the ability to see the link between society and self

A set of assumptions accepted as true

examines how group members use shared symbols as they interact.

process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire.

a view that looks at behavior of groups, not individuals

views society as an integrated whole.

anything that carries meaning to a specific group of people or culture.

the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community

ideas, knowledge, and beliefs, that influence people’s behavior

The concrete, tangible objects of a culture

the values and customs of a group of people

the process of learning through which the values, standards, norms, etc. of a culture are passed on to succeeding generations

the structure of a language determines a native speaker's perception and categorization of experience.

a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

A formal or informal rule or standard enacted by a political entity and enforced by agents with recognized authority

the learned behaviour shared by a social group

the customs, norms, and behaviors that are acceptable to a society or social group

sanction imposed by persons given special authority (judges and teachers)

broad ideas about what most people in a society consider to be desirable

rewards of punishments that can be applied by most members of a group

the prohibition of an action based on the belief that such behaviour is either too sacred and consecrated or too dangerous and accursed for ordinary individuals to undertake

Ideas about the nature of reality

the existence of a variety of cultural groups within a society

a group of people within a culture that differentiates itself from the parent culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles

the culture and lifestyle of those people, especially among the young, who reject or oppose the dominant values and behavior of society

an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all known human cultures worldwide

an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship to social and cognitive development

a Polish-American Gestalt psychologist and pioneer in social psychology. He created seminal pieces of work in impression formation, prestige suggestion, conformity, and many other topics

an American social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiments on obedience conducted in the 1960s during his professorship at Yale

the victim of severe child abuse and a research subject in language acquisition

the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.

a feral child from Pennsylvania who was raised in isolation because she was an illegitimate child

an illegitimate child and was kept in seclusion. Her mother had developed normally up to the age of two years and then, as a result of an accident, had become deaf-mute and had not been educated

how you perceive your behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics

when children learn how to take on the role of other individuals in the game and develop an understanding of the generalized other

any individual who has a profound influence on another person, particularly on his or her self-image and socialization

the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

The process of assuming the role of another individual to understand their point of view

when children learn to mimic the behaviors of those around them

the child begins to take on the role of significant others such as pretending to be his or her mother. With this behavior, the child begins to see the self as others do.

a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests, age, background, or social status

large-scale organizations which use one or more of these technologies(print, radio, or television) to communicate with large numbers of people

deprivation of the capacity for social intercourse.

the process of learning new attitudes and norms required for a new social role

a group to which an individual or another group is compared. any group that is used by an individual as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.

the process, facilitated by social interactions, in which non-group-members learn to take on the values and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it

EXPLAINS SOCIALIZATION:

the socialization process is coercive, forcing us to accept the values and norms of society

the level of social value a person is considered to hold

EXPLAINS SOCIALIZATION:

sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality

EXPLAINS SOCIALIZATION:

say that people study and interpret the things that they are taught during socialization.

a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit and is earned or chosen

a collection of social statuses that an individual holds

the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual

the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals

assigned to individuals at birth without reference to any innate abilities

how a person expresses his or her role

the process of reciprocal influence exercised by individuals over one another during social encounters

legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement

the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status

the stress when, for any number of reasons, an individual cannot meet the demands of their social roles

lead people to act in ways that society deems acceptable

when there are incompatible demands placed upon a person relating to their job or position

a collection of people who are in the same place at the same time

people make decisions by consciously or unconsciously measuring the costs and rewards of a relationship or action

A group of people defined by social class or other common attributes of a social nature

People who share only part of their lives while focusing on a goal or task

a collection of humans who share certain characteristics, interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations, and share a common identity

a group to which an individual or another group is compared. used by an individual as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.

people who are emotionally close, know one another well, and seek one another’s company

characterized by direct, personal, and intimate interactions

involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another

a process or situation in which two or more human beings or groups seek actively to threat each other's purposes, to prevent each other's interests, even to the extent of injuring or destroying the other

a form of social interaction wherein two or more persons work together to gain a common end.

