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Intro to biology and biochemistry full review

Total questions: 200

Worksheet time: 4hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
2.
If the calcium in your blood decreases below homeostasis levels, a gland in the brain will sense the decrease and send a chemical message to your bones. Your bones will release calcium into the blood, bringing blood calcium levels back up.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
3.
Rapid growth during puberty causes your body to release more and more growth hormones. As you grow, more and more growth hormones are released until puberty is reached, and then the hormones stop.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
4.
What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent that it is often called the "universal solvent?"
a)
Purity
b)
Polarity and cohesion
c)
High heat capacity
d)
Expansion upon freezing
5.
Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?
a)
Water is a solvent.
b)
Water has a high heat capacity.
c)
Water acts as a buffer.
d)
Water is non-polar.
6.
Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
a)
Water is pushed by solutes
b)
Capillary action pulls the water molecules like a chain
c)
Water is pulled by gravity
d)
Water’s cohesion causes it to “pull” towards the leaves
7.
What property of water helps to moderate earth's temperature?
a)
adhesion
b)
chohesion
c)
Specific heat capacity
d)
Latent heat of vaporization
8.
The basic unit of life is called a (n)
a)
atom
b)
compound
c)
cell
d)
energy
9.
Complete the sentence.
A substance that is more basic has a _____ pH than a substance that is acidic.
a)
lower
b)
higher
c)
the same
d)
none of the above
10.
Human blood has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Which of the following best describes human blood?
a)
strongly acidic
b)
slightly acidic
c)
strongly basic
d)
slightly basic
11.
When dissolved in water, acids produce:
a)
bases
b)
salts
c)
hydrogen ions
d)
hydroxide ions
12.
Green plants produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
a)
All living things use energy
b)
All living things contain cells
c)
All living things maintain homeostasis
d)
All living things grow
13.
A camel has eyelashes that work to keep the dust and sand out of its eyes.
a)
All living things adapt to their environment
b)
All living things grow
c)
All living things have cells
d)
All living things use energy
14.
A caterpillar hibernates in a cocoon and emerges as a butterfly.
a)
All living things adapt to their environment
b)
All living things use energy
c)
All living things respond to their environment
d)
All living things grow
15.
Homeostasis is the process through which an organism regulates its internal environment in order to maintain a stable and constant condition.
An example of homeostasis is the regulation of the glucose sugar level in blood through the interaction of the hormones insulin and glucagon.  
What happens if the body is unable to maintain its blood glucose level?
a)
This regulation is unnecessary to the viability of organisms.
b)
The body adapts to a different blood glucose level.
c)
New hormones are created to solve the problem.
d)
Diseases, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia, result.
16.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-5
d)
1-20
17.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?
a)
Ability to move
b)
Ability to grow and develop
c)
Made up of one or more cells
d)
Responds to stimuli
18.
All living things grow and develop. _________ is an increase in mass, while _________ results in different abilities.
a)
Growth ; Development
b)
Development ; Growth
19.
Define BIOLOGY.
a)
The study of life and living organisms.
b)
The study of animals.
c)
They study of matter.
d)
The study of earth and its atmosphere.
20.
Which of the following is composed of two or more tissue types that come together to perform a function?
a)
Tissues
b)
Organelles
c)
Organ Systems
d)
Organs
21.
In order for something to be considered a living organism, it must display _____ of the eight characteristics of living things.
a)
one
b)
some
c)
all
d)
more than half
22.
When you step out into the cold, your body shivers in order to keep its temperature at 98.6F.
a)
All living things use energy
b)
All living things contain cells
c)
All living things maintain homeostasis
d)
All living things grow
23.
An amoeba is a unicellular organism. Which characteristic of life is this?
a)
All living things use energy
b)
All living things contain cells
c)
All living things respond to their environment
d)
All living things grow
24.
all chemical processes in the body carried out by every living organism
a)
digestion
b)
metabolism
c)
homeostasis
d)
synthesis
25.
maintaining the correct amount of water, salt and glucose is known as
a)
digestion
b)
homeostasis
c)
metabolism
d)
synthesis
26.
Water, with nothing dissolved in it, will freeze at what temperature? 
a)
0° C
b)
32° C
c)
100 ° C
d)
115 ° C
27.
A container of water in the liquid state is heated to 100° C. At this temperature the water will-
a)
freeze
b)
boil
c)
melt
d)
condense
28.
Surface tension is caused by ...
a)
strong cohesion between water molecules
b)
strong adhesion between the water molecules
c)
condensation
d)
water cycle
29.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
30.

