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Unit 1, 2 and 3

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the principle structures of the ventilatory system?

a)

nose, pharynx, bronchioles, diaphragm

b)

nose, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli

c)

mouth, larynx, lungs, diaphragm

d)

mouth, trachea, alveoli, ribs

2.

How is the vital capacity of the lungs best defined?

a)

The volume of air inspired and expired at rest

b)

The volume of air which is inspired or expired in one minute

c)

The maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs from a position of full inspiration

d)

The volume of air that can still be expired following normal expiration at rest

3.

What are the major components of blood?

a)

erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets

b)

plasma, gases, erythrocytes

c)

plasma, hormones, erythrocytes

d)

plasma, water, leucocytes

4.

Which blood vessel directly supplies the heart?

a)

Superior vena cava

b)

Inferior vena cava

c)

Coronary artery

d)

Right pulmonary artery

5.

Where is the electrical impulse in the heart generated?

a)

Bundle of His

b)

Sinoatrial node

c)

Synapse

d)

Atrioventricular node

6.

What is pulmonary ventilation?

a)

Exchange of respiratory gases between the lungs and blood

b)

Diffusion of oxygen in the alveoli

c)

Volume of air breathed in and out in one breath

d)

Inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs

7.

Which are involved in neural control of ventilation?

a)

Sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes

b)

Lung stretch receptors and chemoreceptors

c)

Adrenaline and breathing rate

d)

Diaphragm and accessory muscles

8.

Where is hemoglobin located?

a)

In white blood cells

b)

In platelets

c)

In muscle cells

d)

In red blood cells

9.

How do the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the pulmonary vein differ from the

concentrations in the pulmonary artery?

a)

Pulmonary vein has lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide

b)

Pulmonary vein has lower oxygen and lower carbon dioxide

c)

Pulmonary vein has higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide

d)

Pulmonary vein has higher oxygen and higher carbon dioxide

10.

Which of the following is a/are function(s) of the conducting airways?

I. Provide a low resistance pathway for air

II. Remove the moisture from the air

III. Provide defence against harmful chemicals

a)

I only

b)

I and III only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II and III

11.

What is the definition of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

a)

The volume of air in the lungs after maximal inhalation

b)

The volume of air inspired during normal breathing

c)

The additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

d)

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximal exhalation

12.

Which components help to form blood plasma?

a)

water, waste products, platelets

b)

water, dissolved gases, nutrients

c)

erythrocytes, hormones, dissolved gases

d)

leucocytes, electrolytes, nutrients

13.

Which muscle is on the anterior region of the body?

a)

Soleus

b)

Pectoralis

c)

Biceps femoris

d)

Latissimus dorsi

14.

What are the principal structures of the ventilatory system?

a)

Mouth, trachea, ribs, intercostal muscles

b)

Nose, pharynx, aorta, diaphragm

c)

Nose, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli

d)

Mouth, larynx, diaphragm, lungs

15.

What are the functions of the nose during inspiration?

I. To moisten the air

II. To diffuse oxygen from the air

III. To filter the air

a)

I and II only

b)

I and III only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II and III

16.

Which combination is used to calculate vital capacity?

a)

Total lung capacity + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

b)

Total lung capacity + residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

c)

Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory capacity + residual volume

d)

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

17.

What is the relationship between heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume?

a)

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

b)

Cardiac output = stroke volume + heart rate

c)

Cardiac output = stroke volume − heart rate

d)

Cardiac output = stroke volume ÷ heart rate

18.

Which of the following is the correct order for carbon dioxide moving from the pulmonary artery to

the atmosphere?

a)

trachea → larynx → nose

b)

alveoli → trachea → bronchi

c)

bronchi → trachea → bronchioles

d)

nose → trachea → bronchi

19.

Which of the following applies to hemoglobin?

a)

It binds strongly to oxygen when there is a low partial pressure

b)

It is an iron compound

c)

It transports approximately 80 % of oxygen in the blood

d)

It is a component of white blood cells

20.

