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WorksheetsBiology Exam 4
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins
If a molecule of CO2 released into the blood your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following EXCEPT:
The pulmonary vein
The right atrium
The right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Which of the following is MISMATCHED with its function?
Diaphragm = muscle that contracts and relaxes to control inhalation and exhalation
Alveoli = location in lungs where gas exchange occurs between blood of circulatory and lungs of respiratory system
Veins = blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries = blood vessels that carry blood away from lungs
Why do cells need 02?
To do photosynthesis
To do cellular respiration
To do fermentation
To make macromolecules
Hormone molecules are classified based on their structure as either a lipid-derived or amino-acid derived hormone. Which class of hormones can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane of cells?
Lipid-derived
Amino acid derived
Humans have endoskeletons but other types of skeletons exist, such as exoskeletons and hydrostatic skeletons. Which of the following organisms do you think has an exoskeleton?
Beetle
Frog
Bird
Bacteria
Jelly fish
Arrange the following structures of a skeletal muscle from the largest to the smallest in size:
1. Muscle Fibers
2. Myosin and actin
3. Myofibril
4. Sarcomeres
1, 2, 3, 4
4, 3, 2, 1
1, 3, 2, 4
1, 3, 4, 2
Muscle ______ occurs when sarcomeres shorten, while muscle ______ occurs when sarcomeres lengthen.
Atrophy; repair
Strengthening; weakening
Contraction; relaxation
Relaxation; contraction
Which of these allows your nervous system to "receive input"?
See
Taste
Touch/feel
Smell
All of these
The loss of glial cells has no effect on neuron function.
True
False
In a typical motor neuron, what is the correct sequence in which these structures usually become involved in transmitting a signal?
1. Cell body
2. Axon
3. Synapse
4. Dendrites
5. Axon terminals
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
5, 4, 1, 3, 2
4, 3, 1, 2, 5
5, 4, 1, 2, 3
4, 1, 2, 5, 3
Which of the following could NOT constitute a virus?
DNA plus protein
Protein plus lipid envelope
RNA plus protein
RNA plus protein plus lipid envelope
Why are viruses referred to as obligate parasites?
They use the host cell to reproduce
Viral DNA always inserts itself into host DNA
They invariably kill any cell they infect
They can incorporate nucleic acids from other viruses
They must use enzymes encoded by the virus itself
Which is true of a secondary immune response?
It is bought about by memory cells
It is less effective than a primary immune response
Exposure to the pathogen via a vaccine prevents a secondary immune response
After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another primary immune response
The innate defenses include all of these except:
antibody molecules
inflammation
microbiome
phagocytosis by white blood cells
the skin
Which of the following statements regarding the proliferation of B cells in vertebrate animals is INCORRECT?
Plasma B cells are short-lived and take effect immediately against the antigen
Plasma B cells are long-lived and take effect immediately against the antigen
Plasma B cells secrete antibodies
Memory cells are long-lived and will respond during a second infection by the same antigen
In vertebrate animals, adaptive immunity helps immune defenses. Which of the following is NOT a form of adaptive immunity?
recognition of and specific responses to particular pathogens
skin barrier
antibodies that defend against infection
cytotoxic cells that defend against infection in body cells
In external fertilization, the egg and sperm unite in (or on):
The female reproductive tract
The air
The male reproductive tract
Land
Water
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that:
oogenesis produces diploid eggs while spermatogenesis produces haploid sperm
oogenesis happens once a month while spermatogenesis occurs all the time
oogenesis is required for sexual reproduction while spermatogenesis is not
oogenesis produces one mature egg while spermatogenesis produces four mature sperm
Diploidy is first re-established following:
fertilization
gastrulation
organogenesis
ovulation
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects demography?
Number of individuals that migrate out of a population
Death rates exceeding birth rates
Number of individuals surviving to a reproductive age
All of the above affect demography
True or False: Exponential growth can be sustained for a long period of time
True
False
A population of deer grows from 100 to 200 to 600, and when it gets to 600, it levels off. This population must have reached:
exponential growth
carrying capacity
extinction date
peak capacity
With a typical predator and prey relationship, when the prey population increases, then:
the predator population decreases
the predator population remains stable
the predator population increases
the predator population goes extinct
Which best describes resource partitioning?