What might happen if buffers did not exist within the human body?

a)

Our blood and other bodily fluids might become too acidic or basic.

b)

Our stomach acid would not be able to break down food.

c)

We would not be able to process glucose within our cells.

d)

We would not be able to inhale oxygen into our lungs.

31.

An acid has a pH

a)

higher than 7

b)

lower than 7

c)

7

d)

greater than 14

32.

the more H+ ions the

a)

stronger the acid

b)

weaker the acid

c)

it neutralizes

33.

True or false: bases are sometimes called alkaline.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

a)
b)
35.

True or false: a neutral solution has equal amounts of H+ and OH-.

a)

True

b)

False

36.
The two types of feedback systems that help organisms maintain homeostasis are:
a)
positive and negative 
b)
receptor and effector
c)
static and dynamic
d)
minor and major
37.

Describe COHESION.

a)

Water molecules attracted to other substances.

b)

Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.

c)

Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.

d)

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.

38.

Describe ADHESION.

a)

Water molecules attracted to other substances.

b)

Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.

c)

Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.

d)

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.

39.

Why does water moderate temperature so well?

a)

It does not allow heat in between the hydrogen bonds.

b)

More energy is needed to break all the hydrogen bonds, or rebuild them, between water molecules.

c)

Water has high energy all the time, so it can't heat up any more.

d)

The polarity of the water molecule resists the added energy, causing water to stay the same temperature.

40.
The term for maintaining internal temperature is: 
a)
Thermoregulation
b)
Thermometer
c)
Homeothermal
d)
Homeostasis
41.

A base is a substance

a)

That releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

b)

That releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

c)

Does not release any ions when dissolved in water

d)

None of the above

42.

Homeostatic cooling mechanisms include

a)

piloerection and panting

b)

panting and vasoconstriction

c)

sweating and piloerection

d)

sweating and vasodilation

43.

Why do biological systems need good buffers?

a)

Water is a poor buffer

b)

They need to maintain a pH of 8.0 at all times

c)

All living organisms need to maintain homeostasis in terms of pH

d)

Liquids cannot resist changes in pH

44.

Which best describes the stimulus-response model?

a)

Stimulus -> receptor -> effector -> integrator -> response

b)

Stimulus -> receptor -> integrator -> effector -> response

c)

Stimulus -> effector -> integrator -> receptor -> response

45.

Based on your virtual lab,, which of the following is (are) basic?

a)

Oven cleaner

b)

Shampoo

c)

Antacids

d)

All of the choices

46.

Refer to the picture; the water is sticking to the spider web because of:

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

47.

Attractions between water molecules are called

a)

Covalent bonds

b)

Ionic bonds

c)

Polar bonds

d)

Hydrogen bonds

48.

Why does ice float?

a)

As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.

b)

As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere

c)

As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the water molecules.

d)

As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere

49.

What type of bond attaches the oxygen and hydrogens together in a SINGLE water molecule?

a)

hydrogen bonds

b)

ionic bonds

c)

covalent bonds

50.

Which term refers to water having a slightly positive and a slighty negative charge on its ends?

a)

cohesion

b)

surface tension

c)

polar

d)

adhesion

51.

Refer to the picture; the insect is not falling through the water because of:

