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WorksheetsCRIM 1010: Quiz 3
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 2hrs 3mins
Which early school of criminology believes that people are rational beings, that can calculate the consequences to their action.
Statistical School
Positivist School
Classical School
Early Biological School
In week 7 we discussed the psychological reasoning for crime. According to Robert Hare's psychopathy list video, what trait best describes a psychopath?
Selfless and remorseful
God complex/ self absorbed
Socially incompetent
Empathetic
Please select the incorrect conclusion from Gottfredson and Hirschi's Self-Control theory.
People with low self-control are less likely to engage in risky activity and commit crimes.
People with low self-control are impulsive, focus on the moment, and less likely to feel remorse for their actions.
Low self-control is the result of poor relationships with parents and/or poor parenting.
None of the above.
What are the four early schools of criminology?
Classical school
Positive school
Statistical school
Early biological theories
All of the above
People voluntarily enter a
social contract with the state when:
They would give up some freedom for a safer society.
The state had to provide security but could not violate
the rights of citizens.
Citizens were required to obey the rules or face
punishment from the state.
All of the above.
What is the best way to describe the School of Prison Pipeline?
The School of Prison Pipeline happens in the early years of young adults that come from a disadvantaged background become incarcerated because of the harsh policies within the school system
The school of prison pipeline only occurs to racialized groups that end up spending the remaining years incarcerated due to their background of mistreatment in school
Children that come from abusive households and schools become incarcerated and deal with the criminal system for life
A process of probationary custody occurring in public school systems
Hare (1991) developed a psychopathy checklist that was composed of what factor(s)?
Personality traits associated with antisocial personality disorder
Criminal Behaviours and specific crimes associated with antisocial personality disorder
Experiences descriptive of anti-social personality disorder
Forms of manipulation learnt by bankers and CEOS
Anomie refers to
The abundance of clear societal norms and values
An anomaly present in a societies crime rates
The absence of clear societal norms and values
The idea that crime is considered bad by everyone
Which of the following reflects the conflict approach to law making?
Deviance helps create boundaries and social norms
Social solidarity is essential for a society to work together properly
Morals are universal
Social differences come from the inequalities that exist in all societies
What definition best describes the concept of "theory"?
The concept of a belief in a topic that is not confirmed with facts.
A way of seeing, making sense of, and explaining various phenomena.
How human behaviour and/or human performance is organized, analyzed and observed.
An idea of how to explain facts or events.
What are the two broadest sociological explanations of crime?
contradiction and consensus perspectives
conflict and consensus perspectives
contradiction and conflict perspectives
constraint and coping perspectives
What best describes the internal form of social control?
Process of internalizing norms through socialization (peers, schools, media).
Legal norms and rules for behaviour rely on standardized rules and procedures.
Societies efforts (rewards/punishments)
Ensuring conformity to societal norms/rules to ensure that people act in a routine and predictable way
What was Durkheim referring to when he coined the term "anomie"?
The emphasis of self-interested values over those of community values.
Uneven distribution of legitimate means.
A culture that supports the ruthless pursuit of wealth.
A society lacking norms, and desires that are aren't controlled by the society.
Which of the following was a methodological flaw of Lombroso's research?
Control groups were representative of all populations involved
Data collection and related measurement tools were valid and reliable
The statistical techniques were crude
Took into account the false binary between "criminals" and "non-criminals"
All of the above are methodological flaws
What is the definition of anomie?
The absence of clear societal norms and values
Process of internalizing norms via socialization.
A group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours.
Profit related crimes.
Of the listed traits, Which best describes an individual with Anti-Social Personality Disorder?
Fitting well into the corporate world
Are attracted to action & reward
The manipulation behaviours they display make them seem charismatic
Aall of the above
Which is not a quality of effective schooling in relation to schools agent of socialization?
Adult supervision and decision making only, a great emphasis on elder hierarchy in relation to choices and what they see fit
Smaller class sizes and a more diverse learning environment
Relevant curriculum to students daily life
High moral standards and values that are upheld by faculty and students within the school
Which of the following statement is true regarding mandatory minimum sentencing?
Ensures consistent sentencing for all those accused of the same crime reducing any potential judge and jury biases to skin colour, gender, age, etc.
Follows the statistical school theory such that studies have shown it is a positive deterrent for potential offenders if they understand the minimum time they will spend in a correctional institution (jail/prison).
Removes power from judges to provide reduced sentencing on a case-by-case basis if they were to consider other factors involved or arguments posed.
An approach to sentencing that is aligned with early positivist theorists to achieve a reduction in future crime.
According to the Psychoanalytic theory of crime, Criminal Behaviour...
Can be understood by focusing on how we develop (or fail to develop) a sense of morality and responsibility
Is a form of neurosis
Is inherently reinforcing, so children will only refrain if punished
Is the outcome of different social and psychological risk factors
Who developed General Strain Theory (GST)?
