WorksheetsMed-Surge week 4 exam
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 39mins
What is the function of the urinary system?
Regulate fluid and electrolytes, control blood pressure
Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
Removing waste and providing hormones
Bone metabolism
What are the two types of nephrons?
Clavical
Cortical
Juxtamedullary
Brain
What is the function of the tubules?
Responsible for making adjustments in filtrate bases on body's needs
Responsible for secreting urine
Responsible for nurishing the body based on needs
Responsible for increased water retention
What are the 3 steps of urine formation?
Glomerular secretion
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
What are the causes for activation of angiotensin 2?
Shock
Dehydration
Bone metabolism
Decreased sodium chloride delivered to the tubules
What is the function of aldosterone when secreted by angiotensin 2?
Activation of system increase retention of water and expansion of the intravascular fluid volume
Reabsorb and return the bodys circulation any bicarb from urinary filtrate
Excrete ammonium chloride
Activation of nephrons
Why is aldosterone secretion important?
Maintains homeostasis
Maintains enough pressure in glomerulus to ensure adequate filtration
Reabsorb and return the body's circulation to normal
Monitor blood pressure as blood beings to move to kidney
What are the results of regulation of acid-base balance?
Reabsorb and return to the body's circulation any bicarb from the urinary filtrate
Excrete or reabsorb acid
Synthesize ammonia
Excrete ammonium chloride
Osmolarity is the ratio of solute to water
True
False
What is the function of vasa recta?
Monitor the blood Pressure as it increases
Monitor the blood pressure during a stroke
Monitor the blood pressure only at birth
Monitor blood pressure as blood begins its passage into the kidney
Creatinine is endogenous waste product of the skeletal muscle
True
False
Renal clearance is the ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma
True
False
What determines renal clearance?
How quickly the substance is filtered across the glomerulus
How much of the substance is reabsorbed along the tubules
How much of the substance is secreted into the tubules
How quickly blood moves through the renal system
What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient?
(a)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys?
False
True
What does RIFLE classification stand for?
Risk
Injury
Failure
Loss
ESKD
Prerenal AKI is?
Hypoperfusion of the kidney
Actual damage to the kidney tissue
Obstruction to urine flow
Intrarenal AKI is?
Hypoperfusion of the kidney
Actual damage to the kidney tissue
Obstruction to urine flow
Postrenal AKI is?
Hypoperfusion of the kidney
Actual damage to the kidney tissue
Obstruction to urine flow
Begins with the initial insult and end when oliguria develops
Initiation period
Oliguria period
Diuresis period
Recovery period
An increase in the serum concentration of substances usually excreted by the kidneys
Initiation period
Oliguria period
Diuresis period
Recovery period
A gradual increase in urine output, which signals that glomerular filtration has started to recover
Initiation period
Oliguria period
Diuresis period
Recovery period
Signals the improvement of renal function
Initiation period
Oliguria period
Diuresis period
Recovery period
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting 3 or more months
true
false
Nephrosclerosis is hardening of the renal arteries is most often due to prolonged hypertension and diabetes
True
False
What are the types of urinary incontinence?
Stress
Urge
Functional
Iatrogenic
Mixed
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary movement, expressive language
Processing somatosensory information from the body
Primary auditory perception
Long term memory
Parietal Lobe
Processing somatosensory information from the body
Long term memory
Interpreting information from the eyes
Regulates motor movements
Temporal lobe
Voluntary movement
Primary auditory perception, understanding language
Regulates motor movement
Long term memory
Occipital lobe
Long term memory
Coordinates voluntary movements
Interpreting information from the eyes
Expressive language
Hippocampus
Primary auditory perception
Voluntary movements
Regulates motor movements
Long term memory
Cerebellum
Regulates motor movements from sensory information, coordinated voluntary movements
Voluntary movement and expressive language
Long term memory
Interpreting information from the eyes
The CNS is a vast network of neurons that controls the body's vital functions
True
False
What are the homeostatic environment needs of the CNS
Delivery of essential elements
Maintain temperature
Maintain Blood pressure
Filtration of neurotoxic substances
LOC is a continuum from normal alertness and full cognition to coma
True
False
Coma is a clinical state of unarousable unresponsiveness in which there is no purposeful responsiveness to internal or external stimuli
True
False
Akinetic mutism
Unresponsiveness to the environment makes no movement or sound but sometimes open eues
Devoid of cognitive function but has sleep wake cycles
Inconsistent but reproducible signs of awareness
Inability to move or respond
Persistent vegetative state
Unresponsiveness to the environment
devoid of cognitive function but has sleep wake cycle
Inconsistent but reproducible signs of awareness
Inability to move or respond
Minimally conscious state only differs from persistent vegetative state in it has inconsistent but reproducible signs of awareness
True
False
Locked in syndrome
Unresponsiveness
No cognitive function but has sleep wake cycle
Inability to move or respond except for eye movement due to a lesion affecting the pons
Similar to Persistent vegetative state
Components of the Glasgow Come Scale
Open eyes
Respiration rate
Best motor response
Best verbal response
What is the lowest score for the glasgow coma scale
(a)
The Monro-Kellie hypothesis of ICP is that because of limited space in the skull, an increase in any one of components of the skull will cause a change in the volume of the others
True
False
What are the results of ICP?
Decreases cerebral perfusion
causes ischemia
cell death
Further edema
Cerebral perfusion pressure is net pressure gradient that drives oxygen delivery to cerebral tissue
True
False
Craniospinal system is closed system that comprises a fixed volume of neural tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid
True
False
What are the parts of cushing triad for Increased ICP
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Brainstem herniation is shifting of brain tissue from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure
True
False
What is the danger of brainstem herniation
Cessation of cerebral blood flow
Cerebral ischemia
Infarction
Brain death
Craniotomy -opening of the skull
Craniectomy - excision of portion of skull
Burr holes - circular opening through the skull
True
False
Meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes and the fluid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
collection of infections material within the brain
acute inflammatory process of the brain tissue
Brain abscess
Inflammation of the membranes and the fluid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
collection of infections material within the brain
acute inflammatory process of the brain tissue
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the membranes and the fluid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Collection of infectious material within brain tissue
Acute Inflammatory process of the brain tissue
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is a rare degenerative infections, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
True
False
Trigeminal Neuralgia (TIc Douloureux) is a condition of the 5th cranial nerve characterized by paroxysms of pain
True
False
Bells Palsy is facial paralysis caused by unilateral inflammation of the 7th cranial nerve
True
False
Degenerative Neurologic Disorders
Parkinson
Huntington
Muscular dystrophies
Degenerative disc disease
Primary Brain tumors
Originate within the brain
develop from structures outside of the brain
Secondary Brain tumors
Originate from cells in the brain
Metastatic
develop from structures outside the brain
Intramedullary
within the cord
within or under the spinal dura
outside the dural membrane
Extramedullary-intradural
within the cord
within or under the spinal dura
outside the dural membrane
Extramedullary-extradural
within the cord
within or under the spinal dura
outside the dural membrane
Extramedullary-extradural tumor is a medical emergency because it creates spinal cord compression and can be alleviated with immediate surgical intervention to preserve the cord
True
False
Only those who inherit the expansion of the gene will develop the disease and pass it onto their children
Huntingtions
Parkinsons
Hypertension
Down Syndrome
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and loss of motor nuclei of the lower brainstem
True
False
Lhermitte syndrome is an electric like shock sensation in the extremities or spine with neck flexion or straining and bilateral arm and leg weakness (myelopathy)
True
False
