WorksheetsCell Cycle and Mitosis
Total questions: 43
Worksheet time: 27mins
What are the limiting factors to a cell's size?
the maximum length of spindle fibers in mitosis
the rate of diffusion
the rate of energy production by mitochondria
DNA information overload
the surface area/volume ratio
To maintain an optimal rate of diffusion of nutrients into the cell and wastes out of a cell, a cell will tend to...
have a high surface area/volume ratio
have a low surface area/volume ratio
have a surface area/volume ratio equal to 1
be smaller
be larger
As a cell gets larger (in volume), its ratio of surface area/volume tends to...
increase
decrease
stay the same
Why is DNA overload a limiting factor to cell size?
as a cell grows, the amount of DNA stays the same
too large cells are unable to divide their duplicated chromosomes equally in anaphase
cells that get too large cannot regulate all the stuff coming into the cell, leading to harmful substances entering the cell
cells that get too large need more proteins to sustain their reactions than can be produced from DNA instructions
genetic checkpoints trigger cell death if the cell gets too large
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
simple and fast - only one parent is required
results in genetic diversity of the offspring
advantageous in relatively stable environmental conditions
advantageous in adapting to changing environmental conditions
allows populations to increase rapidly
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
simple and fast - only one parent is required
results in genetic diversity of the offspring
advantageous in relatively stable environmental conditions
advantageous in adapting to changing environmental conditions
allows populations to increase rapidly
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
offspring have genetic diversity
it is less simple and efficient because it requires 2 parents
it takes a long time for populations to increase
offspring lack genetic diversity
offspring are less capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
offspring have genetic diversity
it is less simple and efficient because it requires 2 parents
it takes a long time for populations to increase
offspring lack genetic diversity
offspring are less capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions
What are the 2 parts of the cell cycle?
interphase and M phase
mitosis and cytokinesis
interphase and prophase
interphase and cytokinesis
interphase and metaphase
What are the 2 parts of M phase?
interphase and M phase
mitosis and cytokinesis
mitosis and metaphase
prophase and metaphase
prophase and cytokinesis
What is the purpose of mitosis?
to divide a cell into 2 smaller, genetically identical daughter cells
to facilitate sexual reproduction
to enable unicellular organisms to grow larger
to promote genetic diversity in the 2 resulting daughter cells
to allow multicellular organisms to grow and replace old/damaged cells
What are the phases of interphase called?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
G1
S
G2
G1
S
G2
M phase
What happens in G1 of interphase?
the chromosomes condense and line up at the center of the cell
the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
the cell grows
synthesis of new proteins and organelles
the chromosomes are duplicated
What happens in S of interphase?
the chromosomes condense and line up at the center of the cell
the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
the cell grows
synthesis of new proteins and organelles
the chromosomes are duplicated
What happens in G2 of interphase?
the chromosomes condense and line up at the center of the cell
the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
the cell grows
synthesis of new proteins and organelles
the chromosomes are duplicated
What happens in prophase?
Duplicated chromosomes line up across center of cell
Genetic material condenses into duplicated chromosomes
Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve
Chromosomes spread out into chromatin
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, and form a web of spindle fibers
What happens in metaphase?
Cell membrane pinches off into 2 distinct daughter cells
Spindle fibers shorten, causing sister chromatids to separate into individual chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes
Spindle fibers attach to the center (centromere) of each chromosome
Duplicated chromosomes line up across center of cell
What happens in anaphase?
Nucleolus becomes visible
Spindle fibers shorten, causing sister chromatids to separate into individual chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, and form a web of spindle fibers (microtubules) throughout the cell
Chromosomes spread out into chromatin
What happens in telophase?
Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes
Chromosomes spread out into chromatin
Duplicated chromosomes line up across center of cell
Spindle fibers shorten, causing sister chromatids to separate into individual chromosomes pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Nucleolus becomes visible
What happens in cytokinesis?
Spindle fibers attach to the center (centromere) of each chromosome
Chromosomes spread out into chromatin
Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve
Cell membrane pinches off into 2 distinct daughter cells
Nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes
What is the correct order of phases in mitosis?
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
prophase
telophase
metaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
What phase is depicted in the image?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What phase is depicted in the image?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What phase is depicted in the image?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What phase is depicted in the image?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What phase is depicted in the image?
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What structure is labelled by letter A?
nucleus
chromosomes
centrosomes
centrioles
sister chromotids
What structure is labelled by letter B?
nucleus
chromosomes
centrosome
centrioles
sister chromotids
What structure is labelled by letter C?
nucleus
chromosomes
centrosome
centrioles
sister chromotids
What is the purpose of the spindle fibers?
to pull apart sister chromatids in mitosis
to break down the nuclear envelope in prophase
to transcribe instructions to DNA into producing proteins
to duplicate the chromosomes
to produce more organelles in G1 phase
This figure represents the different stages of the cell cycle. What is represented by letter A?
G1
S
G2
M phase
This figure represents the different stages of the cell cycle. What is represented by letter B?
G1
S
G2
M phase
This figure represents the different stages of the cell cycle. What is represented by letter C?
G1
S
G2
M phase
This figure represents the different stages of the cell cycle. What is represented by letter D?
G1
S
G2
M phase
What regulates the cell cycle?
ATP and NADH
electron carriers
cyclins
steroid hormones (lipids)
p53
Which cyclin induces S phase?
Cyclin C
Cyclin E
Cyclin A
Cyclin B
Which cyclin induces mitosis?
Cyclin C
Cyclin E
Cyclin A
Cyclin B
Why is the cell cycle regulated so carefully?
to prevent mistakes such as inaccurate DNA replication from leading to cancerous cells
to prevent the mitochondria from being exhausted
to give the cell time to decide how many daughter cells it will divide into
to ensure maximum efficiency of ATP use
to allow the cell to divide as fast as possible for rapid growth
What is cancer?
(a)
Half of all cancers are associated with a mutation in the p53 gene, which is a checkpoint to ensure that...
the nuclear envelopes reformed during relophase
no mistakes were made in chromosome duplication in metaphase
the mitotic spindle fiber formed in prophase
the right number of organelles were produced in G1
the DNA was replicated properly in S phase
How do malignant cancerous tumors negatively affect the body’s functioning?
(a)
What are some of the visual differences between regular cells and cancer cells?
(a)
When will cells stop growing and dividing?
when a mistake is detected in DNA duplication
when they come into contact with other cells on all sides
when a multicellular organism becomes mature
they never stop dividing