Robert Merton
Sigmund Freud
Robert Agnew
Émile Durkheim
What are forms of formal social control?
Process of internalizing norms via socialization.
Societies efforts.
Legal norms or rules of behavior relies on coercive power.
Non criminal, bureaucratic control
What is one of the social functions that is served by Deviance as stated by Emile Durkheim?
Deviance helps controls different parenting styles, conforming them into one general style.
Deviance helps defining cultural values and norms, like right and wrong.
Deviance is defined as the absence of clear societal norms and values.
Deviance is something that should not be taken seriously, and has no connection to institutional or individual strains of theory.
Who developed the theory of Moral Development and what stages does it include?
Sigmund Freud - Id, Ego, Superego
Lawrence Kohlberg - Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-Conventional
Hans Eysenck - High Neuroticism, Extraversion, Introversion, Low Neuroticism
Albert Bandura - Family, Subcultural influences, symbolic modelling
What 3 foundations is criminology built on?
Theories, research and concepts
Opinions, media and concepts
Theories, people and theorists
Theorists, law and enforcement
What is a criticism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
It is untestable.
It is sexist towards women.
It incorporates tautological reasoning.
Not all criminals suffer from guilt or anxiety.
Which agent of socialization is considered as an important determinant of delinquency?
The Nation State
Community
School
Mass Media
Which reflects the conflict perspective of law making?
Most people share similar values; morality is universal, customs persist, and the law represents a codification of societal values
the punishment should fit the crime.
the punishment should fit the individual
criminal law reflects the interests of the powerful groups that create and enforce those laws.
According to Robert K. Merton's Typology of Deviance, what does Retreatism Accept/Reject?
Accepts Cultural Goals, Rejects Institutionalized Means
Rejects Cultural Goals, Accepts Institutionalized Means
Rejects Cultural Goals, Rejects Institutionalized Means
Accepts Cultural Goals, Accepts Institutionalized Means
Accepts New Goals and Mean
According to Emile Durkheim, societies require _______ to maintain order and functionality through social solidarity?
Strict law and state
Social institutions
Norms and values
Mandatory minimums
What are the two theoretical perspectives that analyze the relationship between crime and social structure
Deviance perspective and Moral perspective.
Cultural perspective and Institutional perspective.
Consensus perspective and Conflict perspective.
None of the above.
According to Freud Personality is made up of what three forces?
Ego, Personality, Date of Birth
SuperEgo, Id, Psychopathy
Complexes, Genetics, Ego
Ego, Superego, Id
Atavistic form proposed that criminals were a sub-species of genetic throwback who were biologically different from
noncriminal. What aspects does it include?
epileptics
the criminally insane
criminals of passion
criminaloids
All of the above
According to Atavist form theory,..
criminals are biologically different from non-criminals.
criminals are biologically the same as non-criminals.
criminals are socially constructed
criminals learn their behaviours
What percentage of the prison inmate population in North America fit into the antisocial personality disorder category?
10-15%
30-40%
15-25%
5-15%
Which of the following is the key element of Merton's Social Strain Theory:
When social cohesion breaks down, society loses it's traditional mechanisms of social control and eventually sufer from a high rate of crime
Strong pressures to succeed monetarily and weak restraints on the means to succeed in a society that emphazizes economics leads to crime
Crime occurs when there is a gap between culturally prescribed aspirations and socially structured means for realizing those aspirations
None of the above
According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which of the following may teach aggression
family, friends, teachers
friends, grandparents, feral animals
family, peers, violent tv programs
none of the above
At a high level, what dimension is most likely to lead to psychopathy based on Eysenck's theory of crime and personality?
Extroversion
Psychoticism
Extroversion and Neuroticism
Extroversion and Psychoticim
All the following are true about strain theory, excluding...
Strain theory directly encourages crime by emphasizing the economy above all other institutions.
Strain theories offer insights into the unethical behavior of individuals, gangs, and corporations.
Strain theory sates that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals, though they lack the means.
Strain theories operate at both societal and individual levels.
What is Anomie and who popularized the the concept?
The absence of clear societal norms and value, Merton
Clear representation of values and norms, Durkhiem
The absence of clear societal norms and value, Durkhiem
The absence of political structure, Merton
What does the School of Classical Criminology posit?
An individual who breaks the law does so are rational beings and they understand the consequences of their actions.
An individual who breaks the law is not aware of the consequences and believes nothing bad will happen.
Humans are not rational and cannot be controlled by human will.
Punishments will not deter crime from appearing.
Who developed Social Control Theory?
Emile Durkheim
Travis Hirschi
Robert Agnew
Robert K Merton
What did Teplin's (1984) analysis of police data conclude with regards to crime and mental illness?
The presence of symptoms of mental illness does not affect the probability of arrest.
Mental disorder is not a risk factor for predicting violent recidivism.
The presence of symptoms of mental illness affects the probability of arrest.
Mental disorder is a risk factor for predicting violent recidivism.