What does the elevated breathing rate after exercise allow the body to do?

a)

To stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptors

b)

To increase the pH of the blood

c)

To trigger the Hering-Breuer reflex

d)

To stimulate muscle proprioreceptors

21.

Which of the following are correct statements about the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems?

I. Pulmonary circulation is driven from the right ventricle to drop off carbon dioxide at the lungs.

II. Systemic circulation brings back oxygen from the lungs for the rest of the body.

III. The vena cava is involved with the systemic circulatory system.

IV. Pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure than the systemic system.

a)

I only

b)

II and III only

c)

I, III and IV only

d)

I, II, III and IV

22.

What is the correct pathway taken by oxygen during inhalation?

a)

trachea → pharynx → bronchioles

b)

larynx → bronchi → pharynx

c)

pharynx → alveoli → trachea

d)

trachea → bronchioles → alveoli

23.

What is the definition of residual volume?

a)

The volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath

b)

The volume of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled forcibly

c)

The volume of air still contained in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

d)

The additional inspired air over and above tidal volume

24.

Which statement(s) outline the role of hemoglobin?

I. To provide a site for oxygen to bind to

II. To transport oxygen in erythrocytes

III. To transport carbon dioxide in leucocytes

a)

I only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II and III

25.

Which is an example of a blood cell?

I. Leucocyte

II. Platelet

III. Plasma

a)

I only

b)

I and II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II and III

26.

What is a basic function of the interior structure of the nose during respiration?

a)

To provide a passageway for food

b)

To create friction during breathing

c)

To warm and moisten incoming air

d)

To prevent the lungs from collapsing

27.

What is the name of the skeletal muscle indicated by X?

a)

Pectoralis

b)

Trapezius

c)

Iliopsoas

d)

Deltoid

28.

What best describes synovial joints?

a)

They permit no movement.

b)

They are freely moveable.

c)

They are tightly connected by cartilage.

d)

They permit only slight movement.

29.

Which bone is part of the appendicular skeleton?

a)

Skull

b)

Vertebral column

c)

Humerus

d)

Sternum

30.

Which correctly describes pulmonary circulation?

a)

left ventricle → pulmonary veins → lungs

b)

right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs

c)

right atrium → pulmonary veins → lungs

d)

left atrium → pulmonary arteries → lungs

31.

Which of the following occurs when an athlete moves from a stationary position to slow running?

a)

An increase in cardiac output with no change in stroke volume

b)

No increase in cardiac output but an increase in stroke volume

c)

No increase in cardiac output and heart rate

d)

An increase in cardiac output and stroke volume

32.

Which bones are found within the axial skeleton?

a)

clavicle, ilium, skull

b)

ilium, skull, sternum

c)

vertebrae, ribs, ilium

d)

sternum, vertebrae, ribs

33.

What is the position of the clavicle relative to the ilium?

a)

Superior

b)

Inferior

c)

Lateral

d)

Medial

34.

What structure is labelled X in the diagram below?

a)

Perimysium

b)

Endomysium

c)

Epimysium

d)

Myofibril

35.

What muscle is labelled X in the diagram below?

a)

Trapezius

b)

Erector spinae

c)

Latissimus dorsi

d)

Triceps brachii

36.

Which is a principal structure of the ventilatory system?

a)

Pulmonary artery

b)

Trachea

c)

Pulmonary valve

d)

Capillary

37.

What is vital capacity (VC)?

a)

Additional inspired air over and above tidal volume.

b)

Volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath.

c)

Inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.

d)

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.

38.

Which gases are exchanged at the alveoli?

a)

Oxygen and nitrogen

b)

Oxygen and carbon dioxide and nitrogen

c)

Oxygen only

d)

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

39.

