Which of the following would be an intrinsic cause of the abnormality seen in this image?

The patient is a 1-year-old male patient who complained of intermittent, severe abdominal pain, and vomiting. He also had red currant jelly stool. Which of the following is most likely indicating?

Which of the following testicular tumor is associated with an elevation of AFP?

The patient was a 32 year old male with a history of acute pancreatitis, severe abdominal pain, and back pain who presented for a follow up abdominal sonogram. He also has an elevation in serum amylase and lipase. Which of the following is the most likely indication?

What is the letter "A" in this image indicating?

A 4 year old patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of weight loss and a palpable abdominal mass. The sonogram demonstrates multiple hypoechoic masses distributed throughout the liver parenchyma. Also, a solid, 6-cm heterogeneous mass that contains calcifications is located between the right kidney and the IVC. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 49 year old alcoholic male patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a history of long standing cirrhosis. He complains of unexplained weight loss and fever. The sonographic findings include a small, echogenic right lobe of the liver containing a solid 4-cm hypoechoic mass. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

A 32 year old patient presents for an abdominal sonogram complaining of LLQ pain. The abdomen appears mostly normal, except for a solid, hyperechoic mass noted in the upper pole of the right kidney measuring 7mm. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 5 year old male patient presents for a left hip sonogram complaining of leg pain, irritability, and a low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 3 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of palpable abdominal mass, abdominal pain, hematuria, fever, and hypertension. The sonogram reveals a large, solid, mostly echogenic mass that contains dispersed anechoic and hypoechoic regions. Based on these findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

What hepatic abnormality may be discovered in the immunocompromised patient?

This image is a transverse image of the bladder in a 70 year old male patient who presented with gross hematuria. Which of the following is most likely indicating?

A 29 year old male patient presents for a sonogram of the gallbladder with a history of leukocytosis, RUQ pain, nausea, and vomiting. An analysis of the RUQ reveals a gallbladder wall that measures 7mm, a 10mm echogenic, nonmobile, shadowing structure within the neck of the gallbladder, and a positive Murphy sign. These findings are most indicative of:

An 8 year old female presents with a history of tuberous sclerosis. Which of the following is a hallmark of abdominal sonographic finding associated with tuberous sclerosis?

A 24 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of leukocytosis, pyuria, fever, and flank pain. Sonographically, hydronephrosis is noted within the left kidney. Within the dilated collecting system, there is evidence of dependent, layering, low-level echoes. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely discovered in the infant suffering from hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)?

A 5 day old female patient presents for a follow-up sonogram for fetal hydronephrosis. What is the arrow in this image most likely indicating?

A 19 year old female patient presents with severe RUQ pain and leukocytosis. A gallbladder sonogram is ordered to investigate for signs of gallbladder disease. The patient complains of pain directly over the gallbladder. Sonographically, the gallbladder wall appears striated and measures 8mm. There is a small amount of fluid adjacent to the gallbladder as well. The CBD measures 7mm. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the arrow in the image indicating?

What is the arrow in the image indicating?

In the patient who presents with painless jaundice, which of the following clinical findings is most worrisome for pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

A 44 year old patient presents for an abdominal sonogram complaining of fever, chills, dark urine, elevated LFT's, and jaundice. Sonographically, the echogenicity of the portal vein walls appear increased, while the liver appears enlarged, and diffusely hypoechoic. The gallbladder wall also appears thickened. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

The arrow in this image is indicating the:

This image is a transverse image of the male pelvis in a 64 year old patient complaining of urinary frequency. Which of the following is most likely indicated?

Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely for the patient presenting with long standing cirrhosis?

This is a transverse image of the scrotum. The patient was 17 years old and complained of extreme scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 35 year old male patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with severe RLQ pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

The testicular choriocarcinoma is associated with an elevation in what lab value?

The image is a transverse image of the RLQ of a 29 year old female. Which of the following would be the least likely diagnosis associated with this abnormality?

Which of the following clinical findings is not consistent with the diagnosis of ADPKD?

A 48 year old obese female presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of hypertension and hyperglycemia. Incidentally noted is a hypoechoic mass located between the upper pole of the right kidney and the IVC. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

A 44 year old female patient with a history of recent gastric surgery presents complaining of RUQ pain, nausea, and vomiting. Sonographically, echogenic linear structures are seen scattered throughout the liver. Obvious ring down artifact is noted posterior to these structures as well. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Sonographically, the fasting SMA exhibits low resistance flow and the postprandial SMA yields a low resistance waveform. Which of the following should be suspected?

