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WorksheetsCore studies from the Biological Approach
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which study did you prefer?
Canli et al - Amygdala activation and memory for emotional experiences
Dement and Kleitman- relationship between dream content and eye movement
Schachter and Singer - two factor theory for emotional experiences
The Canli study was about
Amygdala activation
Dream content
Two factor theory of emotional experiences
REM sleep
Dement and Kleitman study was about
Amygdala activation
Dream content and eye movement
Two factor theory
Emotional experiences
Schachter and Singer study was about
Two factor theory
Two factor theory of emotional experiences
Amygdala activation
REM
The aim of the Canli study was to investigate
The link between amygdala activation and memory for emotional experiences
The relationship between dream content and eye movements
the role of two factors, cognition and physiology, in emotional experiences
The aim of the Dement and Kleitman study was to investigate
The link between amygdala activation and memory for emotional experiences
The relationship between dream content and eye movements
the role of two factors, cognition and physiology, in emotional experiences
The aim of the Schachter and SInger study was to investigate
The link between amygdala activation and memory for emotional experiences
The relationship between dream content and eye movements
the role of two factors, cognition and physiology, in emotional experiences
The independent variable in Canli et al studa was
The valence/rating of the scene
The level of amygdala activation
The participants rating of emotional arousal of the scene
The recall of the scene
The dependent variable in Canli et al study was
The valence/rating of the scene
The level of amygdala activation
The participants rating of emotional arousal of the scene
The recall of the scene
The sample used in the Canli study was
10 right-handed females
Seven male and two female adults
185 male college students from the University of Minnesota
The sample used in the Dement and Kleitman study was
10 right-handed females
Seven male and two female adults
185 male college students from the University of Minnesota
The sample used in the Schachter and Singer study was
10 right-handed females
Seven male and two female adults
185 male college students from the University of Minnesota
In the Dement and Kleitman study, dreams occur in which type of sleep?
(a)
Which machine was used to measure amygdala activation in the Canli study?
EEG
fMRI
CAT scan
EMR
Which machine was used to measure brain wave activity in the Dement and Kleitman study?
EEG
fMRI
CAT scan
EMR
How many scenes were shown in the first part of the Canli study?
48
96
98
44
The correlation coefficient of participants' intensity ratings and arousal in the Canli et al study was...
-0.66
-0.68
0.68
0.66
How long was each picture in the Canli et al study presented?
2.88 seconds
12.96 seconds
5.44 seconds
1.17 seconds
In the Canli et al study, scenes with an intensity rating of 3 were
More likely to be remembered
Less likely to be forgotten
Less likely to be remembered
More likely to be forgotten
The conclusion of the Canli study was...
The level of arousal to an event could strengthen the memory of that event
Amygdala arousal could be a predictor of subsequent memory
Amygdala arousal could damage ability to recall events
Scary scenes are easily forgotten
The Canli study was a
Field study
Natural study
Laboratory study
Quasi study
The Canli study collected
Quantitative data
Qualitative data
Inferential data
Interview data
The Canli study had low ecological validity because
They used quantitative data
The fMRI machine did not mimic real life
The type of participants
The valence ratings of the scenes
The Dement and Klietman study looked at dream recall difference in REM and nREM sleep and
Estimations of dream duration
Correlation of eye movement patterns relating to dream content
Emotions experienced in dreams
Amygdala activation when dreaming
Participants in the Dement and Kleitman study were woken after which two time intervals
5 minutes and 10 minutes
5 minutes and 15 minutes
10 minutes and 20 minutes
15 minutes and 20 minutes
Participants in the Dement and Kleitman study were told to
Drink coffee before arriving at the lab
Drink alcohol before arriving at the lab
Don't drink coffee before arriving at the lab
Don't drink coffee or alcohol before arriving at the lab
In the Dement and Kleitman study, the EEG was attached to the participants'
Head
Head and temples
Scalp
Scalp and temples
In the Dement and Kleitman study, it was found that uninterrupted dream stages lasted
3 - 5 minutes
3 - 15 minutes
3 - 25 minutes
3 - 50 minutes
In the Dement and Kleitman study, it was found that dream lasted longer
Earlier in the night
Later at night
In the middle of the night
If alcohol was drunk before going to sleep
In the Dement and Kleitman study, when awoken from REM sleep, what percentage of participants reported dream recall
79.6%
93%
85.7%
63%
In the Dement and Kleitman study, when awoken from nREM sleep, what percentage of participants reported no dream recall
79.6%
93%
85.7%
63%
What number of participants in the Dement and Kleitman study reported accurate estimations of dream duration for 5 and 15 minutes respectively
45/51 and 47/60
47/60 and 45/51
45/50 and 47/60
46/50 and 48/60
Vertical eye movement related to what type of dream content in the Dement and Kleitman study?