An athlete’s resting heart rate is 60 bpm and stroke volume is 70 ml. What is the cardiac output of the athlete?

a)

1300 ml min–1

b)

4200 ml min–1

c)

130 ml min–1

d)

420 ml min–1

40.

Which of the following is a long bone?

a)

Sternum

b)

Phalanges

c)

Vertebrae

d)

Ribs

41.

What is the insertion of a muscle?

a)

The site of a muscle’s attachment to a more stationary bone

b)

The main cells of the muscle

c)

The site of a muscle’s attachment to a moveable bone

d)

The part of the muscle that relaxes when the opposite muscle contracts

42.

What is the insertion of a muscle?

a)

The site of a muscle’s attachment to a more stationary bone

b)

The main cells of the muscle

c)

The site of a muscle’s attachment to a moveable bone

d)

The part of the muscle that relaxes when the opposite muscle contracts

43.

Which is the correct pathway taken by an oxygen molecule moving from the atmosphere to the alveolus?

a)

Trachea → Bronchiole → Larynx → Bronchus

b)

Bronchiole → Bronchus → Larynx → Trachea

c)

Larynx → Trachea → Bronchus → Bronchiole

d)

Bronchus → Bronchiole → Trachea → Larynx

44.

Which combination would allow you to calculate the vital capacity?

a)

Total lung capacity + residual volume + tidal volume

b)

Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

c)

Inspiratory reserve volume + forced vital capacity – residual volume

d)

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

45.

Which component of blood is required to form a blood clot?

a)

Plasma

b)

Erythrocytes

c)

Platelets

d)

Leucocytes

46.

Which is the correct pathway of blood flow in the pulmonary circulatory system?

a)

Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium

b)

Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

c)

Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Vena cava

d)

Aorta → Vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle

47.

Which is the correct sequence of the excitation of the cardiac muscle?

a)

Atrio-ventricular node - Sinoatrial node - Ventricles

b)

Sinoatrial node - Ventricles - Atrio-ventricular node

c)

Atrio-ventricular node - Ventricles - Sinoatrial node

d)

Sinoatrial node - Atrio-ventricular node - Ventricles

48.

Which cardiovascular adaptations result from endurance training in previously untrained athletes?

I Increased stroke volume

II Lower resting heart rate

III Increased arterio-venous oxygen difference

a)

I and II only

b)

I, II and III

c)

I and III only

d)

II and III only

49.

What is the maximum number of fatty acids that can be condensed with glycerol to form triacylglycerol?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Four

50.

Where is the most glycogen stored?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Liver

c)

Adipose tissue

d)

Pancreas

51.

Which term best describes the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells?

a)

Lipolysis

b)

Sliding filament theory

c)

Krebs cycle

d)

Cell respiration

52.

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of an animal cell. What is the structure labelled X?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Lysosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Golgi apparatus

53.

What are the end-products of aerobic glycolysis?

a)

Carbon dioxide, lactate and ADP

b)

Carbon dioxide, water and ADP

c)

Carbohydrate, lactate and ATP

d)

Carbon dioxide, water and ATP

54.

Which structure is responsible for connecting a motor neuron to voluntary muscle fibres, as labelled X in the diagram below?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Motor end plate

c)

Dendrites

d)

Axon

55.

What is the role of carbohydrates?

a)

Builds tissues

b)

Helps digestion

c)

Source of energy

d)

Provides insulation

56.

Which of the following are the elements of a glucose molecule?

a)

C and O

b)

C and H

c)

C, H and O

d)

C, H, O and N

57.

Where are the major stores of triglycerides in the body?

a)

Liver

b)

Skeletal muscle

c)

Liver and adipose tissue

d)

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

58.

What is the net amount of ATP produced by the lactic acid system?

a)

1 ATP

b)

2 ATP

c)

34 ATP

d)

38 ATP

59.

What are by-products of the aerobic system?

a)

CO2

b)

ATP

c)

CO2 and H2O

d)

H2O

60.

