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APES Midterm Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is an abiotic component?

a)

an eagle

b)

a rock

c)

a tree

d)

a human

e)

a virus

2.

A population is...

a)

All members of one species in one area

b)

All members of all species that live in one area

c)

All of the living and nonliving things in an area

d)

None of these

3.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
4.
Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
a)
Tundra
b)
Desert
c)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
d)
Tropical Rainforest
5.

The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and therefore, never needs to drink liquid. This animal has adapted to survive in which biome?

a)

Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

6.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

7.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

8.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forests
b)
Temperate Seasonal (Decidious) Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
9.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
Tundra
b)
Rainforest
c)
Desert
d)
Coniferous forest
10.

The rain forest soil is

a)

poor and rocky

b)

frozen soil

c)

thick and nutrient rich

d)

thin and nutrient poor

11.
Which biome is pictured below?
a)
ocean
b)
freshwater
c)
coral reef 
d)
wetland
12.

What is the single most important difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?

a)

Salinity (dissolved salt)

b)

Sunlight

c)

Oxygen

d)

Amount of Water

13.
Plankton that make food by photosynthesis are called what?
a)
krill
b)
zooplankton
c)
phytoplankton
d)
plankton
14.
Aquatic food webs begin with what?
a)
krill
b)
zooplankton
c)
phytoplankton
d)
plankton
15.

The kind of wetland formed where saltwater and fresh water meet is called

a)

bog

b)

estuary

c)

swamp

d)

marsh

16.

An ecosystem where water covers the soil or water is near the surface of the soil is called

a)

a desert

b)

an ocean

c)

an estuary

d)

a wetland

17.

Plants with spines and waxy leaves are well suited for life in which environment?

a)

Desert

b)

Temperate forest

c)

Grassland

d)

Tropical Rainfroest

18.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
19.
What does not produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
20.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
21.
Why is the ocean important to the carbon cycle?
a)
It keeps sediment containing carbon underwater for millions of years
b)
The ocean gives out more carbon then it takes in (increases global warming)
c)
The ocean isn't important to the carbon cycle.
22.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
23.
.What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle? 
a)
 Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere  
b)
Decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere 
c)
Increase in the amount of photosynthesis 
d)
Deforestation has no impact on the carbon cycle 
24.

Gas that makes up 78% of our atmosphere.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Carbon Dioxide

25.

Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?

a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorus
d)
water
26.

What is the formula for atmospheric nitrogen?

a)

N

b)

N2

c)

NH3

d)

NO3

27.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

only bacteria

d)

all living things

28.

Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

What is the process of combining nitrogen gas with other elements to make nitrogen into usable compounds?

a)

nitrogen composition

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonia

d)

denitrification

30.

What process occurs when dead plant and animal matter decomposes and nitrogen is released back into the atmosphere?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Fixation

c)

Ammonification

d)

Denitrification

31.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

32.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

33.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

34.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

35.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

36.

The total quantity of all living matter in an area is called:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Net Primary Productivity

c)

Biomass

d)

Ecosystem

37.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

38.
Which threat to biodiversity is being displayed?
a)
overexploitation
b)
invasive species
c)
pollution
d)
habitat fragmentation
39.
Species that could become endangered in the near future are called
a)
unlucky
b)
extinct
c)
endangered
d)
threatened
40.
The sea otter is a(n) ___________ that influences the survival of many other species in its ecosystem.
a)
endangered species
b)
keystone species
c)

critical animal

d)

pioneer species

41.
Introduced or invasive species are often difficult because:
a)
They contribute to habitat fragmentation
b)
They do not adapt well to new environments
c)
They increase biodiversity
d)
They often lack natural predators
42.

Two male Giraffes are fighting over the last green leaf of a tree that is dying.

a)

Intraspecific Competition

b)

Mutualsim

c)

Predation

d)

Commensalism

e)

Interspecific Competition

43.

If you are an organism whose realized niche is to break down organic matter from the ecosystem into nutrients, you are probably a ____________.

a)

Producer

b)

Herbivore

c)

Primary consumer

d)

Decomposer

44.

Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural disasters, thereby preventing possible damage.

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

45.

Walking and playing sports in green space is not only a good form of physical exercise but also lets people relax.

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

46.

Ecosystems control pests and diseases through the activities of predators and parasites. Birds, bats, flies, wasps, frogs and fungi all act as natural controls.

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

47.

A(n) ______ in species diversity is associated with a(n) ________ in the functions an ecosystem provides.

a)

increase; decrease

b)

decrease; increase

c)

decrease; unobserved change

d)

decline; decline

48.

What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?

a)

Evolution

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Biogeography

d)

Biogeology

49.

The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?


I. island distance from mainland

II. how the island is formed

III. island size

a)

II only

b)

III only

c)

I and III

d)

II and III

50.

Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?

a)

Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species

b)

Small islands have higher biodiversity than large islands

c)

Small islands have more resources and as a result may have more species

d)

Small islands have fewer resources and as a result may have fewer species

51.

What prediction is correct about island biogeography?

a)

Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity

b)

Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition

c)

Islands closer to mainland will be more diverse due to more successful dispersal.

d)

There is more diversity far away from the mainland because some species fly.

52.
Lichens and mosses that first live in uninhabited areas are examples of
a)
secondary species
b)
non-native species
c)
pioneer species
d)
climax species
53.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
54.
A species described as r-strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics?
a)
clumped population pattern
b)

a lot of parenting

c)
many offspring
d)
random population pattern
55.
________ grow slowly over time, cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
a)
K-strategists
b)
R-strategists
c)
Uniform strategists
d)
environmentalists
56.
Nesting birds often space themselves evenly from other nests. This pattern is called
a)
clumped dispersion.
b)
uniform dispersion.
c)
random dispersion
d)
scatter dispersion
57.
To measure population density, you must divide the number of individuals living in a defined space by the
a)
area of the space
b)
birth and death rates
c)
carrying capacity
d)
height of the space
58.
Represents the biotic potential of the species
a)
A
b)
B
c)
D
d)
E
59.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
60.

Population increases at a constant rate over time.

a)

Exponential Growth

b)

Logistic Growth

c)

Stable Growth

d)

Strategic Growth

61.
__________ growth shows growth of a population under environmental constraints (carrying capacity-K) that sets a maximum population size 
a)
logistic
b)
exponential
c)
niche
d)
uniform
62.

What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

63.
Which limiting factor is independent of the number of individuals in a population?
a)
competition
b)
parasitism/disease
c)
stress
d)
natural disasters
64.
Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?
a)
seasonal variation
b)
natural disasters
c)
unusual weather
d)
predation
65.

What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population?

a)

Emigration

b)

Limiting Factors

c)

Immigration

d)

Exponential Growth

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