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Spinal Cord Injuries

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 20hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the definition of spinal cord injury?

4 lines
2.

Mechanisms of spinal cord injuries include the following, EXCEPT:

a)

Direct trauma

b)

Compression by bone fragments/ hematoma/ disc material

c)

Ischemia from damage/ impingement on spina arteries

d)

Cerebellar lesions

3.

Out of the following, which one is most common cause of spinal cord injury according to national spinal cord injury database?

a)

MVA

b)

Falls

c)

Violence

d)

Sports

4.

Out of the following, which one is least common cause of spinal cord injury according to national spinal cord injury database?

a)

MVA

b)

Falls

c)

Violence

d)

Sports

5.

Spinal cord injuries are most common in male or females?

a)

Male

b)

Female

6.

Other causes of spinal cord injuries are stated below, EXCEPT:

a)

Vascular disorders

b)

Tumours

c)

Infectious conditions

d)

Spondylosis

e)

Posture

7.

Spinal cord extends from medulla oblongata to

a)

L1

b)

L2

c)

L3

d)

L4

e)

L5

8.

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

a)

12

b)

21

c)

13

d)

31

9.

There are _____ lumbar nerves.

a)

8

b)

12

c)

5

d)

1

10.

There are _____ cervical nerves.

a)

8

b)

12

c)

5

d)

1

11.

There are _____ thoracic nerves.

a)

8

b)

12

c)

5

d)

1

12.

There are _____ sacral nerves.

a)

8

b)

12

c)

5

d)

1

13.

There are _____ coccygeal nerves.

a)

8

b)

12

c)

5

d)

1

14.

Sensory fibers go ito ______ root.

a)

dorsal

b)

ventral

15.

Motor fibers come out from ______ root.

a)

dorsal

b)

ventral

16.

Dorsal and ventral roots join at (a)   to form spinal nerve

17.

__________ consists sensory and motor nerve cells

a)

Grey matter

b)

White matter

18.

__________ consists ascending and descending tracts.

a)

Grey matter

b)

White matter

19.

Fine touch

Light pressure

Proprioception

a)

Posterior column

b)

Lateral corticospinal tract

c)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

20.

Pain and temperature sensation

a)

Posterior column

b)

Lateral corticospinal tract

c)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

21.

Skilled voluntary movt

a)

Posterior column

b)

Lateral corticospinal tract

c)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

22.

Posterior column and lateral corticospinal tract crosses over at (a)   .

23.

________ crosses in spinal cord and ascends on opp side

a)

Posterior Column

b)

Lateral corticospinal tract

c)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

24.

__________ is area of skin innervated by sensory axons of particular nerve root.

a)

Dermatome

b)

Myotome

25.

__________ is segmental nerve root innervating a muscle

a)

Dermatome

b)

Myotome

26.

C5 - _________

a)

Deltoid

b)

Wrist extensors

c)

Elbow extensors

d)

Long finger flexors

e)

Small hand muscles

27.

C6 - _________

a)

Deltoid

b)

Wrist extensors

c)

Elbow extensors

d)

Long finger flexors

e)

Small hand muscles

28.

C7 - _________

a)

Deltoid

b)

Wrist extensors

c)

Elbow extensors

d)

Long finger flexors

e)

Small hand muscles

29.

C8 - _________

a)

Deltoid

b)

Wrist extensors

c)

Elbow extensors

d)

Long finger flexors

e)

Small hand muscles

30.

T1 - _________

a)

Deltoid

b)

Wrist extensors

c)

Elbow extensors

d)

Long finger flexors

e)

Small hand muscles

31.

L2 - _________

a)

Hip flexors

b)

Knee extensors

c)

Knee flexion

d)

Ankle dorsiflexion

e)

Ankle plantarflexion

32.

L3, L4 - _________

a)

Hip flexors

b)

Knee extensors

c)

Knee flexion

d)

Ankle dorsiflexion

e)

Ankle plantarflexion

33.

L4,5 - S1 - _________

a)

Hip flexors

b)

Knee extensors

c)

Knee flexion

d)

Ankle dorsiflexion

e)

Ankle plantarflexion

34.

L5 - _________

a)

Hip flexors

b)

Knee extensors

c)

Knee flexion

d)

Ankle dorsiflexion

e)

Ankle plantarflexion

35.

S1 - _________

a)

Hip flexors

b)

Knee extensors

c)

Knee flexion

d)

Ankle dorsiflexion

e)

Ankle plantarflexion

36.

Quadriplegia is injury in _________ region.

a)

cervical

b)

lumbar

c)

thoracic

d)

sacral

37.

In ________, all four extremities are affected.

a)

quadriplegia

b)

paraplegia

38.

Para[legi is injury in _________ regions. (select all that apply)

a)

cervical

b)

lumbar

c)

thoracic

d)

sacral

39.

In ________, 2 extremities are affected.

a)

quadriplegia

b)

paraplegia

40.

