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Soil Profile and Formation

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Soil is made of:

a)

pieces of rock

b)

air and water

c)

matter that was once alive

d)

all of the above

2.

Which layer of soil has low organic material and has clay in the form of aluminum and iron compounds?

a)

Topsoil

b)

Bedrock

c)

Subsoil

3.

Which layer of soil contains lots of roots and minerals for growing plants?

a)

Topsoil

b)

Subsoil

c)

Bedrock

4.

What is HUMUS made from?

a)

The remains of decayed plants.

b)

Both

c)

The remains of decayed animals.

5.

The light colored, leached horizon.

a)

A Horizon

b)

O Horizon

c)

Bedrock

d)

E Horizon

6.
Layers of soil are also known as:
a)
Soil Profiles
b)
Soil Horizons
c)
Soil sheets
d)
Soil cores
7.
Soil formation begins with the weathering of 
a)
litter.
b)
bedrock.
c)
the A horizon.
d)
humus.
8.
Which of the horizons in the soil profile shown represent the organic material?
a)
Horizon O (Humus)
b)
Horizon A
c)
Horizon B
d)
Horizon C
9.

In which horizon do most animals such as bugs live?

a)

Humus

b)

Topsoil

c)

Subsoil

d)

Parent Material

e)

Bedrock

10.

Which layer is the parent material?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon C

e)

Horizon R

11.

It can take a long time for soil to form. Which are the primary factors that affect soil formation?

a)

rainfall, temperature, wind, time, and plants

b)

time, climate, topography, plants, and animals

c)

parent rock, sunshine, plants, animals, and bacteria

d)

climate, parent rock, topography, living things, and time

12.
How does soil form?
a)
Soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixed with other materials on the surface.
b)
Soil forms when someone takes a shovel and breaks rocks, and then mixes it with dirt.
c)
Soil forms when an you throw rocks and dirt into a pond.
d)
Soil forms when you mix water and rocks together, then add air.
13.

The rate of soil development depends on these main factors:

a)

Rock type

b)

Climate

c)

Topography

d)

Organisms

e)

Gravity

14.
Which type of climate will cause the slowest weathering and soil formation?
a)
humid and hot
b)
dry and cold
c)
moderate temperature
d)
cold and wet
15.
Which layer of soil are these roots growing in?
a)
subsoil
b)
topsoil
16.

What is another name for the B horizon?

a)

Top Soil

b)

Bedrock

c)

Subsoil

d)

Base soil

17.

What is another name for the R horizon?

a)

Top Soil

b)

Bedrock

c)

Subsoil

d)

Parent Material

18.
What term describes the loss of clay, iron, and other materials from topsoil over time due to leaching?
a)
aviation
b)
eluviation
c)
illuviation
d)
ullinviation
19.
Colors associated with surface soils are determined by the amount of __________ found in the soils.
a)
microorganisms
b)
mineral matter
c)
organic matter
d)
nutrients
20.

Which element in the presence of good aeration influences the color of soil (turns it red)?

a)
boron
b)
chlorine
c)
hydrogen
d)
iron

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