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Worksheets2022 QB2 Review
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 1hrs 22mins
A long-standing question in science has been, "What caused the dinosaurs to become extinct?" In the mid-1900s, the idea was proposed that caterpillars ate so many leaves that dinosaurs starved and could not reproduce. Today, the most commonly accepted idea is that a large object from space hit Earth and triggered global events that led to the extinctions.
What does this change in scientific thinking provide evidence of?
that scientists don't know what happened
that scientists never change their minds
that scientific information is universal
that scientific knowledge is open to change
Nathan and Angelina want to know how many drops of water can fit on the surface of a penny. They are trying to decide which process will yield the most accurate results. Nathan thinks they should both add drops to one penny to come up with a single answer. Angelina thinks they should each add drops to two different pennies and then compare their results.
Who followed a more scientific process?
Nathan did because they will obtain less data and will get only one answer.
Nathan did because conducting the test once helps to control the variables.
Angelina did because then they both can be more involved.
Angelina did because two tests provide more data and helps account for differences in the tests.
Hutton's theory of uniformitarianism states that the forces at work on the Earth today are the same as those that were at work in the past. Thus, a cave forms today in the same way that caves formed millions of years ago. The idea stated in the theory of uniformitarianism is so important that it serves as the basis of geology. Why are Hutton's ideas considered a scientific theory and not scientific law?
because the theory is based on a hypothesis that has been proven and a scientific law is not
because the theory could be proven wrong and a scientific law cannot be proven wrong
because the theory is widely accepted and a scientific law is not widely accepted
because the theory explains how nature works instead of describing an observation of nature
For the Science Fair, Alyssa designs an experiment to learn about erosion as shown in the diagram below. Tray A is flat on the table. One end of tray B is raised 5 cm, and one end of tray C is raised 10 cm. Alyssa then slowly pours 200 mL of water onto the sand in each tray. Finally, she observes and measures how far sand is carried by the water.
What is the independent variable (test variable) in Alyssa's experiment?
the volume of water she pours
the speed she pours the water
the height of the tray
the amount of sand
Colin decided to investigate soil erosion by water. He measured rates of erosion on model hills made of soil, rock, and sand. What was his test variable (independent variable)?
the rate of erosion on the hills
the steepness of the model hillsides
the amount of water sprayed onto the hills
the type of material used to construct the model hills
Jesse is designing an experiment to find out if objects of different masses fall at different rates, or speeds. She plans to drop four objects having a similar size and shape, but different masses, from the same height of a staircase. Jesse plans to measure how long it takes each object to hit the floor. What is the dependent variable (outcome variable) in Jesse’s experiment?
the shape of the objects
the mass of each object
the time it takes each object to fall
the height of the staircase
Morgan puts some books under a ramp. She rolls a ball down the ramp and measures the distance the ball travels before it stops. She adds more books under the ramp and repeats the investigation.
What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this investigation?
the angle of the ramp
the length of the ramp
the speed the ball rolls
the distance the ball travels
Students set up an investigation to see if hummingbirds prefer red liquids to clear liquids. They plan to fill hummingbird feeders with mixtures of sugar and water, as shown in the table.
Which is a variable in this investigation?
the amount of sugar
the amount of water
the number of drops of food coloring
the number of types of hummingbirds
The following map shows the movement of heat throughout the global ocean.
Based on the map, which of the following statements best summarizes the movement of heat through the world’s oceans?
Warm water moves from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Cold water moves away from the equator and picks up heat near the poles.
Warm water is found near the equator, and cold water is found near the poles
Heat energy is transported from areas near the equator to areas near the poles.
The jet stream is a narrow band of upper atmosphere winds. These winds separate northern Arctic air masses from southern continental air masses. The diagram shows the location of the jet stream in the summer and in the winter.
How does the jet stream contribute to Florida’s popularity as a winter destination?
When the jet stream shifts farther north in the winter, more of the continent becomes colder. However, Florida usually remains in the warmer air south of the jet stream.
When the jet stream shifts farther south in the winter, more of the continent becomes colder. However, Florida usually remains in the warmer air south of the jet stream.
When the jet stream shifts farther north in the winter, more of the continent becomes warmer. However, Florida usually remains in the cooler air south of the jet stream.
When the jet stream shifts farther south in the winter, more of the continent becomes warmer. However, Florida usually remains in the cooler air south of the jet stream.
The illustration shows three states of matter in separate jars.
Which statement about these jars is correct?
Jar A contains a gas.
Jar B contains a liquid.
Jar C contains particles that vibrate in position.
Jars A and C have particles that move more than those in Jar B.
The climate of an area can be different from its weather. Which of the following statements describes the climate of an area?