Which of the following is not typically a clinical feature of Conn syndrome?

A 3 year old female presents for an abdominal sonogram with acute abdominal and back pain, nausea, and vomiting, and an elevated amylase. Which of the following is the more likely diagnosis?

Acute pyelonephritis is most often the result of:

A 55 year old male patient presents with a palpable abdominal mass. Which of the following would be least likely associated with the sonographic findings in this image?

A 33 year old male patient presents with a history of painless testicular enlargement. Based on the sonographic findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

A 28 year old female patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a history of epigastric pain. Within the gallbladder, an echogenic, nonshadowing, nonmobile structure that measures 2 mm is noted. The structure appears to project from the gallbladder wall into the gallbladder lumen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 12 year old boy presents for an abdominal sonogram after falling from his bike. He is complaining of LUQ pain. Which of the following lab values would be most helpful to assess before performing the sonogram?

A 50 year old male patient with a history of ADPKD presents for an abdominal sonogram. Which of the following should be closely evaluated for concurrent disease?

The arrow in this image is indicating the:

The image of the lower pole of the left kidney in a 65 year old male patient with a history of smoking, hematuria, and weight loss. Which of the following is most likely indicated?

A 47 year old female patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with abdominal pain and diarrhea for 4 days. The sonographic examination of the gallbladder finds an area of focal gallbladder wall thickening that appears to produce an area of comet tail artifact that projects from the gallbladder wall into the lumen. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A 33 year old male patient presents with a history of right testicular painless enlargement. Sonographically, a 3 cm hypoechoic intratesticular mass is noted within the right testicle. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

An elevated AFP level is discovered in patients who have what tumor in the liver?

Which of the following tumors are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A 13 year old African American boy presents with a history of sickle cell crisis. What would be the most likely sonographic manifestation of sickle cell crisis?

Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Cushing syndrome?

Which of the following congenital syndromes has a noted tendency to developing the hepatoblastoma?

Which of the following would be least likely associated with the sonographic findings in the image?

What is this sonographic image demonstrating?

A female patient presents to the sonography department with a history of hyperthyroidism. Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A 55 year old asymptomatic female patient presents with a history of a mass discovered on a CAT scan within the liver. In the report, a central scar was noted. Which of the following tumors of the liver would be most likely to contain a central scar?

Which of the following would be a clinical finding consistent with acute pyelonephritis?

Which of the following is described as a clinical condition in which the patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever secondary to a lodged stone in the cystic duct?

A 2 day old baby boy presents for a renal sonogram for suspected posterior utethral valves. In the presence of this disorder, which of the following would most likely be distended?

A 44 year old female hemophiliac patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with abdominal pain. Her lab findings include a drop in hematocrit. Sonographically, a complex appearing mass is noted within left psoas muscle. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this mass?

Which of the following would be most likely associated with the sonographic findings in this image?

Which of the following abnormalities is associated with rebound tenderness?

The sonographic findings seen on this image is most likely associated with

A 17 year old male patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of left testicular pain. Sonographically, there appears to be increased flow within the left testicle. This finding is most indicative of:

A renal sonogram is ordered for a 7 day old patient in the ICU. The physician suspects ARPKD. Which of the following would be the most likely sonographic appearance of the kidneys for this disorder?

Which of the following is typically not a clinical finding in a patient who has portal vein thrombosis?

Which of the following is demonstrated in this image?

A 31 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram. She is suffering from pyuria, dysuria, and leukocytosis. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Hepatomas that invade the hepatic veins causing narrowing of the hepatic veins, with subsequent tumor invasion into the IVC can produce symptoms of:

Which of the following would be the least likely clinical finding in a patient with a pyogenic hepatic abscess?

A 65 year old female presents with pain behind her right knee. Sonographically, an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement is noted within the popliteal fossa. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is most likely associated with the sonographic findings of the image?

Which of the following would not be a typical clinical manifestation of acute pancreatitis?

A 29 year old female patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upon sonographic investigation of the liver, a 2.5 cm hyperechoic mass is discovered within the right posterior segment of the liver. Which of the following would be the most likely mass based on this patient's clinical history?

Which of the following lab tests should be evaluated in the patient who presents with symptoms of pancreatitis?