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

52.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
53.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
54.
After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?
a)
a substrate
b)
an enzyme
c)
a product
d)
an active site
55.
The current model of enzyme action is referred to as the:
a)
Induced Fit Model
b)
Lock & Key Model
c)
Singer-Nicolson Model
d)
Davson-Danielli Model
56.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
57.
What makes an enzyme substrate specific?
a)
Size
b)
Shape
c)
Name
d)
Location it is found in
58.
A(n) __________  is the part of the enzyme the substrate fits into.
a)
product
b)
active site
c)
enzyme
d)
substrate
59.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
60.
Which of the following is the process used to bond the monomers together?
a)
Hydrolysis
b)
Water Removal
c)
Dehydration Synthesis
d)
Water Synthesis
61.
What is it called when an enzyme loses it shape and no longer functions?
a)
Substrate
b)
Synthesis
c)
Polymerization
d)
Denature
62.
Chemical reactions always involve
a)
the breaking of bonds in reactants.
b)
the formation of new bonds in products.
c)
the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products.
d)
enzymes. 
63.
Which macromolecule is made of simple and complex sugars?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
64.
Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
65.
The lock and key model is an analogy used to explain how a _________ fits into a ___________.
a)
Substrate, Active Site
b)
Active Site, Substrate
c)
Catalysts, Products
d)
Products, Catalysts
66.
Enzymes are _______ that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
a)
Polar
b)
Nonpolar
c)
Catalysts
d)
Molecules
67.
The essential roles of enzymes are _______.
a)
Used in living things as the main source of energy and use it for structural purposes
b)
Regulate the temperature and pH of the reaction.
c)
Regulating chemical pathways, making materials that cells need, releasing energy, and transferring information.
68.
What is needed to get a reaction started?
a)
Chemical Energy
b)
Biological Energy
c)
Carbohydrate Energy
d)
Activation Energy
69.
What effects enzymes?
a)
Temperature
b)
pH Level 
c)
Substrate Concentration
d)
All of the Above
70.
The graph pictured shows the reaction pathway of a reaction that __________?
a)
Absorbs Energy
b)
Releases Energy
71.
The graph pictured shows a reaction pathway of a reaction that ________.
a)
Absorbs Energy
b)
Releases Energy
72.
Combines with 3 fatty acid chains to make up a triglyceride; part of the monomer of lipids
a)
Amino Acid
b)
Fatty Acid
c)
Glycerol
d)
Nucleotide
73.
The process used to split polymers; this is done by adding water
a)
Dehydration
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Enzomatic
d)
Tetratonic
74.
The four organic compounds found in living things are?
a)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Oxygen
b)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbon
c)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbon, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
75.
Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
76.
TRUE or FALSE
Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
a)
True
b)
False
77.
What is being represented by letter C? 
a)
Enzyme
b)
Active site
c)
Substrate
d)
Lipid
78.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
79.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
80.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
81.
Which macromolecule is shown?
 View Figure 2 (if not visible)
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
82.
Which macromolecule is shown?
 View Figure 3 (if not visible)
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
83.
Carbohydrates are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
84.
Proteins are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
85.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
86.
The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph below. 
The optimum temperature for the action of this enzyme is approximately
a)
15⁰C
b)
22⁰C
c)
37⁰C
d)
50⁰C
87.
Which statement best describes the enzyme represented in the graphs below? 
a)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35⁰C and a pH of 8
b)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50⁰C and a pH of 12
c)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35⁰C and a pH of 12
88.
Organic compounds are always based on what two elements?
a)
hydrogen and oxygen
b)
nitrogen and oxygen
c)
hydrogen and carbon
d)
nitrogen and carbon
89.
Enzymes are examples of this organic compound...
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
90.
This is an example of 
a)
Lipid 
b)
Carbohydrate 
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
91.
What is an Enzyme?
a)
energy needed to get a reaction started
b)
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
c)
proteins that act as biological catalyst to speed up reactions
92.
In a molecule of DNA the sub-units are called
a)
nucleotides
b)
simple sugars
c)
lipids
d)
proteins
93.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins
a)
Acts as a catalyst to speed up reactions
b)
Fight infections and diseases (Immunity)
c)
carries oxygen within red blood cells
d)
Store genetic Information
94.
Proteins are made of smaller units called:
a)
Glucose 
b)
Cellulose 
c)
Fatty acids
d)
Amino acids
95.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction?

a)

Increasing activation energy

b)

Decreasing activation energy

c)

Increasing deactivation energy

d)

Decreasing deactivation energy

96.

Which macromolecules has a nitrogen base and phosphate found in its structure?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

97.

If a substance has the elements CHO and is not soluble in water, which of the macromolecules would this substance be?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protien

d)

Nucleic Acid

98.

Once a new product leaves an enzyme, the enzyme is unchanged and ready for the next substrate. What is this called?

a)

fragile

b)

reusable

c)

specific

d)

catalyst

99.

A baby is locked in the car on a hot day. What is most likely to happen to the child?

a)

The child's body will adjust and cause it to maintain homeostasis

b)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to speed up in the body, which will lead to death.

c)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to slow down in the body, which will lead to death.

d)

The activation energy for chemical reactions will remain unchanged and therefore the child will live.

