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Unit 4 Lesson 2: Lines of Evidence for Evolution

Total questions: 39

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
2.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
3.
Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis bone.  Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale.  Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)
a)
vestigial structure
b)
analogous structure
c)
homologous structure
4.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
5.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
opposable thumbs
6.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog
7.
The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the ones pictured here, are similar in terms of number of bones and the orientation of bones. Which best describes how comparing homologous structures provides evidence of evolution?
a)
The genes for the body plan and forelimb layout were present in a common ancestral species vertebrates share, thus passed onto all vertebrates.
b)
Similar anatomical structures show how animals adapt to changing environments
c)
Homologous structures show that different species evolve at different rates
d)
Homologous structures don’t actually provide evidence for evolution
8.
Evolution is called a theory because
a)
we are not sure if it is true
b)
there's not enough evidence yet
c)
scientific theories are supported by a large amount of evidence
d)
none of these is true
9.

A category of body structures that are formed in similar ways during embryonic development and share similar patterns of bone structure.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Bone structures

10.

Select the two most important characteristics that distinguish homologous structures.

a)

Similar bone structures

b)

Similar function

c)

Similar embryonic development

d)

Similar species

11.

A category of structures that have a similar function, but are structurally different.

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

Common core structures

12.

What are the most important characteristics of analogous structures?

a)

Structures that perform the same function

b)

Structurally different

c)

Structurally the same

d)

Structures that perform different functions

13.

The appendix, tailbone, and wisdom teeth are all examples of what type of structure in humans?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Modern

14.

Observe the two fish in the image. The cave fish and minnow are genetically related to each other and are similar in many ways. The cave fish lives very deep in the ocean where there is no light. It has only the remnants of eyes and is blind. Minnows live in shallow waters where the water has light. Their eye sight is important for their survival. Which statement below best describes these two fish?

a)

The DNA of the cave fish has changed over time to differ from the minnow. Since there is no light where the cave fish lives, it was not necessary to have working eyes. Over time, mutations occurred which proved to improve the survival of the cave fish, which is why they are now blind and have only physical remnants of eyes.

b)

The DNA has not mutated over time and despite all of the evidence that suggests these two are genetically similar, one has eyes and the other does not so they must not be related.

c)

Cave fish must have been attacked by predators, which is why they only have the remnants of eyes.

15.

Does the presence of homologous structures in genetically different animals suggest common ancestry?

a)

Yes

b)

No

16.
The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved is known as ________________________.
a)
a common ancestor.
b)
an embryonic stage.
c)
development.
d)
evolution.
17.
Common ancestry relates to evolution because
a)
evolution only happens when there are common ancestors.
b)
Common ancestors make evolution happen more quickly.
c)
evolution can never take place with common ancestors.
d)
the more two organisms have in common, the more recent is their common ancestor during their evolution.
18.
In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________
a)
look very similar.
b)
have very different features.
c)
show different stages of development.
d)
have only a tail if they are non-human.
19.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
20.
Which is not evidence for evolution?
a)
many animals have homologous structures due to common ancestry
b)
Many animals have vestigial structures from an ancestor
c)
We can observe changes in life forms by observing the fossil record
d)
All of these are evidence for evolution
21.
The changes of species over time
a)
Embryonic 
b)
Natural selection 
c)
Mimicry 
d)
Evolution 
22.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
23.

What conclusions can be made based on this table shown?

a)

the American black bear and the giant panda are most closely related

b)

the giant panda and the red panda are most closely related

c)

the red panda and the racoon are the most closely related

d)

the giant panda and the racoon are most closely related

24.
The picture shows the members of the Camelidae family. The physical features and the geographical origin of these animals provide evidence that - 
a)
they live in the same type of environment.
b)
have slowly evolved to become herbivores.
c)
have a common ancestor.
d)
exchanged DNA in the past.
25.
When you compare DNA or proteins to support evolution, you are using what kind of evidence?
a)
anatomical evidence
b)
molecular evidence
c)
fossil evidence
26.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
27.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?
a)
species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
b)
species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
c)
species A is younger than species B
d)
species A is older than species B
28.

A scientist compares DNA taken from four different living species. Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Species X evolved from Species Y.

b)

Species A and Z share a recent common ancestor.

c)

Species A and Species Y are the same.

d)

Species Y and Species Z can interbreed.

29.

Since their DNA is so similar, evolutionary theory implies that whales descended from land animals that were also the common ancestor to

a)

Ants

b)

Dinosaurs

c)

the Hippopotamus

d)

Fish

30.

Which of the following provide evidence for evolution? (Select all that apply)

a)

physical features

b)

molecular features, such as DNA

c)

geographical information

d)

fossils

31.

Mutations are important because they bring about --

a)

death in the organisms in which they develop.

b)

benefits for the individual, not the population.

c)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve.

d)

equilibrium within a population.

32.

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed down to offspring?

a)

because they come from recessive alleles.

b)

because they come from dominant alleles

c)

because they help the organism survive and reproduce.

d)

because once a trait is in the gene pool, it cannot go away.

33.

The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagram shows the skeletons of three different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?

a)

It provides information about the organisms' habitats.

b)

It provides information to determine the organisms' ages.

c)

It shows possible common ancestry between organisms.

d)

It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms.

34.

Amino acid sequences can be compared to determine relationships between species. When comparing the sequences provided, which two organisms are humans most closely related to?

a)

horses and gorillas

b)

gorillas and chimpanzees

c)

chimpanzees and zebras

d)

zebras and horses

35.

When scientists compare the amino acid sequences for the red blood cell protein hemoglobin between various species, what can they determine about the evolutionary relationship between the species?

a)

It can be determined how efficient hemoglobin is for different species.

b)

It can determine relatedness between members of the same species.

c)

It can provide evidence about the relatedness of different species.

d)

It can show which species evolved first.

36.

Which animals have amniotic eggs?

a)

Turtle and Tuna

b)

Turtle and Leopard

c)

Lancelet and Lamprey

d)

Tuna and Slaamander

37.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
38.
A common ancestor for both A and E could be at position __.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
39.

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

a)

The color patterns of the offspring of each species

b)

How much the size ranges of the two species differ

c)

The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

d)

How closely related the two species are to each other.

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