tells you over the phone that their TV isn't working. You guess that it's because it isn't plugged in. Which of these is true?
the projector not being plugged in is an observation
the projector not being plugged in is a fact
the projector not being plugged in is a hypothesis
the projector not working is a hypothesis
To test your hypothesis, your friend plugs in the TV. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
plugging in the TV
the TV
whether or not the TV turns on
you
A scientist wants to know which locations in local marine systems have populations of bioluminescent bacteria. They collect 4 water samples of equal size from 4 different locations and plate the samples. Over the next 24-48 hours, they observe the plates for formation of glowing colonies. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
the bacteria in the samples
the location of the water samples
whether or not there are glowing colonies
the bacteria that successfully grow on the plates
In the previous experiment, what was the dependent variable?
the bacteria in the sample
the location of the water samples
whether or not glowing colonies form
the bacteria that successfully grow on the plates
True or False: A smaller cell will have a harder time exchanging nutrients and waste than a larger cell.
True
False
What are the three organelles that are unique to plant cells as compared to animal cells? Select all that apply.
chloroplast
lysosome
vacuole
cell wall
central vacuole
If a eukaryotic cell didn't have ribosomes, what type of molecule would the cell not be able to produce?
nucleotides
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
MELAS syndrome presents with brain damage and myopathy due to underproduction of ATP. What organelle is likely defective in individuals with this syndrome?
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Cystinosis is a disease where the amino acid cystine can't be broken down and builds up in cells. If severe enough, the cystine molecules can crystalize, causing brain damage, kidney failure, muscle wasting, and bone deformities. What organelle is likely defective in individuals with this disease?
ribosomes
lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
How many chromosomes and chromatids are in this picture? (For example, if there were one chromosome and one chromatid, please write "1, 1")
(a)
Which of the following is false of meiosis?
It generates haploid gametes
It is involved in asexual reproduction
Cells become haploid after the first round of division
It generates four daughter cells
A disease that I made up prevents centrioles from forming mitotic spindles. At what phase would the cell be unable to continue mitosis?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
What does a cell spend the most time doing?
growing and performing normal functions
dividing
replicating DNA
synthesizing proteins
Based on the graph, S phase is labeled ___ and M phase is labeled ____. (Write your answer as "X, Y" with the correct letters, both capitalized.)
(a)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes would an individual's grandchildren have if humans started producing diploid gametes?
(a)
A person has 22 pairs of chromosomes, but the 14th "pair" is only one chromosome. What most likely happened?
polyploidy
a nondysjunction during meiosis in one of this person's parent's gametes
a nondysjunction during mitosis of the person's cells
the chromosome wasn't replicated during S phase in this person's cells
You see a cell whose chromosomes look like this. What phase of the cell cycle is this cell in?
G1/Gap 1
S Phase
G2/Gap 2
M Phase
What happens during anaphase of mitosis in a cell that has only one chromosome?
One duplicated chromosome's sister chromatids are separated and become two chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are separated
Two duplicated chromosomes are separated
The duplicated chromosomes are shared with each daughter cell, giving them each two chromosomes
Select all organisms that reproduce without meiosis:
A single-celled organism, such as a bacteria
A cactus that reproduces by budding
Mammals
egg-laying bony fish
A new species is discovered that has 20 chromosomes in its karyotype. Which of the following statements must be true?
It reproduces sexually
It reproduces asexually
Its gametes would have 20 chromosomes
Its gametes would have 10 chromosomes
Which of these statements is true about the process of meiosis in an organism that has 5 pairs of chromosomes? Select all that apply.
At the end of telophase I, the cells would have 2 copies of 5 chromosomes.
At the end of telophase II, the cells would have 2 copies of 5 chromosomes.
At the end of telophase I, the cells would have 1 copy of 5 chromosomes.
At the end of telophase II, the cells would have 1 copy of 5 chromosomes.
A cell that has 2 pairs of chromosomes undergoes mitosis. Another cell that also has 2 pairs of chromosomes undergoes meiosis. Label the cells below as either anaphase, anaphase I, or anaphase II. (Left side first, then right side, separated by commas)
(a)
During what phase of meiosis does crossing over begin?
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Which is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=4?
The species is diploid with 2 chromosomes per cell
The species is diploid with 2 pairs of chromosomes per cell
A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes
This species is diploid with 4 pairs of chromosomes per cell
This species is haploid with 4 chromosomes per cell
If green leaves (G) is dominant to red leaves (g), what proportion of the offspring produced by a cross of Gg x Gg will be heterozygous?
0
1
1/4
1/2
A rose bush is homozygous dominant for red petals (R) and homozygous recessive for green pollen (p). What are the plant's possible gametes? Select all that apply.
RR
pp
rP
Rp
A green frog produces offspring with a yellow frog. The offspring are all speckled green and yellow. What type of dominance does the gene for skin color exhibit?
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Sex-linked inheritance
Codominance
A true-breeding long-winged bumblebee breeds with a true-breeding short-winged bumblebee. Assume the gene exhibits complete dominance. If all of the offspring have short wings, which gene is dominant and what is the offsprings' genotype?
short is dominant; the offspring are homozygous dominant
short is dominant; the offspring are heterozygous
long is dominant; the offspring are homozygous recessive
long is dominant; the offspring are heterozygous
All of the following contribute to genetic variation. Which three are specific to sexually reproducing organisms?
mutations
independent assortment of chromosomes
crossing over
random fertilization
Independent assortment of chromosomes is when:
homologous chromosomes orient themselves individually on the metaphase plate during anaphase
homologous chromosomes orient themselves individually on the metaphase plate during anaphase I
homologous chromosomes orient themselves individually on the metaphse plate during anaphase II
sister chromatids orient themselves individually on the metaphase plate
Sam has type A blood and has children with Alex who has type AB blood. Sam's parents have type AB and type O blood. What are the possible blood types of Sam and Alex's children? Select all that apply.