100.
After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?
a)
a substrate
b)
an enzyme
c)
a product
d)
an active site
101.

A receptor site that a molecule can bind to that changes the shape of the active site is called a(n):

a)

non-competitive inhibitor

b)

Active Site

c)

DiSulphide Bridge

d)

MHC Receptor

102.
Between which subatomic particles to bonds form?
a)
Quarks
b)
Protons
c)
Neutrons
d)
Electrons
103.
Which of the following lists the bonds in order from weakest to strongest?
a)
Covalent, Hydrogen, Ionic
b)
Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent
c)
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
d)
Hydrogen, Covalent, Ionic
104.
What type of substance has an equal concentration of H+ and OH- ions?
a)
Acid
b)
Base
c)
Neutral
105.
What type of substance regulates the pH of the body by releasing and capturing H+ ions?
a)
Alkalines
b)
Buffers
c)
Neutralizers
d)
Hydrogenators
106.
Which property of water allows it to stick to other water molecules and create surface tension?
a)
Cohesion
b)
Adhesion
c)
Heat Capacity
d)
Universal Solvency
107.
The maintenance of constant internal body conditions is referred to as which of the following terms?
a)
Buffering
b)
Neturalizing
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Osmoregultion
108.
Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
a)
Protons and Electrons
b)
Protons and Neutrons
c)
Electrons and Protons
109.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins
a)
Assist in blood clotting
b)
Fight infections and diseases
c)
Assist in the processing of glucose
d)
None of the above
110.
Water is a universal solvent because it...
a)
It can be found anywhere
b)
It freezes when it gets cold
c)
floats when frozen
d)
Dissolves most substances
111.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
112.
What two elements make up water?
a)
Helium and oxygen
b)
Hydrogen and oxygen
c)
helium and carbon
d)
oxygen and carbon
113.
Attractions between water molecules are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
114.
The attraction that causes water and other liquids to form drops on thin films is called ________________. This is also water’s ability to be attraction to other water molecules.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
cohesion
d)
surface tension
115.
molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges
a)
cohesion
b)
polar molecule
c)
hydrogen bond
d)
solution
116.
What property of water helps to moderate earth's temperature?
a)
adhesion
b)
chohesion
c)
Specific heat capacity
d)
Latent heat of vaporization
117.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
118.
Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?
a)
Water is a solvent.
b)
Water has a high heat capacity.
c)
Water acts as a buffer.
d)
Water is non-polar.
119.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
120.
What is the name for the mechanism of enzyme activity?
a)
Lock and key
b)
jigsaw puzzle
c)
hammer and nail
d)
two hands pattern
121.
After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?
a)
a substrate
b)
an enzyme
c)
a product
d)
an active site
122.
The current model of enzyme action is referred to as the:
a)
Induced Fit Model
b)
Lock & Key Model
c)
Singer-Nicolson Model
d)
Davson-Danielli Model
123.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
124.
A receptor site that a molecule can bind to that changes the shape of the active site is called a(n):
a)
Allosteric Site
b)
Active Site
c)
DiSulphide Bridge
d)
MHC Receptor
125.
A molecule binds to an enzyme and opens the active site so it can bind to the substrate. This is called:
a)
Allosteric Activation
b)
Allosteric Inhibition
c)
Competitive Activation
d)
Competitive Inhibition
126.
A molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases the ability of the active site to bind to the substrate. This is called:
a)
Allosteric Activation
b)
Allosteric Inhibition
c)
Competitive Activation
d)
Competitive Inhibition
127.
Molecules that bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:
a)
CoFactors
b)
CoEnzymes
c)
Allosteric Inhibitors
d)
Allosteric Activators
128.
What makes an enzyme substrate specific?
a)
Size
b)
Shape
c)
Name
d)
Location it is found in
129.
__________ are nucleic acid functions
a)
store & transfer genetic info
b)
store & create energy
c)
structure & energy for cells
d)
membrane structure and nutrient transfer
130.
___________ are some functions of lipids.
a)
storing energy and  cell membrane structure
b)
providing actin & providing myosin
c)
cellulose structure and digestive assistance
d)
storing & transferring genetic info
131.
A(n) __________  is the part of the enzyme the substrate fits into.
a)
product
b)
active site
c)
enzyme
d)
substrate
132.
A substance with a pH of 4 is considered a(n)
a)
base
b)
neutral
c)
acid
133.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
134.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
135.
What macromolecule does Benedict's test for?
a)
Monosaccharide
b)
Polysaccharide
c)
Protein
d)
Lipid
136.
What color does Benedict's turn when it is positive?
a)
Blue
b)
Black
c)
Lavender
d)
Orange
137.
What test do you use to find a polysaccharide?
a)
Benedict's
b)
Biuret
c)
Iodine
d)
Solubility
138.
What type of bond is found inside of a water molecule?
a)
Covalent
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Ionic
d)
Peptide
139.
A solution has a pH of 6.4.  Which description is most appropriate?
a)
Weak Acid
b)
Strong Acid
c)
Neutral
d)
Weak Base
140.
What type of ion is found in an acid?
a)
H+
b)
OH-
c)
H2O
d)
Hydroxide
141.
Which of the following is the process used to bond the monomers together?
a)
Hydrolysis
b)
Water Removal
c)
Dehydration Synthesis
d)
Water Synthesis
142.
Which of the following helps an organism maintain homeostasis by controlling the pH level?
a)
Enzyme
b)
Buffer
c)
Acid
d)
Base
143.
What is it called when an enzyme loses it shape and no longer functions?
a)
Substrate
b)
Synthesis
c)
Polymerization
d)
Denature
144.
If you sprinkle pepper all over a surface of water and drop a little bit of soap in, the pepper will quickly move far from the soap.  Why?
a)
Soap breaks the hydrogen bonds and the remaining ones pull the pepper away.
b)
Pepper is afraid of soap.
c)
Soap cleans up the pepper.
d)
Hydrogen bonds are stronger because of the soap.