What is the arrow in the image indicating?

Which of the following is not demonstrated in the image?

A 64 year old male patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of lymphoma and a sudden onset of LUQ pain. Sonographically, a wedge shaped hypoechoic mass is discovered within the splenic parenchyma. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

A 34 year old obese, asymptomatic male patient presents with a history of elevated LFT's. Sonographically, the liver appears diffusely echogenic, and the borders of the vessels are difficult to visualize. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

This image is of the RUQ in a patient complaining of elevated LFT's and abdominal distention. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following would not be a potential cause of the abnormality in the image seen?

Which of the following statements is not true of renal transplants?

An 85 year old male patient presents for a RUQ sonogram. He is complaining of pruritus, unexplained weight loss, and abnormal pain. Sonographically, dilated intrahepatic ducts are noted and appear to abruptly terminate at the level of a hypoechoic mass. Which of the following is most likely present based on this patient's clinical and sonographic findings?

All of the following can be seen in this image except:

A 72 year old male patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a history of painless jaundice and a palpable gallbladder. Sonographically, the transverse diameter of the gallbladder is 9 cm. Also, there is intrahepatic biliary dilatation, the common bile duct measures 10 mm, and a 2.5 cm hypoechoic mass is noted within the head of the pancreas. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Proteinuria would be the least likely associated with:

A 48 year old patient with a history of cirrhosis is to be evaluated for sonographic signs of portal HTN. Which of the following should be analyzed carefully?

A 64 year old patient with shortness of breath and epigastric pain presents for an abdominal sonogram. Sonographically, the abdomen appears normal. However, superior to the liver, just above the diaphragm, a triangular appearing anechoic collection is noted. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

A 29 year old female patient presents for a liver sonogram complaining of RUQ pain and fever. Her lab findings include evidence of leukocytosis and an elevated bilirubin. She had a cholecystectomy 1 year earlier. Sonographically, the CBD appears enlarged, measuring 8mm at the porta hepatis. Also, the walls of the bile duct measure 6mm. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

The image is of the RUQ in a patient suffering from unexplained weight loss and rectal bleeding for 1 year. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

In the patient who presents with painless jaundice, which of the following clinical findings is most worrisome for pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

A history of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, or sarcoidosis would increase the likelihood of discovery of which splenic abnormality?

A mostly anechoic mass is noted on the lower pole of the right kidney in a 42 year old smoker. Which of the following sonographic findings would be most worrisome for renal cell carcinoma?

A 26 year old female patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a history of acute pancreatitis two months earlier. The sonogram was ordered to follow-up a peripancreatic fluid collection suggestive of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Where is the most common location of a pancreatic pseudocyst?

The image is of the RUQ in a 48 year old male patient who presents with jaundice. Which of the following is demonstrated?

A 33 year old female patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with acute abdominal back pain, nausea, vomiting, and an elevated amylase. Which of the following is the more likely diagnosis

A 49 year old female alcoholic patient presents for a liver sonogram with a history of cirrhosis and portal HTN. She complains of abdominal pain, elevated LFT's, and nausea and vomiting. Within the area of the porta hepatis, a mesh of tiny blood vessels are noted. What is the most likely cause for this finding?

Which of the following is not a typical clinical feature of Grave disease?

The image is of a 13 year old male patient who presents with history of RUQ pain after he had fallen from a tree. He also has a decreased hematocrit. Which of the following is the image most likely indicating?

What is the letter "D" in this image indicating?

Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely for the patient presenting with long-standing cirrhosis?

Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the mass seen in the image?

Which of the following is a result of a fungal disease invading the liver parenchyma?

A 58 year old male patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of an elevation in AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, and bilirubin. He also has jaundice and complains of fatigue and weight loss. Sonographically, there is ascites within the abdomen and the right lobe of the liver appears small and echogenic. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 32 year old patient presents for a renal sonogram with suspected acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following would not be a typical sonographic finding consistent with the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis?

A 69 year old male patient with a history of 1.5cm solitary gallbladder polyp presents complaining of weight loss, jaundice, and RUQ pain. A follow-up sonogram of the gallbladder exhibits a 4 cm irregular mass that partially fills the gallbladder. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

The arrow in this image is indicating the:

Which of the following clinical findings is not suggestive of a hydatid liver cyst?