In complete spinal cord injury, the characteristics are:

a)

Loss of voluntary movt of the part innervated by the segment. this is irreversible

b)

Loss of sensation

c)

Spinal shock

d)

More favourable prognosis overall

41.

Following are characteristics of incomplete spinal cord injury, EXCEPT:

a)

Some function is present below site of injury

b)

Recognizable patterns of injury is present, although they are rarely pure, and variations occur

c)

Spinal shock

d)

More favourable prognosis overall

42.

Define types of spinal cord injury on basis of ASIA impairment scale

4 lines
43.

Differentiate bw spinal shock and neurogenic shock.

4 lines
44.

Following are characteristics of spinal shock, EXCEPT:

a)

transient depression of reflex of cord function below level of injury

b)

initially HPT d/t catecholamine release

c)

followed by hypotension

d)

bowel and bladder involved

e)

loss of vasomotor tone - pooling of blood

45.

Following are characteristics of neurogenic shock

a)

triad of hypotension, bradycardia and hypothermia

b)

secondary to disruption of sympathetic outflow from T1-L2

c)

more common in injuries above T6

d)

loss of cardiac sympathetic tone

e)

loss of vasomotor tone - pooling of blood

46.

Massive fluid administration may lead to overload and pulmonary edema

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

47.

Pooling of blood d/t loss of vasomotor tone

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

48.

Bowel and bladder involved

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

49.

D/t hyperextension injury

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

50.

Typically in older patients

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

51.

In central cord syndrome. the cord is compressed anteriorly by _____________

a)

osteophytes

b)

ligamentum flavum

c)

bony spurs

d)

ligamentum periosteum

52.

In central cord syndrome. the cord is compressed posteriorly by _____________

a)

osteophytes

b)

ligamentum flavum

c)

bony spurs

d)

ligamentum periosteum

53.

In central cord syndrome. there is flaccid weakness in legs > arms

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Perianal sensation and some lower extremity movt and sensation may be preserved

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

55.

Flexion/rotation injuries

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

56.

Anterior dislocation/compression fractures of vertebral body encroaching the ventral canal

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

57.

Corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts are damaged by either direct trauma or ischemia of blood supply by anterior spinal arteries

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

58.

In anterior cord syndrome, ___________ and ________ tracts are damaged.

a)

corticopsinal

b)

spinothalamic

c)

spinocerebellar

59.

- Loss of power

- Decrease in pain and sensation below lesion

- Dorsal columns remain intact

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

60.

Hyperextension injuries w fracture of posterior elements of vertebrae

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

61.

Proprioception affected

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

62.

Usually good power and sensation

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

63.

D/t penetrating injuries like stab wounds and gunshot wounds

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

64.

D/t fractures of lateral mass of vertebra

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

65.

Brown-sequard syndrome characteristics:

a)

Paralysis on affected side (corticospinal)

b)

Loss of proprioception and fine discrimination (dorsal column)

c)

Pain and temp loss on opp side below lesion (spinothalamic)

d)

Usually good power and sensation

66.

D/t bony compression or disc protrusions in lumbar or sacral region

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

67.

- back pain

- bowel bladder dysfunction

- leg numbness and weakness

- saddle paresthesia

a)

Central cord syndrome

b)

Anterior cord syndrome

c)

Posterior cord syndrome

d)

Brown-Sequard syndrome

e)

Cauda equina syndrome

68.

Frequently injured nerve junctions, EXCEPT

a)

C7-T1

b)

L1-L2

c)

L4-L5

d)

L5-S1

e)

T8-T10

69.

________ resp for position and vibration

a)

Posterior column

b)

Anterior column

c)

Lateral column

70.

________ resp for pain and temp

a)

Posterior column

b)

Anterior column

c)

Lateral column

71.

________ resp for voluntary movt

a)

Posterior column

b)

Anterior column

c)

Lateral column

72.

If __________ is affected, pt will have problem in position and vibration, fine touch, light pressure and proprioception (2 pt discrimination)

a)

Posterior column

b)

Anterior column

c)

Lateral column

73.

If __________ is affected, pt will feel when you touch, pinch, temp but cant move legs

a)

Posterior tract

b)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

c)

Lateral corticospinal tract

74.

________ resp for pain, hard touch and temp

a)

Posterior tract

b)

Lateral spinothalamic tract

c)

Lateral corticospinal tract

75.

(a)   pain cannot be treated or traced back

76.

This is a descending tract

a)

spinothalamic tract

b)

corticospinal tract

77.

This is a ascending tract

a)

spinothalamic tract

b)

corticospinal tract

78.

_____ imp for bladder control

a)

S1-S2

b)

S2-S3

c)

S3-S4

d)

S4-S5

79.

Hyperreflexive in _________

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

80.

Hyporeflexive in _________

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

81.

Below T6

a)

Spinal shock

b)

Neurogenic shock

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