145.
Chemical reactions always involve
a)
the breaking of bonds in reactants.
b)
the formation of new bonds in products.
c)
the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products.
d)
enzymes. 
146.
Which macromolecule is made of simple and complex sugars?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
147.
Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
148.
_________ is an attraction between molecules of different substances.
a)
Cohesion
b)
Adhesion
c)
Surface Tension
d)
Capillary Action
149.
________ is a force produced by a strong attraction between water molecules.
a)
Cohesion
b)
Adhesion
c)
Surface Tension
d)
Capillary Action
150.
The lock and key model is an analogy used to explain how a _________ fits into a ___________.
a)
Substrate, Active Site
b)
Active Site, Substrate
c)
Catalysts, Products
d)
Products, Catalysts
151.
Enzymes are _______ that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
a)
Polar
b)
Nonpolar
c)
Catalysts
d)
Molecules
152.
The essential roles of enzymes are _______.
a)
Used in living things as the main source of energy and use it for structural purposes
b)
Regulate the temperature and pH of the reaction.
c)
Regulating chemical pathways, making materials that cells need, releasing energy, and transferring information.
153.
What is needed to get a reaction started?
a)
Chemical Energy
b)
Biological Energy
c)
Carbohydrate Energy
d)
Activation Energy
154.
What effects enzymes?
a)
Temperature
b)
pH Level 
c)
Substrate Concentration
d)
All of the Above
155.
The graph pictured shows the reaction pathway of a reaction that __________?
a)
Absorbs Energy
b)
Releases Energy
156.
The graph pictured shows a reaction pathway of a reaction that ________.
a)
Absorbs Energy
b)
Releases Energy
157.
The picture shown depicts an enzyme. What is the red object called?
a)
Active Site
b)
Substrate
c)
Reactant
d)
Both Substrate and Reactant
158.
Combines with 3 fatty acid chains to make up a triglyceride; part of the monomer of lipids
a)
Amino Acid
b)
Fatty Acid
c)
Glycerol
d)
Nucleotide
159.
A large molecule made up of multiple monomers
a)
Polymer
b)
Polysaccharide
c)
Macromolecules
d)
Protein 
160.
The process used to split polymers; this is done by adding water
a)
Dehydration
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Enzomatic
d)
Tetratonic
161.
The four organic compounds found in living things are?
a)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Oxygen
b)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbon
c)
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbon, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
162.
Which of the following is not one of the four properties of water?
a)
Universal Solvent
b)
Non-polar
c)
Expansion upon freezing
d)
Cohesion
163.
Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
164.
Why will salt form a solution with water but sand will not?
a)
Salt is polar, while sand is non-polar
b)
Salt is non-polar, while sand is polar
c)
Salt and sand are polar
d)
Sand is more coarse than salt
165.
TRUE or FALSE
Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
a)
True
b)
False
166.
What is being represented by letter C? 
a)
Enzyme
b)
Active site
c)
Substrate
d)
Lipid
167.
Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
a)
Cohesive behavior
b)
Moderate temperature
c)
Expansion upon freezing
d)
Universal solvent
168.
Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?
a)
the oxygen end
b)
the hydrogen end
c)
both ends are slightly positive
d)
neither end is positive
169.
Organic molecules that temporarily bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:
a)
CoFactors
b)
CoEnzymes
c)
Allosteric Inhibitors
d)
Allosteric Activators
170.
Is the diagram showing a dehydration synthesis or digestion/hydrolysis reaction? 
a)
Dehydration synthesis
b)
hydrolysis/digestion
171.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
172.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
173.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
174.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
175.
Which macromolecule is shown?
 View Figure 2 (if not visible)
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
176.
Which macromolecule is shown?
 View Figure 3 (if not visible)
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
177.
Carbohydrates are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
178.
Proteins are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
179.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
180.
The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph below. 
The optimum temperature for the action of this enzyme is approximately
a)
15⁰C
b)
22⁰C
c)
37⁰C
d)
50⁰C
181.
Which statement best describes the enzyme represented in the graphs below? 
a)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35⁰C and a pH of 8
b)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50⁰C and a pH of 12
c)
This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35⁰C and a pH of 12
182.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
45oC
183.
Organic compounds are always based on what two elements?
a)
hydrogen and oxygen
b)
nitrogen and oxygen
c)
hydrogen and carbon
d)
nitrogen and carbon
184.
Enzymes are examples of this organic compound...
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
185.
This is an example of 
a)
Lipid 
b)
Carbohydrate 
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
186.
Proteins are tested for by using....
a)
Benedict's solution
b)
Biuret solution
c)
Iodine solution
d)
Sudan III solution
187.
What is an Enzyme?
a)
energy needed to get a reaction started
b)
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
c)
proteins that act as biological catalyst to speed up reactions
188.
Which compound below is Organic?
a)
C6H12O6
b)
CO₂
c)
NH3
d)
O2
189.
In a molecule of DNA the sub-units are called
a)
nucleotides
b)
simple sugars
c)
lipids
d)
proteins
190.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins
a)
Acts as a catalyst to speed up reactions
b)
Fight infections and diseases (Immunity)
c)
carries oxygen within red blood cells
d)
Store genetic Information
191.
Proteins are made of smaller units called:
a)
Glucose 
b)
Cellulose 
c)
Fatty acids
d)
Amino acids
192.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction?

