•Contaminated soil sample contains Cr(VI) metal pollutant which is carcinogenic in nature. It can be removed by reductive absorption with six indigenous microorganism by converting Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Kelbesella pneumonial, Bacillus firm, and mycobacterium S.P are capable to absorb Cr(VI) where as fungal isolates Aspergillus S P, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger are competent in transforming Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Bacillus firm kelbesella pneumonial can tolerate 550 mg/L of Cr(VI).

This is microbial biotransformation.

EPS is a form of adaptation by microbe via the mechanism of bioaccumulation of heavy metal

Bioaccumulation is a passive uptake mechanism

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small, highly conserved, cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are important for zinc and copper homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, and buffering against toxic heavy metals.

This is presence in microorganism that are able to tolerate high concentration of heavy metals

Active mechanism for HM adaptation includes the following EXCEPT:

These HM adaptation mechanism is a slow active uptake , EXCEPT:

Biosorption and Bioaccumulation is the same

Biotransformation of heavy metals by microorganism is