A
B
AB
O
In cats, there is a gene that controls pigmentation. This pigmentation controls fur color, but it also plays a role in maintaining fluid in ear canals. If this gene is defective, the cat will have white fur with blue eyes and will likely be deaf as well, due to not enough fluid in the ear canal. This is an example of:
polyploidy
pleiotropy
epistasis
polygenic
One gene controls skin pigment in ball pythons. However, another gene controls the delivery of that pigment to the eyes and skin. The dominant version of this gene is functional, while the recessive version is not and therefore does not deliver pigment to its destination. This is an example of:
polyploidy
pleiotropy
epistasis
polygenic
When an organism's phenotype depends on multiple genes and its environmental conditions, that is called:
polygenic
multifactorial
ecotype
conditional expression
What are the four types of sex determination?
X-Y, X-Z, X-0, and haplo-diploid
X-Y, Z-W, X+, and haplo-triploid
X-Y, Z-W, X-0, and haplo-diploid
X-Y, X-Z, X-0, and haplo-triploid
Select every sex-determination type that produces a female.
XX
ZW
X
haploid
ZZ
For an X-linked gene, males are always
heterozygous
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
hemizygous
Black feathers are a sex-linked dominant trait in chickens. If a white feathered female produces offspring with a black feathered male, what percentage of their daughters will have black feathers?
25%
50%
75%
100%
A new gene mutates on the Y chromosome of an individual. Which of the following is true? Select all that apply.
Females will never be directly affected.
Females can be carriers.
An affected male will always pass on this trait to their female children.
An affected male will always pass on this trait to their male children.
The four cells shown are the result of a single round of meiosis. During what phase did nondysjunction occur?
Anaphase
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Which of the following is not a compound?
CaCO3
O2
C2H6
CH4
In this atom taken from the periodic table, what is the atomic mass?
1
1.008
0.008
H
Which things are indicated by the same number when looking at an atom on the periodic table?
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Number of protons
Number of electrons when neutral
Phosphorus (P) usually has how many neutrons?
(a)
What tells you how many valence electrons an atom has?
Which row the atom is in
Which column the atom is in
Whether the atom is an metal or a nonmetal
The atomic number
What tells you how many valence shells an atom has?
What column the atom is in
What row the atom is in
Its atomic number
Whether it's a metal or a nonmetal
How many valence electrons does nitrogen (N) have?
(a)
Cations are _____ charged and anions are ____ charged
positively; positively
positively; negatively
negatively; negatively
negatively; positively
______ and _______ will always form ionic bonds.
Metals; nonmetals
Metals; metals
Nonmetals; nonmetals
Carbon; hydrogen
When sodium (Na, a metal) and chlorine (Cl, a nonmetal) for a chemical bond, sodium ______ and chlorine ______, resulting in a(n) ________.
gains an electron; loses an electron; ionic bond
loses an electron; gains an electron; ionic bond
gains an electron; loses an electron; covalent bond
loses an electron; gains an electron; covalent bond
_______ and _______ will always form covalent bonds.
Metals; nonmetals
Metals; metals
Nonmetals; nonmetals
Na; Cl
When oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) form a chemical bond, they __________.
share electrons equally
share electrons unevenly (they spend most of the time closer to hydrogen)
share electrons unevenly (they spend most of the time closer to oxygen)
share electrons unevenly (which atom them spend most of the time with changes based on conditions)
What carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) form a chemical bond, they _______.
share electrons equally
share electrons unevenly (spend more time with carbon)
share electrons unevenly (spend more time with hydrogen)
share electrons unevenly (which atom they spend more time with changes based on conditions)
Carbon has ____ hybrid orbitals that form a _____.
4; square
2; square
4; tetrahedron
2; tetrahedron
Balance the following equation:
__Al + __HCl --> __AlCl3 + __H2
Write your answer as numbers separated by commas (ex: "1, 2, 3, 4")
(a)
Balance the following equation:
__Na2CO3 + __HCl --> __NaCl + __H20 + __C02
Write your answer as numbers separated by commas (ex: "1, 2, 3, 4")
(a)
Hydrogen bonds are:
weak bonds between two hydrogens
weak bonds between two oxygens
weak bonds between oxygens and hydrogens of the same molecule
weak bonds that form between molecules due to the slight positive or slight negative charge associated with each of them
What are the emergent properties of water? Select all that apply
cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
expansion when freezing
resistance to changes in temperature
solvation
emulsification
What types of molecules are hydrophilic? Select all that apply.
Ionic
Polar covalent
Nonpolar covalent
Hydrocarbons
What types of molecules are hydrophobic? Select all that apply.
Ionic
Polar covalent
Nonpolar covalent
Hydrocarbons
What is molarity a measurement of?
Weight
Volume
Number of individual pieces
Charge
pH below 7 is considered
basic
acidic
The top three molecules shown here have the same molecular formula, as do the bottom three molecules. What kind of isomers are they?
structural isomers
geometrical isomers
optical isomers
enantomers
Optical isomers have the same
molecular formula
interactions
chemical properties
three-dimensional structure
Do you know all of the functional groups?
Yes, all of them
Yes, most of them
Well, a few of them
...functional groups?
Now that we've had somewhat of a practice test, are there any more topics you still want to discuss?