a)

Increasing activation energy

b)

Decreasing activation energy

c)

Increasing deactivation energy

d)

Decreasing deactivation energy

193.

Which macromolecules has a nitrogen base and phosphate found in its structure?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

194.

What is one thing that a carbohydrate and protein have in common?

a)

They are both non-polar

b)

They both contain a nitrogen in their stucture

c)

They are polymers

d)

They are both made up of amino acids

195.

If a substance has the elements CHO and is not soluble in water, which of the macromolecules would this substance be?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protien

d)

Nucleic Acid

196.

What property of water allows aquatic organisms to survive when the temperature drops below freezing?

a)

expansion upon freezing

b)

capillary action

c)

universal solvent

d)

surface tension

197.

What does pH measure?

a)

the amount of hydrogen (H+) ions

b)

the amount of hydroxide (OH-) ions

c)

amount of water

d)

all of the above

198.

The _____________________ mechanism describes how an enzyme changes shape once the substrate is bonded.

a)

hammer and nail

b)

induced fit

c)

jigsaw puzzle

d)

lock and key

199.

Once a new product leaves an enzyme, the enzyme is unchanged and ready for the next substrate. What is this called?

a)

fragile

b)

reusable

c)

specific

d)

catalyst

200.

A baby is locked in the car on a hot day. What is most likely to happen to the child?

a)

The child's body will adjust and cause it to maintain homeostasis

b)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to speed up in the body, which will lead to death.

c)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to slow down in the body, which will lead to death.

d)

The activation energy for chemical reactions will remain unchanged and therefore the child will live.

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