A 40 year old female long time smoker presents for a renal sonogram with a palpable LUQ mass, weight loss, and gross hematuria. A heterogeneous mass is noted in the upper pole of the left kidney. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 39 year old male patient presents for a gallbladder sonogram with a history of intermittent postprandial RUQ pain. Sonographically, in the gallbladder fossa, there appears to be extensive shadowing and only visualization of the anterior gallbladder wall. This situation describes:

A RUQ sonogram is ordered for a 4 day old newborn female patient. She has signs of jaundice, irritability suggesting abdominal pain, and fever. The sonographic findings include a fusiform cystic mass in the area of the porta hepatis, and biliary dilatation is noted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the letter "A" indicating?

A 44 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram complaining of decreased renal function, hypertension, and several urinary tract infections. Sonographically, both kidneys appear enlarged and there appears to be multiple cortical anechoic masses that have good through transmission bilaterally. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following masses is most often associated with uncontrollable hypertension?

A patient presents with epigastric pain. What is the arrow most likely indicating?

A 32 year old male patient presents with a history of a low-grade fever, RUQ tenderness, and nausea. His lab findings include leukocytosis, and an elevated alkaline phosphatase. He admits to have recently returned from a trip to the Middle East. Which of the following masses would be most likely discovered in this patient based on clinical history?

A 54 year old patient whose clinical history includes a long history of smoking presents for an abdominal sonogram. His order states he has a palpable gallbladder and jaundice. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

This image of a 56 year old female patient who presented for an abdominal sonogram with hypertension and decreasing renal function. Her LFTs were within normal limits. There were multiple cysts noted bilaterally as well. Which of the following is the most likely indication?

Which of the following can be noted in this image of the LUQ?

A hyperfunctioning adrenal adenoma may be associated with all of the following except:

Which of the following renal infections is found most often in the diabetic or immunocompromised patient?

Which of the following is not considered a common clinical feature associated with metastatic liver disease?

A 2 year old boy presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of severe abdominal pain, palpable abdominal pass, and stool that contains a mixture of blood and mucus. Which of the following should be highly suspected and ruled out in this patient?

This image is of the RUQ in a 29 year old female patient who had epigastric pain. This mass was further evaluated with MRI, and a central scar was noted. Which of the following is most likely indicating?

Which of the following would be the most likely associated with hyperkalemia?

What is evident in the image?

A 38 year old patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of urinary tract infections and renal calculi. Sonographically, the kidneys appear to have echogenic renal pyramids. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the hepatocellular adenoma?

Which of the following would not be a clinical finding of a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin that is typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter is referred to as:

Which of the following lab test can be used as a tumor marker for HCC?

The mass in the image was noted medial to the upper pole of the right kidney in a 4 year old boy. He was suffering from weight loss and had a palpable upper abdominal mass. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with clinical findings highly suggestive of cirrhosis. The liver appears diffusely echogenic, but no ascites is seen. Which of the following would be the most helpful in confirming the presence of cirrhosis

Abnormal elevation in which of the following serum lab tests appears to be more indicative of acute pancreatitis?

A 32 year old female patient presents with a liver mass. She states that she has been using oral contraceptives for over 13 years. Which of the following would be most likely associated with oral contraceptive use?

A 33 year old female patient presents from the ER with history of RUQ pain, nausea, and vomiting. The patient complains of focal tenderness over the gallbladder with transducer pressure, suggestive of acute cholecystitis. Which of the following sonographic findings is least indicative of acute cholecystitis?

Which of the following clinical findings would be least likely discovered in the infant suffering from hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

A renal sonogram is ordered on a 6 month old infant in the ICU with a history of fever, chills, and long term indwelling catheter use. Sonographically, several echogenic, mobile, nonshadowing structures are noted within the dilated right renal collecting system. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the letter "C" in this image indicating?

A 41 year old patient presents for an abdominal sonogram with a history of hypertension, headaches, tachycardia, and excessive sweating. A 4 cm echogenic mass in the area of the right adrenal gland is discovered. Which of the following is the most etiology of this mass?

An 8 year old female patient presents with a history of tuberous sclerosis. Which of the following is a hallmark of abdominal sonographic finding associated with tuberous sclerosis?

The image is a transverse image of the epigastrium in a 58 year old patient who complained of painless jaundice. Which of the following is not associated with this finding?