Two species can coevolve to share identical niches
Competitive exclusion always results in the success of the superior species
Carrying capacity is reached for both species when no new niches are available
Differential resource utilization results in decreased competition between the two species
Pisaster species, an uncommon sea star, was removed from some communities, and the species diversity dropped dramatically. From this, one can conclude that:
uncommon species are more vital to the community than common species
predators are more vital to the community than prey
Pisaster likely consumed dominant organisms
the experiment was poorly designed
removing one species always hurts the community
True or False: Biotic parts of an ecosystem can be defined as all the nonliving elements found within the environment
True
False
A primary consumer is to a herbivore like a primary producer is to a(n) _____.
Carnivore
Omnivore
Autotroph
Apex consumer
The gallbladder is responsible for secreting bicarbonate that neutralizes acidic chyme and a variety of enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins and carbohydrates.
True
False
What is the term for the sac-like organ that secretes digestive juices and has an acidic pH between 1.5 and 2.5?
esophagus
colon
stomach
small intestine
How many regions does the colon have?
5
3
2
1
4
The mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice is called _______.
pepsin
bile
mineral
chyme
Where does physical and chemical digestion begin?
stomach
large intestine
esophagus
oral cavity
Blood moves uni-directionally for the heart around one of two circulatory routes, then returns to the heart again in an open circulatory system.
True
False
Air enters the lungs through the ____.
Primary bronchi
Larynx
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Where is the only place gas exchange occurs?
Nasal cavity
Bronchi
Trachea
Alveoli
How many "pumps" does the heart contain?
5
3
4
1
2
What is the name of the major artery of the body that takes oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body?
Aorta
Bicuspid valva
Tricuspid valve
Ventricle
Atrium
Which of the following is NOT a hormone-secreting gland?
Adrenal
Pancreas
Thymus
Thyroid
Appendix
Hormone production and release are primarily regulated by:
negative feedback
positive feedback
muscular signaling
Which is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
producing blood cells
producing hormones
allowing for movement
protecting internal organs
providing support to the body
At point at which two or more bones meet is called a ______.
sacromere
vertebral column
skull
joint
Which of the following correctly defines the function of smooth muscle?
control locomotion and any other movement that can be consciously controlled
only found in the heart, pumps blood throughout the body and maintains blood pressure
occurs in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines, stomach, and urinary bladder, and around passages such as in the respiratory tract and blood vessel
What is the function of the glial cells?
specialized cells that signal the release of hormones such as prolactin
cells that provide insulation and signal transduction of neurons
tree-like structures that extend away from the cell body to receive messages from other neurons
cells that provide support functions for the neurons
The "all-or-nothing" signal that comes from neurons when they release a neurotransmitter is called:
Dendritic signaling
Intraneuronal communication
Neurogenesis
Action potential
The firing of a neuron is controlled primarily by which chemical(s):
Na+
Na+, K+
Ca2+, Mg2+
Na+, Mg2+
What is the function of myelin sheath in the nervous system?
Tree-like structures that extend away from the cell body to receive messages from other neurons
Provides specialized structural support for neurons
Acts as an insulator to keep the electrical signal from dissipating as it travels down the axon and quickens neuronal signaling
The _____ includes the brain and spinal cord, while the _____ includes the nerves in the rest of the body.
PNS; CNS
CNS; PNS
autonomic; sensory-somatic
dendrites; axons
What is the term for the protective layer or protein that all virions have surrounding their nucleic-acid genome?
glycoprotein
acellular
capsid
virus
What is prepared by using live weakened viruses, killed viruses, or molecular subunits of the virus?
apoptosis
viral envelope
attenuation
vaccine
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
True
False
Viruses are acellular, and are not classified within any domain because they are not considered alive.
True
False
What molecule on a virus is used by the virus to attach to its viral receptors on the surface of their host cells?
capids
flagella
viral envelope
glycoproteins
Which of these is FALSE in regards to the inflammatory response?