the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire

Compelling an individual or group—either intellectually, morally, or physically—to do something

the actions and/ or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules as well as informal violations of social norms

person engages only in isolated acts of deviants. Break law the first time (any maybe only time), not a part of their lifestyle

example: An adolescent consuming beer with friends at a party for the first time

the disapproval of, or discrimination against, a person based on perceivable social characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society

deviant behavior that violates prevailing norms, or cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally

deviants as a lifestyle and as a personal identity. Deviance is their master status

example: Gang members, gangsters

Any crime committed by respectable and high-status people in the course of their occupations

Process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status

Made up of the institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statuses

type of punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts

keeping criminals in prison

Uses the threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions

Returning to criminal behavior, particularly after incarceration

a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization

view on deviance:

produced by the processes of social interaction and the attachment of meaning to behavior.

the use of physical. force with the intent of inflicting pain on a child, but not injury, with the purpose of correcting

view on deviance:

some deviance can contribute to the smooth operation of society

view on deviance:

In terms of social inequality and power. Most powerful members of a society determine who will be regarded as deviant

the movement of individuals or groups between social classes

involves changing from one occupation to another at the same social class level

a person’s occupational status or social class moves upward or downward.

ranking of people or groups according to their unequal access to scarce resources

segment of society whose members hold similar amounts of resources and share values, norms, and an identifiable lifestyle

the extent to which some key characteristics and outcomes of individuals differ from those of their parents (through generations)

the self-understanding of members of a social class.

the reputation or esteem associated with one's position in society

rigid social groups characterized by hereditary transmission of life style, occupation and social status

a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group

the stratification that facilitates social mobility, with individual achievement and personal merit determining social rank

view on social stratification:

Recognizes that inequality exists because certain jobs are more important than others and that these jobs often involve special talent and training.

view on social stratification:

a person’s social class is the result of talent and effort. Those “on top” have worked hard and used their abilities, whereas those “on the bottom” lack the talent or the motivation to succeed.

view on social stratification:

Inequality exists because some people are willing to exploit others. Stratification, from this perspective, is based on force rather than on people voluntarily agreeing to it

a group of people with physical or cultural traits

different from those of

the dominant group in

the society

people sharing certain inherited physical characteristics that are considered important within a society

cultural and national identity.

the blending or fusing of minority groups into the dominant society

a condition in which minority groups participate fully in the dominant society, yet maintain their cultural differences

group identified by cultural, religious, or national characteristics

the movement of a large group of people from one region to another

the systematic effort to destroy an entire population

describes assimilation in the Unites States as a coercive and one-sided process that was designed to maintain the predominance of the English language

a place where a variety of peoples, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole

a process of mutual adaptation between persons or groups, usually achieved by eliminating or reducing hostility, as by compromise or arbitration

is like oppression or conquest: one group takes control over another and forces them to do as they're told

the legally allowed or enforced separation of groups of people.

used to describe a situation in which legislation did not overtly segregate students by race, but nevertheless school segregation continued.

an assumption or an opinion about someone simply based on that person's membership to a particular group

a generalized belief about a particular category of people

view on inequalities of race and ethnicity:

see a positive aspect to discrimination.

a condition in society in which a dominant racial group benefits from the oppression of others, whether that group wants such benefits or not. prejudice and discrimination based on race

a criminal act motivated by prejudice

an action or practice that excludes, disadvantages, or merely differentiates between individuals or groups of individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait

prejudicial practices and policies within institutions that result in the systematic denial of resources and opportunities to members of subordinate groups

view on inequalities of race and ethnicity:

perspective, members of a society learn to be prejudiced in much the same way they learn to be patriotic.

view on inequalities of race and ethnicity:

divides groups while maintaining a dominant group

refers to the socially learned behaviors and expectations that are associated with the two sexes

a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her gender.

the process through which children learn about the social expectations, attitudes and behaviours typically associated with boys and girls.

a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify sexual inequality

classification of people as male or female based on biological characteristics

the unequal distribution of scarce resources based on age

a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-based prejudice and discrimination

views on inequalities of sex and gender:

Elderly people compete with other age groups for economic resources, power, and prestige.

views on inequalities of sex and gender:

elderly people in a given society are treated according to the role the aged play in that society.

views on inequalities of sex and gender:

children learn negative images of older people just as they learn other aspects of culture.