What is the composition of a triacyglycerol?

a)

Three glycerols and one fatty acid

b)

One glycerol and three fatty acids

c)

Two glycerols and one fatty acid

d)

Three glycerols and three fatty acids

61.

What is the chemical composition of a protein molecule?

a)

Oxygen and nitrogen

b)

Carbon, oxygen and nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen

d)

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

62.

What is the approximate energy content per 100 g of protein?

a)

17.2 kJ

b)

172 kJ

c)

1720 kJ

d)

1760 kJ

63.

Which of the following are major sites of triglyceride storage?

a)

Adipose tissue and bone tissue

b)

Adipose tissue and cardiac muscle tissue

c)

Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue

d)

Adipose tissue and nervous tissue

64.

Which is classified as a macronutrient?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Vitamins

c)

Minerals

d)

Fibre

65.

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

a)

Water

b)

Protein

c)

Lipid

d)

Fibre

66.

Which of the following describes cell respiration?

a)

Controlled release of energy in the form of ATP

b)

Intake of fluids by cells of the skin

c)

Growth and division of a single cell

d)

Random release of energy in the form of ATP

67.

What is the ultrastructure of a mitochondrion?

a)

cristae, inner matrix and diaphysis

b)

cristae, ganglia and outer membrane

c)

creatine, inner matrix and outer membrane

d)

cristae, inner matrix and outer membrane

68.

How is anabolism best described?

a)

All the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism

b)

Small molecules are built up into larger ones

c)

The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones

d)

Biochemical reactions outside the cell

69.

What is the main function of adrenaline during exercise?

a)

To control neural activity

b)

To promote kidney retention of sodium and water

c)

To control muscle size and increase red blood cell count

d)

To promote glycogenolysis and lipolysis

70.

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of excitation of heart muscle?

a)

AV node → bundle of HIS → SA node

b)

SA node → AV node → bundle of HIS

c)

bundle of HIS → SA node → AV node

d)

AV node → SA node → bundle of HIS

71.

What is the chemical composition of a glucose molecule?

a)

CH3 and COOH

b)

C, H and O

c)

C, H, O and N

d)

C, H and OH

72.

Which of the following describes lipolysis?

a)

The process of releasing triglycerides from the body’s fat stores

b)

The process of converting glucose to pyruvate

c)

The aerobic anabolism of a substance

d)

The process of converting carbohydrates to fats in the liver

73.

What is the function of adrenaline during exercise?

a)

Stimulates the storage of glycogen

b)

Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen

c)

Stimulates the breakdown of glucagon

d)

Stimulates the storage of glucagon

74.

Which of the following is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

a)

It is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins and fats

b)

It is involved in organising the cell during cell division

c)

It is involved in the anaerobic production of ATP

d)

It assists in the breakdown of food particles

75.

Which of the following are features of the ATP-CP system?

I. It provides the energy for the fi rst three minutes of activity.

II. CP is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule.

III. It creates lactic acid as a by-product.

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

I and II only

d)

II and III only

76.

Which muscle is on the anterior region of the body?

a)

Soleus

b)

Pectoralis

c)

Biceps femoris

d)

Latissimus dorsi

77.

Which combination is used to calculate vital capacity?

a)

Total lung capacity + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

b)

Total lung capacity + residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

c)

Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory capacity + residual volume

d)

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

78.

What percentage of oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red

blood cells?

a)

68 %

b)

95 %

c)

98.5 %

d)

99.5 %

79.

Which cardiovascular adaptions are a result of endurance exercise training?

I. Increased stroke volume

II. Lower resting heart rate

III. Increased exercising heart rate

a)

I and II only

b)

I and III only

c)

II and III only

d)

I, II and III

80.

Which is an unsaturated fat?

a)

Palm oil

b)

Olive oil

c)

Tropical oil

d)

Coconut oil

81.

Which is a micronutrient?

a)

Lipid

b)

Fibre

c)

Water

d)

Protein

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