Climbing a ladder
Throwing basketballs
Looking at objects in the distance
Looking a huge objects
In the Dement and Kleitman study, mixed eye movement related to what type of dream content?
Climbing a ladder
Throwing basketballs
Looking at objects in the distance
Looking at objects or people close to them.
In the Dement and Kleitman study, deception was an ethical issue because
Participants were told they were being used in a dream study.
Participants were misled about the stage of sleep they were in when woken.
Participants were not allowed to drink alcohol
Participants were woken up by a doorbell sound
In the Dement and Kleitman study, limiting the task to a choice between 5 and 15 minutes
Raised validity of the results
Reduced participant variables such as differences in the ability to recall dreams
Increased ecological validity
Reduced reliability
The conclusion for the Dement and Kleitman study was
Eye movement in REM sleep is related to dream content
People are able to estimate duration of dreaming
Dreaming can occur in both REM and nREM sleep
Dream happen later at night
In the Schachter and Singer study, which two factors can lead an individual to label their emotions
Cognitive and physiological
Cognitive and psychological
Physiological and environmental
Environmental and behavioural
What was the independent variable in the Schachter and Singer study?
The condition of Anger or Euphoria
The Cognitive arousal of a situation
The physiological arousal of a situation
The person's reaction to the sttoge
In the Dement and Kleitman study, the dependent variable was
The ability to estimate dream duration
The ability to recall dreams
The content of the dream
The length of time spent in a dream
Which type of experimental design was used in the Schachter and Singer study?
Repeated measure design
Independent group design
Matched pairs design
In the Schachter and Singer study, participants were placed into three conditions after receiving injections. Informed, misinformed and
Ignorant
Euphoric
Angered
Placebo
In the Schachter and Singer study, after receiving the epinephrine injection, participants were told
Your hand will stat to shake
Your feet will feel numb
You will get a slight headache
You will have no side effect
In the Schachter and Singer study, after receiving an injection and going to the anger room, what was waiting for them
A questionnaire to fill out
A questionnaire and an angry stooge
A total mess
A reseacher
In the Schachter and Singer study, there were three hypotheses. One of which was...
If a person has no explanation for their state of arousal, they will describe their feelings in terms of cognitions
If a person has an explanation for their state of arousal, they will describe their feelings in terms of cognitions
If a person is in a situation which in the past made them feel emotional, they will react emotionally
Being injected with epinephrine is bad for you
In the Schachter and Singer study, 185 participants agreed to being injected but how many were left to be analysed?
169
185
170
179
What is the real life application for the Schachter and SInger study?
Understanding environmental triggers can help us treat anxiety and panic disorders
We can manipulate people into feeling different emotions
We can help agoraphobics by injecting them with adrenaline
Understanding the effects of adrenaline will help us understand anxiety
The Schachter and Singer study was standardised which...
increased the internal validity of the study
made sure all participant were subjected to the same conditions
Increased the reliability of the study
Help with generalisablity of the study
What type of sampling was used in the Schachter and Singer study.
Random
Volunteer
Opportunistic
Stratified
In the misinformed condition in the Schachter and Singer study, participants, when placed in the euphoria condition, were
feeling happier than all other groups
feeling worse than all other groups
feeling the same as all other groups