An abdominal sonogram is ordered on a 1 day old baby who has the history of hypotension and a low hematocrit. Sonographically, a heterogenous mass is noted in the area of the left adrenal gland. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

A 19 year old patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of recurring UTI's. Sonographically, the kidneys appear normal. However, within the urinary bladder, an anechoic, balloon like structure is noted within the lumen of the urinary bladder near the ureterovesicular junction. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is best described as a hereditary disease that leads to the development of cysts within the pancreas and other organs?

An abdominal sonogram is ordered for a 45 year old male patient in the ICU. Upon sonographic interrogation of the gallbladder, a collection of low level, nonshadowing, dependent echoes is noted within the gallbladder lumen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following lab values would be most likely elevated in the presence of renal failure?

What is the arrow in the image indicating?

Which of the following results from high levels of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex?

A 31 year old female patient presents for a RUQ sonogram. She is two weeks post-cholecystectomy. Her complaints include persistent RUQ pain and nausea. She also appears to be displaying signs of jaundice. Which of the following is the most likely cause for these clinical findings?

Which of the following is not a common fluid collection following a renal transplant

Which of the following would be most likely caused by drinking parasitic contaminated water?

A 35 year old male patient presents following a cholecystectomy for gallstones. He complains of epigastric pain and nausea, and has an elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Sonographically, the common duct measures 10 mm at the level of the porta hepatis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these sonographic and clinical findings?

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with migraine medication use?

What is the arrow in this image indicating?

What is the letter "B" in this image indicating?

Which of the following clinical features of renal artery stenosis is common among patients?

A 58 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of chronic renal failure. Which of the following sonographic findings would be the most likely diagnosis?

This image is of the left kidney in a 4 year old female patient who presented with hematuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is demonstrated in this image?

Which would be the most common clinical complaint of a patient with a cavernous hemangioma of the liver?

Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis of this image in a patient who complained of RUQ pain and nausea?

The patient seen in the image had general abdominal pain. This image was a transverse of the lower pole of the kidneys in the midline. Which of the following is demonstrated?

A 56 year old female patient presents for a renal sonogram with a history of microscopic hematuria. She had her left kidney removed 2 years earlier for renal cell carcinoma. Sonographically, the right kidney appears enlarged and measures greater than 14cm. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?

A renal sonogram is ordered on a newborn male patient with a history of UTI. The sonogram reveals an anechoic tube that extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the urinary bladder. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Renal artery stenosis is diagnosed sonographically when the renal:artery ratio is

A 56 year old male patient presents for a screening sonogram of his abdominal aorta. Incidentally noted during the examination is a small, heterogenous pancreas that contains multiple calcifications and a prominent main pancreatic duct. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

A 14 month old male patient presents for a liver sonogram with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and a clinical history of a palpable abdominal mass, elevated AFP level and anorexia. Which of the following liver masses would most likely be discovered in this patient?

A 35 year old patient presents with a history of testicular cancer. Which of the following is not typically a primary cancer of the testicle?

A mostly anechoic mass is noted on the lower pole of the right kidney in a 42 year old smoker. Which of the following sonographic findings would be most worrisome for RCC?

Which of the following is not demonstrated in the image?

A 59 year old patient with known HCC presents for a liver sonogram with upper abdominal pain and splenomegaly. Upon sonographic examination of the liver, the hepatic veins are not visualized and color Doppler yield evidence of absent flow in the area of the hepatic veins. Which of the following would be the most likely cause for these clinical and sonographic findings?

A 33 year old male patient presents with a history of right testicular painless enlargement. Sonographically, a 3 cm hypoechoic intratesticular mass is noted within the right testicle. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following would typically not be a clinical feature of choledocholithiasis?

A 55 year old male patient presents with a palpable abdominal mass. Which of the following would be least likely associated with the sonographic findings?

A history of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, or sarcoidosis would increase the likelihood of discovery of which splenic abnormality?

This is a trasverse image of a 4 week old baby boy. Though his formula has been changed, he has lost weight and is having excessive vomiting. Which of the following is most likely indicated?

What is the arrow in the image most likely indicating?

The liver seen in this image is?

Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis as shown in the image?

Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the mass seen in the image?

The structure being measured in this image is most likely representing the:

A 44 year old female patient presents for a RUQ sonogram with a complaint of epigastric pain. The sonographic evaluation of the liver reveals an isoechoic mass within the right lobe that is difficult to image and discern its borders. You suspect FNH. Which of the following would be most indicative of FNH?