There should be heavy rains tomorrow morning.
The rains next week are expected to cause some flooding.
The average temperature from 1930-1996 was 23°C (74°F).
The high temperature on September 4, 2009, was 32°C (89°F).
On any given day, the weather forecast might say that rain, snow, and sleet are expected. Which statement explains that this type of weather represents the climate as well?
Sleet is a combination of rain and snow.
Last January it snowed for 17 days in a row.
The rain turned to sleet and snow later that afternoon.
Rain, snow and sleet are common during the month of December.
Students study how the temperature of a substance is related to the rate of molecular movement. The molecules in which substance are moving the fastest?
cold milk
warm soup
water melting from ice
steam rising from boiling water
In December, Bill was driving through Florida with his family. As they drove closer to the coast, Bill noticed that the air grew a little cooler.
Which of the following statements best explains the temperature difference?
Air expands at higher temperatures.
Warm air moves toward the coastline from inland areas.
The land heats up faster than water, creating a sea breeze.
The water heats up faster than the land, creating a land breeze.
Energy from the Sun warms the land and water on the surface of Earth. The heat energy in Earth’s surface then transfers to the air directly above it. The air above the land heats up faster than the air above the water.
Which statement explains how this transfer of heat energy causes wind?
It causes the air above land to rise and the cooler, heavier air to rush in and take its place.
It causes the air above land to push the cooler, heavier air out of place.
It causes the air above land to move slower than the air above water.
It causes the air above land to collide with cooler, heavier air.
A sea breeze blows from the ocean toward the shore. Why does this occur?
High pressure over the land causes a downdraft to occur.
The tide carries the wind to the shore as it moves back and forth.
Conduction of heat from the warm water produces wind from the ocean.
Air over land heats faster than air over water, which causes convection.
The diagram shows the motion of two tectonic plates.
Which type of change on Earth will most likely result from this plate motion?
A rapid change in the form of an earthquake
A rapid change in the form of a volcanic eruption
A slow change in the form of a mountain building
A slow change in the form of the ocean floor spreading
The following diagram shows energy transfer processes that happen above the ocean.
Which step of the diagram involves convection?
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Energy can be transferred as heat in many ways. Which statement below is the best description of energy transfer by convection?
from the sun to Earth
from magma to the cooler rock touching the magma inside Earth
between the water molecules on the ocean’s surface in contact with air molecules immediately above the surface only
by air moving from low elevations near Earth’s surface up to higher elevations in the atmosphere in a cycle
What causes the movement in atmospheric and oceanic currents?
Tectonic plates shifting large volumes of air and water
Radiant heat waves from the core transferring to the air and water
The Sun’s heat causing the density of the air and water to rise and sink
The Moon’s gravitational pull causing the air and water to move slightly away from Earth
Gabby is asked to name one geologic process that has changed Earth’s surface over thousands of years. Which of the following should Gabby choose?
the formation of clouds
the evolution of giraffes
the eruptions of volcanoes
the circulation of ocean currents
What do earthquakes tell scientists about the history of the planet?
Earth’s climate is constantly changing.
The continents of Earth are continually moving.
Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago.
The oceans are much deeper today than millions years ago.
How does the movement of tectonic plates create new mountains?
When one plate gets pulled underneath another, the crust piles up underneath the top plate.
When one plate slides past another in the opposite direction, the crust piles up.
When continental plates crash into each other, rocks from the crust pile up.
When the plates move apart, rocks from the crust pile up to fill in the gap.
Denver, Colorado is a popular summer vacation destination because of its beautiful scenery and weather. The graphs below show the average temperature range and average precipitation in Denver.
Which data would you use to make a statement about Denver's climate?
the average temperature range
the average monthly precipitation
the highest values for each of the graphs
a combination of all the data on the graphs
Carly is researching climate and weather for a class project. She writes down observations as examples of climate and weather.
Which observation is about climate?
The average annual precipitation for the region is 70 centimeters.
The high temperature last Thursday is the hottest on record.
It is supposed to become warmer next week.
It has been raining every day for 5 days.
The illustration shows the jet stream over North America.
The jet stream over North America separates cold air masses in the north from warmer air masses to the south. The jet stream tends to move farther south in winter. How might this change in position affect weather in the United States?
Severe storms such as thunderstorms and tornadoes would only form in the far north during this time.
Colder air would move farther south, producing colder temperatures in regions that are normally warmer.
Warmer air would tend to flow north, producing mild winter temperatures in regions that are normally colder.
Cold fronts forming south of the jet stream would become stationary, producing dry conditions north of the jet stream.
Several ocean currents flow across Earth’s surface. Study the figure below and the directions in which the currents flow.