Haggerty and Ellerbrok (2011), examine which cultural and historical contexts in order to further a social explanation of serial killing?
social manipulation, fake news, and the copycat effect.
anomie and the impacts of mass media as an agent of socialization.
urban anonymity, the culture of celebrity, and marginalization
denigration and ridicule
Police are:
Seeing fewer mentally ill individuals in their encounters
Receiving formal training to assist those experiencing acute mental distress
More frequently arresting those with mental illnesses
B and C
Which of the following are true about wellness checks?:
Civilian health teams are able to do wellness checks
They can and have escalated violent and deadly encounters
Police backup is only needed 1% of the time while wellness checks are done by civilian health teams
All of the above
What is the definition and characteristics of Anomie?
The lack of standards and values in society popularized by Durkheim to explain criminality in more advanced and different metropolitan societies.
The process in which governing bodies of a particular society all contribute to ensuring that society runs smoothly.
The dismissal of the idea that goals are entirely created by the individual, instead, they are defined by the culture of a society and conveyed by people of that society.
The tension created by the difference in aspirations and the ability to reach them usually end in deviance.
All of the following are true about Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), except:
According to the DSM-5, less than 1% of women suffer from APD
APD usually develops in late adolescence
APD is common among CEO's and/or lawyers
People with APD enjoy rewards and action
Which psychological theory of crime relates to studies suggesting a correlation between watching violence on television and aggression?
Personality Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
Social Learning Theory
Theories of Moral Development
The ability to make choices and learn new behaviour by watching others is known as:
Social learning theory
Psychoanalytic theory
Modelling
Personality building
According to Travis Hirschi's Social Control Theory, which of the following is NOT an aspect of social bonds that when weakened can strain our behaviour?
Belief
Involvement
Mass Media
Commitment
Which of the following statements about deviance is incorrect?
Deviance helps to define cultural values and norms
Deviance can encourage social change
Deviance always results in the destruction of society
Society's response to deviance clarifies moral boundaries
Deviance causes reactions that brings society together
Operant Conditioning refers to?
Behavior being shaped by reinforcement, sometimes punishment
Reward based systems are the best way to educate children
People think differently depending on their financial status
A person has innate traits and understanding at birth that cannot be changed
Moral Development Theory refers to which of the following?
A personality characteristic associated with sociability, impulsiveness and aggression.
A form of learning that occurs as a result of watching and imitating others.
Theories of individual psychology that investigate how moral reasoning emerges in the individual.
The basic process by which an individuals behavior is shaped by reinforcement or by punishment.
Which of the psychological theories of crime describes that the personality is composed of 3 forces:the ID, the Ego, and the superego?
Psychoanalytic Theory
Moral Development
Personality and Crime
Social Learning Theory
Which one is not the source of the aggression, according to Bandura?
Family abuse
Wrong role models
Natural instinct
Watching violent movies
Which of these statements are NOT true according to the psychoanalytic theory?
Some criminal activity may be a means of obtaining some form of punishment in order to alleviate feelings such as guilt.
Criminal or deviant behaviour is often a product of traumatic passed events and experiences.
Punishment is the primary deterrent of criminal behaviour.
The 3 forces that help individuals progress and navigate through conflict throughout their lives, are the Id, the Ego, and the Super-ego
Which school of criminology studied the physical characteristics of criminals?
Classical School
Positive School
Statistical School
None of the Above
What best reflects moral development theory?
A relationship between delinquency and moral development
No relationship between delinquency and moral development
An inverse relationship between moral development and delinquency
Morals develop in early childhood which leads to delinquency(Or lack thereof)
Who believed that personality was made up of these three forces: id, ego and superego?
Jean Piaget
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Hans Eysenck
What has the strongest effect on minimizing children's deviance
How many hours the child spends with his/her family, the amount of crime present in the neighborhood where the child grows up, and the type of punishment the child receives from his/her role figures.
How close the child is supervised, how close the child is to his/her parents, and what kind of role model the parents are.
The type of punishment the child receives from his/her role figures, the treatment the child receives at school (ei: if she/he gets bullied), and how often the child participates in religious activities.
What kind of role model the child has, if the child participates in extracurricular activities or not, and how religious the child's parents are (only for communities where religion is important).
What is the best definition of internal social control?
interpersonal in nature, unofficial in its operation, no written rules/procedures, work through face to face interactions
ensure conformity to norms/rules so that people behave in a routine, predictable fashion
process of internalizing norms via socialization: family, schools, peers, media
legal norms/rules of behaviour relies on coercive power, standardized rules and procedures
Based on Robert Merton's Deviance Typology, which of the following describes someone who rejects the institutionalized means, and accepts cultural goals
Innovation
Rebellion
Ritualism
Conformity
Which theory states that any negative or unusual impact on institutions like family, economics religion, education and state can lead to crime?
Social Control Theory
Strain Theory
Criminal Justice Theory
Rational choice theory
