The mainstream approach to development argues that there is a linear path from __________ to __________.

A UN Development Program report on the 1990s stated that no fewer than ___________ developing or "in transition" countries had experienced serious economic decline over the previous three decades.

What academic model asserts that countries transition from premodern to post modern?

Modernization theory views development as synonymous with _______________.

According to modernization theory, countries with lower per capita income are

What regime or institution promotes economic growth through trade liberalization coupled with pro-poor growth and poverty reduction policies?

What term describes the idea that development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs?

Which of the following is NOT a threat to local subsistence food production?

What relationship did Thomas Malthus write about?

In developing countries social security refers to what?

What role do transnational corporations play in the global food regime ?

What country/organization has been the most active in the global food regime?

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the developing world becoming dependent on food aid?

Why has the Global South become export-oriented, and adopted large-scale mechanized agricultural processes?

The ____________ revolution caused peasants to lose their lands because their labor was no longer needed.

How did agricultural trade liberalization impact food security?

Neoliberal economic policies have caused rising ___________ within and among states.

When it comes to poverty policy there is still disagreement over the importance of what aspects ?

Which approach to poverty focuses on money?

As globalization has intensified poverty around the world has come to characterize significant sectors of all of these populations except ______.

What two countries started the movement to discuss poverty in terms of the number of people living on a dollar a day?

During the cold war, the colonial ties caused many Third World nations to side with which economic ideology?

Rather than focusing on economic growth, critical alternative theorists emphasize what?

Which theory argues that core countries advanced because of the underdeveloped third world countries?

Which approach to poverty relief focuses on the local community perspective?

What has stimulated urbanization in the Global South?

What signals concern about an issue and establishes mechanisms for the dissemination of new scientific data?

How many industrialized countries joined the EU to create the Kyoto Protocol and reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

What key term was introduced to the public in the Brundtland Report, 1987?

What protocol was established to address the hole in the ozone layer?

In what decade did the scientific consensus around global warming occur?

Which of the following does NOT explain why greenhouse gas emissions have increased?

Prior to globalization, international environmental concerns focused on what?

What precedent did the Trail Smelter case establish?

What is the most predominant approach for explaining environmental regimes?

What is the name given to transnational groups of professionals and experts that are influential in environmental policy?

Which economic policies are associated with squandering resources through consumerism?

One of the most immediate and long-lasting consequences of war is the destruction of ____________.

The U.S. used the herbicide Agent Orange during what war?

CFCs are associated with what environmental problem?

What do we call the principle that argues that full and definitive scientific proof should NOT be required before banning activities likely to harm the environment?

This group has three working groups: (1) climate science, (2) impacts, and (3) economic and social dimensions, what group is it?

What is the global commons?

What is the name given to the buying and selling of carbon credits?

Why was the Kyoto Protocol harder to achieve than the Montreal Protocol?

Cooperation regarding climate change is hindered by what structural division?

When a country becomes carbon neutral while other countries continue to pollute while enjoying the cleaner air thanks to the first country , what are the polluting countries doing?

What agreement created the idea of common by differentiated responsibilities in fighting global warming?

Who has observed that changes in knowledge are important?

What were the earliest global commons?

Cap and Trade programs create a market system for buying and selling what?