The wood from a conifer. The term is not descriptive of the actual softness of the wood.

Any of various predominantly evergreen, cone-bearing trees, such as pine, fir, hemlock, and spruce

Having foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year or through more than one growing season

The leaves and living branches of a tree

The main stem of a tree apart from its branches and roots

The wood from a broad-leaved flowering tree, such as cherry, maple, or oak. The term is not descriptive of the actual hardness of the wood.

Shedding leaves annually or at the end of a growing season. The term is descriptive of most hardwoods and a few softwoods.

The tough external covering of a woody stem, branch, or root, composed of a living inner layer called phloem and an outer bark of corky, dead tissue

A layer of tissue that carries food from the leaves to the growing parts of a tree. Also called inner bark.

A thin layer of reproductive tissue between the phloem and xylem, which produces new phloem on the outside and new xylem on the inside of stems, branches, and roots

The soft, central core about which first growth takes place in a newly formed stem

A tubular, intercellular space in a woody stem that secretes resins, esp. in conifers.

A viscous, clear to translucent, organic substance exuded by certain pines, used in making varnishes, adhesives, and plastics

The resinous sap that exudes from various conifers

The woody tissue of a tree that provides support and conducts water and mineral nutrients upward from the roots

An organic substance that, with cellulose, forms the woody cell walls of plants and the cementing material between them

An inert carbohydrate that is the chief constituent of the cell walls of plants and of dried woods, jute, hemp, and cotton, used in the manufacture of a wide variety of synthetic building materials

A concentric layer of wood produced during a single year's growth of a temperate tree

The younger, softer, living portion of wood between the cambium and heartwood, comparable in strength to heartwood but usually lighter in color, more permeable, and less durable. Also called alburnum.

The older, harder, inactive core of a tree, usually darker, denser, and more durable than the surrounding sapwood

The softer, more porous portion of an annual ring that develops early in the growing season, characterized by large, thin-walled cells. Also called early wood.

The harder, darker, less porous portion of an annual ring that develops late in the growing season, characterized by compact, thick-walled cells. Also called late wood.

One of the elongated, supporting, and conductive cells in woody tissue, having tapering closed ends and lignified walls oriented parallel to the axis of a stem or branch

A tubular structure of woody tissue for conducting water and mineral nutrients, formed by the fusion and loss of end walls in a series of connected cells

One of the vertical bands of transverse cells that radiate between pith and bark for the storage and horizontal conduction of nutrients

One of the relatively large vertical cells for conducting sap, esp. in hardwood trees

The vital fluid of water, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients that circulates through a plant

One of the slender, thick-walled cells that, together, serve to strengthen plant tissue

Wood suitable for use as a building material

A length of trunk or large limb of a felled tree, ready for sawing

The timber product manufactured by sawing, resawing, passing lengthwise through a planing machine, cross-cutting to length, and grading

The moisture content at which wood neither gains nor loses moisture when surrounded by air at a given temperature and relative humidity

The amount of water contained in a wood piece, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the wood when oven-dry

The stage in the drying or wetting of wood at which the cell walls are fully saturated but the cell cavities are void of water, ranging from the moisture content of 25% to 32% for commonly used species. Further drying results in shrinkage and generally greater strength, stiffness, and density of the wood

Lumber that is sawn, edged, and trimmed, but not surfaced

Lumber that is surfaced with a planing machine to attain a smooth surface and uniform size

Of or pertaining to dressed lumber having a moisture content exceeding 19% at the time of manufacture

Of or pertaining to dressed lumber having a moisture content of 19% or less at the time of manufacture

Of or pertaining to lumber that has been dried to reduce its moisture content and improve its serviceability

Of or pertaining to lumber seasoned in a kiln under controlled conditions of heat, air circulation, and humidity

Of or pertaining to lumber seasoned by exposure to the atmosphere

Of or pertaining to lumber dried to a point at which no moisture can be extracted when exposed in a kiln to a temperature of 214° to 221°F (101° to 105°C)