In this Supreme Court case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights limited only the actions of the Federal government and not those of the states.

___________________________ are the personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation.

The due process guarantee can be found in

The government may not curb or censor expression before the fact; this is known as

Which of the following receives the most protection?

This clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from creating a national religion, nor may it sanction or favor a religion.

This clause of the First Amendment prevents government from interfering in the practice of one's religion.

The test used to determine if state aid to religious schools violates the Establishment Clause is called the

When the process of incorporation is referred to as "selective," it is in reference to the fact that

Which of the following is an example of a good faith exception, as it relates to the exclusionary rule?

Which of the following cases most likely involves a violation of civil rights?

The extension of marriage rights to same-sex couples was done under which of the following justifications?

As part of the Women's Right Movement, Title IX attempted to take the concept of equal protection under the law and extend it to the realm of

What was the significance of sending federal troops to protect African-American students in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957?

The Supreme Court has consistently upheld that suspected terrorists in U.S. detention are guarenteed

"Unreasonable Search and Seizure" is protected by which amendment?

The Supreme Court overturned laws regulating birth control in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) on the grounds that such laws violated the right to privacy. Why was this a controversial decision?

What are the five liberties of the 1st Amendment?

What does the Establishment Clause do?

What Law made all public spaces accessible to all individuals?

This civil liberty prevents making an act a crime, when at the time the act was committed it was not unlawful.

This civil liberty prevents an unfair arrest and imprisonment.

What kind of defamatory speech is written?

What kind of defamatory speech is spoken?

What was the government act that sent Japanese Americans to the internment camps?

Speech urging the resistance to lawful authority or advocating the overthrow of the government

A white male student claimed he was rejected into medical school twice because of reverse discrimination.

Policies that give preference to women or minorities for jobs, promotions, admission to schools, or other benefits is:

Non-verbal communication that expresses an opinion

Which is not an example of protected symbolic speech under the First Amendment?

Campaign contributions are a protected form of symbolic speech because it is expressing support for a candidate and their ideas

Are fighting words protected by the freedom of speech?

An obscenity, or sexually explicit material,

This Supreme Court standard/test states that "the right to free expression, though not absolute, occupies a higher, preferred position in comparison to othe rights, such as property rights."

This Supreme Court standard/test states that "any restriction to speech, such as a requirement that parades or demonstration not disrupt other people exercise of their rights, must not favor one gropup over an other."

This Supreme Court standard/test states that "towns, states, and federal government must both neutral and clear standars to guide adminstrators in issuing the permit. It also must have clear definitions, like laws that punish obscentity must have a clear definition of obscenity."

This Supreme Court standard/test states that "if it is necessary to restrict the exercise of one right to protect the exercise of another, the method should use the least amount of restriction to achieve this end. Example: If the press threathens a person's right to a fair trial, the judge could request transfering the case to another town, rather than issuing a "gag order"."

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial acts and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

This type of segregation was mandated by law and was exclusive to the American south.

This type of segregation was based on custom and tradition was exclusive to northern states.

If the policy uses REASONABLE means to achieve a legitimate governmental goal, it is constitutional.

If the policy "serves an important government interest" and is "SUBSTANTIALLY RELATED" to serving that interest, it is constitutional.

To be constitutional, the discrimination must serve a "compelling government interest," it must be "NARROWLY TAILORED" to attain that interests, and it must use the "LEAST RESTRICTIVE MEANS" to attain it.

Ex: Men can be punished for staturoy rape even if women are not punished because men and women are not "similarly situated." OR men can be barred from entering hospital delivery rooms.

EX: 21 to drink (prevent children/undeveloped brains from drinking)

EX: distintions based on race, ethnicity, religion, or voting MUST PASS THIS TEST.

How might rules about pay confidentiality help companies avoid lawsuits about discrimination?

"something for something" something given in exchange for something else (such as a favor)

States CAN pass laws to regulate abortion so long as they do not create an "undue burden" regarding access to abortion

States could not deny a couple a marriage license on account of the different race of the couple

Same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry

State law may not ban sexual relations between same-sex partners

a priavte organization may ban LGTBQIA+ from its membership

LGBTQIA+ persons are protect from employment discrimination under federal law

LBGTQIA+ couples married in states where same-sex marriage is legal must receive the same federal health, tax, and other benifits that heterosexual couples receive

A law enacted by Congress in 1998 that allowed states to refuse to recognize gay marriages or civil unions formed in other jurisdictions. The Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional in 2013.

A 2001 law that gave the government new powers to monitor suspected terrorists and their associates, including the ability to access personal information.