WorksheetsMidterm Rev #4_Cell Div and Communication_ AP Bio_ 21-22
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 35mins
All the following are true of phosphorylation cascades EXCEPT
they amplify the signal
they can lead to a variety of cellular responses
a small amount of signal molecule can cause a large change in the cell
they lead to the same cellular response every time
________________ are utilized in the endocrine system. They diffuse into blood and affect cells that have the right receptor.
peptides
kinases
neurotransmitters
hormones
The enzyme that transfers a phosphate from ATP to a molecule and thereby turning it ON is called a __________________.
phosphatase
cyclin
kinase
adenylyl cyclase
The enzyme that has the opposite effect of a protein kinase and pulls a phosphate OFF a molecule (thereby deactivating it) is called a
phosphatase
cyclin
ATPase
adenylyl cyclase
Intracellular signal molecules that can diffuse through the cell membrane only work on target cells and not ALL cells because
if it is not a target cell, the white blood cells will engulf and attack the signal molecule
only target cells have the appropriate intracellular receptors
only specific types of cells can utilize intracellular signals
target cells that use intracellular receptors have the ability to ignore all other types of signals
All of the following are stages of cell signaling EXCEPT
Reception
Transduction
Response
All of these are the stages of cell signaling
When you eat sweets, your blood sugar increases. Your body releases insulin which triggers your liver to take up the extra sugar in the blood, and then the blood sugar levels go back down. This is an example of _______________ feedback .
negative
positive
inhibitive
During labor, the mothers body secretes the hormone oxytocin which induces contractions of the uterus. As labor progresses, the mother and baby both continue to secrete more and more oxytocin as contractions increase until the baby is born. This is an example of _______________ feedback .
negative
positive
inhibitive
_________________ bind to receptors on target cells and induce a signal transduction pathway that activates genes that result in cell division.
Phosphatases
Kinases
Neurotransmitters
Growth Factors
An example of paracrine cell communication is:
White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info via gap junctions
Neurons communicating across a synapse
Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues
A cell converting a chemical signal into a cellular response is known as __.
energetics
transduction
ligand response
transformation
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a phosphorylation cascade
binding of multiple signals
branching pathways
action of adenylyl cyclase
What event would activate a G protein?
replacement of GDP with GTP
hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
hydrolysis of GDP to GTP
phosphorylation of GDP to GTP
The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________.
cAMP
protein kinase
GTP
ATP
protein phosphatase
Where would you find a receptor for a steroid hormone?
in the cytoplasm because steroids are polar and can diffuse through the plasma membrane
in the cytoplasm because steroid are nonpolar and can diffuse through the plasma membrane
on the membrane because steroids are polar and cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane
on the membrane because steroids are nonpolar and cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane
TRUE or FALSE: Prokaryotic cells do mitosis.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: Mitosis can happen without cytokinesis.
TRUE
FALSE
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase, prometaphase
prophase, metaphase,
prometaphase, telophase, anaphase
prophase,
prometaphase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prometaphase,
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
The cell spends most of it's life in ________________.
mitosis
cytokinesis
Interphase
None of the above
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
DNA replication occurs during:
Anaphase
Interphase
Metaphase
Prophase
A cell that undergoes repeated mitosis without cytokinesis would have:
many daughter cells
fewer chromosomes
many nuclei
cancerous properties
Cancer cells...
divide too frequently
are uncontrolled
can metastasize (move) to other locations
all of these.
Cells that have left the cell cycle and are in a non-dividing state have gone into what stage?
G1
S
G2
G0
M
A picture of the cells chromosomes is called
a DNA image
an MRI
an x-ray
a karyotype
Why do cells go through mitosis?
to make food from sunlight
to get air into the cells
to create proteins
to reproduce, grow, and repair/replace cells