It is a natural response to physical trauma, chemical irritation, or infection
ALL of these are TRUE.
Fevers caused by cytokines can be beneficial for the body
Neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens in the area of inflammation
Mactrophages clean up cell debris and pathogens
White blood cells have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
larger than red blood cells
do not have nuclei
can be found in the blood, lymph, and mucosa
can move by amoeboid locomotion
Which of these are FALSE in regards to antibodies?
Can interfere with a virus or bacteria's ability to infect other cells
Production of antibodies by plasma cells in response to an antigen is called passive immunity
Produced by plasma cells
Mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells
Type I Diabetes is the result of an autoimmune response by the body that destroys pancreatic cells.
True
False
Allergies, to harmless pollen for instance, are classified as:
immunodeficiency
delated hypersensitivity
immediate hypersensitivity
an autoimmune reaction
What hormones regulate reproductive cycles in human females? (Select all that apply.)
progesterone
estrogen
testosterone
GnRH
Humans, like most mammals, use a form of internal fertilization called:
oviparity
gestation
viviparity
ovoviparity
Fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis are all ways of sexual reproduction.
True
False
Fusion of a sperm and an egg is called ____.
pollination
zygotic fusion
fertilization
meiosis
Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is FALSE?
Semen is a mixture of sperm and fluids
The vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the ejaculatory duct
Sertoli cells are located in the prostate and produce the hormone testosterone
Both the prostate and the bulbourethral accessory glands produce components of the semen
The number of individuals per unit area is ______.
population distribution
population density
population squared
population size
Survivorship curves relate:
number of predators vs. number of prey
number of individuals surviving to each age vs. time
number of surviving individuals vs. abundance of resources
number of individual dying vs. number of individuals surviving
Humans are an example of a Type ____ survivorship curve/
I
III
IV
II
Exponential growth produces a _____ growth curve.
flat
J-shaped
linear
S-shaped
Populations with limited resources often have intense infraspecific competition and exhibit _____ growth.
erratic
logistic
random
exponential
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that prey use to avoid predation?
competitive exclusion
mimicry
mechanical defenses
camouflage such as body color or shape that matches the environment
Two species have very similar niches. One species is a better competitor than the other species. What is likely to happen?
The species that is the better competitor drive the other species to extinction
One species starts to prey on the other species
Both species go extinct
The two species become symbiotic
Interaction of two species where one species benefits while the other species is neither helped or harmed is called:
Mutalism
Parasitism
Indifference
Commensalism
Species richness is greatest:
at the equator
in the summer months
near the North and South poles
when there are fewer predators
A native species that has a large influence on the biodiversity of a community is called a:
dominant species
pioneer species
invasive species
keystone species
What is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is:
ATP
the moon
GTP
the sun
Herbivores are also known as:
Carnivores
Primary consumers
Producers
Secondary consumers
A major factor limiting the number of steps in a food chain is:
biological magnification
oxygen
decomposers
energy
Which of the following is NOT a major biogeochemical cycle?
nitrogen
carbon
phosphorous
sulfur
oxygen
When an influx of nutrients causes the overgrowth of algae (and other microorganisms), this is called:
greenhouse growth
eutrophication
algicaion
exponential phase
Which of the following IS an abiotic factor influencing the distributions of terrestrial biomes on Earth?
temperature
light
wind
oxygen
Which terrestrial biome is characterized by their location on the downwind side of mountain ranges, low species diversity, and low, unpredictable precipitation?
Deserts
Chaparral
Savannas
Arctic Tundra
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor influencing the distributions of aquatic biomes on Earth?
dissolved solids
light
temperature
precipitation
Which aquatic biome is created where a fresh water source meets the salt water of an ocean?
Coral reefs
Wetlands
Rivers and Streams
Estuaries
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
1
2
6
True or False: Atria is on "top" and ventricles are on the "bottom"
True
False
Which blood vessel carries blood to the heart?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
True or False: Multiple sclerosis is a disease where the myelin sheath is gradually lost
True
False