How does the California Current, which runs southward along the western coast of North America, affect the climate in that area?
The current cools the air above it, resulting in cool summers.
The current’s warm temperature causes the climate to be warm year round.
The current causes warm winds that result in warm weather at all times of the year.
The current causes hot winds that result in heat waves along the west coast of North America.
The atmosphere insulates Earth, keeping the temperature warmer and more stable than it would otherwise be. This insulating effect has an impact on other Earth spheres. What might happen to the cryosphere if the insulating effect of the atmosphere increased?
Less of the cryosphere would enter the hydrosphere.
More of the cryosphere would enter the hydrosphere.
The cryosphere would become bigger.
The cryosphere would not change.
Study the water cycle diagram.
Which of the following of Earth’s spheres are most directly represented by the part of the water cycle marked by the X?
Biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere
Cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere
Atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere
Atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere
The result of an experiment about how the speed of an object changes over time is shown in the following graph.
Based on this graph, four different lab groups came to the following conclusions. Which group’s conclusion describes the result shown in the graph?
Group 1: The speed of the object increases as time passes.
Group 2: The speed of the object decreases as time passes.
Group 3: The speed of the object does not change as time passes.
Group 4: The speed of the object decreases, then increases as time passes.
Austin and Jose are trying to understand water tension. They are trying to rest paper clips on the surface of a cup of water as shown below. Austin wants to put all of the paper clips on the water himself. Jose wants to take turns placing paper clips on the water’s surface. Austin argues that Jose’s plan introduces uncontrolled variables.
Why does Jose’s method introduce uncontrolled variables?
A scientist always conducts an experiment by himself or herself.
If both students add paper clips, they will use twice as many paper clips.
It will be difficult to record the results if both students are adding paper clips.
The results will be inconsistent because each student’s technique will be different.
The principle of spontaneous generation was believed for hundreds of years. That principal stated that new life could come about from nonliving things. For example, people observed that a baby clam suddenly appears in the mud so they thought that the clam was created from the mud. Today, science states that new life comes about from other living things. What allowed this change of ideas to be accepted?
Experiments and evidence were provided for the new ideas.
The person who proposed the new ideas was well known.
Important officials in government agreed with the new ideas.
New equipment proved mud could not produce clams.
Scientific knowledge is capable of lasting a long time. Which statement best describes scientific knowledge?
As new evidence is presented, scientific knowledge is open to revision.
Scientific knowledge is published in well-respected journals, so it is easy to locate.
Scientific knowledge is well researched and permanent.
Once established, scientific laws cannot be broken or revised.
Scientific understandings can change as new information is discovered. Which of the following is an example of how scientific understandings have changed?
People once thought Earth was round. Now they understand that it is flat.
The understanding of mountain building and earthquakes changed once people accepted the theory of plate tectonics.
The law of universal gravitation has not been tested many times and is no longer taught in science.
People once thought tornadoes forming over water created water spouts. Now they know that tornadoes can never cross any body of water.
In 1912 the meteorologist Alfred Wegener described what he called Continental Drift. He started with the present continents once formed a single land mass that drifted apart releasing the continents from the Earth's mantle then supported this idea with the outline of South America's east coast and Africa's west coast appear to have once fit together. Other scientists opposed his idea.
Why, 1912, were the ideas proposed by Alfred Wegener not immediately accepted as scientific theory?
The ideas of the scientists were based on data that was not recorded correctly.
Other scientists thought these scientists did not follow proper protocols.
Scientific investigations must be replicated many times before the results are accepted
The ideas of these scientists were too different from previous ideas for them to be accepted.
The following graph shows how far a runner travels over a certain period of time.
What is a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the data in the graph?
The runner ran 40 meters 10 seconds
The runner ran 20 meters in 10 seconds
The runner is slowing down as time passes
The runner is running faster than other runners in the area
The diagram shows the three states of matter.
What must happen to container 2 for the substance in that container to change into the state shown in container 1?
It must be mixed.
It must be heated.
It must be cooled.
It must be frozen.
Based on the information in the table, what can you conclude about the density of the Earth’s layers?
The density of the layers decreases as the pressure increases.
The density increases in layers that are closer to the core of the Earth.
The density of the layers increases as the temperature decreases.
The density increases in layers that are closer to the surface of the Earth.
Earth’s mantle is made of a dense thick material that allows movement of crustal plates. Crustal plate movement occurs because the mantle flows as a result of uneven heating inside the mantle.
____________________ are created by very hot material deep in the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again, and then heating again and then repeating the cycle.
convection waves
magma flows
magma currents
convection currents
In this physical layer of the Earth you will find tectonic plates.
lithosphere
asthenosphere
mesosphere
outer core
