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AP Psych Unit #5: Cognitive Psychology

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
a)

Overconfidence Bias

b)

Decay Theory

c)

Functional Fixedness

d)
Proactive interference
2.

When Josie thinks of the word "bird" she pictures a songbird although there are other types of birds like penguins, ostriches and eagles. The songbird is Josie's _______ for the word "bird".

a)

Prototype

b)

Framing

c)

Priming

d)

Source Misattribution

3.

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score (rounding to the nearest whole number) is

a)
25
b)
50
c)

68

d)
95
4.
Which of the following types of tests is designed to measure an individual’s knowledge of a subject?
a)
Achievement
b)
Attitude
c)
Aptitude
d)
Projective
5.
A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having
a)
Ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
b)
Answered 75% of the test questions correctly
c)
Scored higher than 75% of the test takers
d)
Scored 75% higher than the average test taker
6.
The performance of the group on which an IQ test is standardized sets the
a)
Method of administration most suitable for the test
b)
Extent to which IQ is determined by environment
c)
Degree of validity of the IQ test
d)
Norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated
7.
Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test?
a)
Intelligence quotient
b)
Mental age
c)
Chronological age
d)
School grades
8.

Applying the same strategy or pattern to solve similar problems because it worked in the past is known as

a)

Belief Bias

b)

Mental Set

c)

Representative Heuristic

d)
confirmation bias
9.
The test you took for AP US History does not produce consistent results, even when comparing students at the extreme ends of performance. This test is not:
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
10.
I gave each of you a totally different intelligence test in a totally different manner. You should complain that the test is not:
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
11.

For the intelligence quiz I considered having you do pushups, however this would not be a ____________ measure of your knowledge of intelligence, because pushups have no connection to one's intelligence.

a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
12.
_______________is responsible for the multiple intelligences theory (8 Intelligences).
a)
Robert Sternberg
b)
Stanford-Binet
c)
Matthew Tirey
d)
Howard Gardner
13.
_______________is responsible for the test that independently measures both verbal and performance abilities.
a)
David Wechsler
b)
Robert Sternberg
c)
Stanford-Binet
d)
Howard Gardner
14.
IQ is designed to measure:
a)
Practical intelligence
b)
Spatial intelligence
c)
Heinousness intelligence
d)
General intelligence
15.
G in intelligence stands for:
a)
Genious
b)
General
c)
Ginormous
d)
Grande
16.
Which of the following would be best associated with ‘Multiple ability’ intelligence testing:
a)
Intelligence Quotient
b)
Whitaker Standard
c)
Gardner’s Theory
d)
Emotional Intelligence
17.
Which of the following would be an example of a culturally biased question:
a)
In what region of the Unites States does Kentucky belong?
b)
What family members typically live in a household?
c)
In what biosphere would you find a polar bear?
d)
Who was the founder of the United States?
18.

If a person has an IQ lower than ______, they may have an intellectual disability.

a)

100

b)

70

c)

50

d)

20

19.
Intelligence tests for children typically focus most on:
a)
Potential
b)
Knowledge
c)
Facts
d)
Behaviors
20.
A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet’s concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that
a)
it is inappropriate for adults
b)
it is based on negatively skewed distribution.
c)
its norms are no longer appropriate
d)
it has a gender bias
e)
it produces unreliable test results among rural children
21.

Sigmund Freud, a psychoanalytic psychologist, believed that dreams

a)

show us our deepest desires & conflicts.

b)

help preserve our neural connections.

c)

help people deal with stressful events.

d)

sort out and make sense of memories.

22.
Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics?
a)
Phenylketonuria(PKU)
b)
Giftedness
c)
Savant Syndrome
d)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
e)
Down Syndrome
23.
Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if
a)
they are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests
b)
the group taking the test is not ethnically diverse
c)
they are forced t take a test that is know to have a low retest reliability
d)
other students perceive them to be a minority ethnic group
e)
the test does not have standardized administration or scoring procedures
24.
A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?
a)
Declarative
b)
Semantic
c)
Iconic
d)
Episodic
e)
Procedural
25.
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
a)
Iconic
b)
Procedural
c)
Declarative
d)
Implicit
e)
Echoic
26.
In Elizabeth Loftus’ study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the
a)
number of pictures the students were shown of the accident
b)
length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident
c)
wording of questions the students were asked about the accident
d)
location of the accident
e)
sex and age of the students
27.
When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma’s performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie’s due to differences in
a)

Serial Position Effect

b)

Retroactive Interference

c)

Levels of Processing

d)

Functional Fixedness

28.
The cerebellum is most directly involved in
a)
forming emotional memories
b)
forming explicit and spatial memories
c)
judgement and higher order cognition.
d)
sensory processing and relaying.
e)
motor learning.
29.
Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this effect is most likely due to
a)
an increase in the average number of years in school.
b)
a decrease in access to medical care, clean water, and nutritious food.
c)
an increase in population.
d)
a decrease in genetic mutations
e)
an increase in genetic diversity.
30.

Piper is in phys ed class. She is chosen as the team leader and now needs to choose which classmates will be on her volleyball team. She decides to choose the students who look most athletic first. Piper is picking her team based on the

a)

the Availability Heuristic.

b)

Affect Heuristic.

c)

Representativeness Heuristic.

d)

Misinformation Effect.

31.
Martine needs a hammer but cannot find one. As she looks around her apartment, her gaze passes over a metal paperweight and some other objects that could potentially serve as a makeshift hammer. However, she is so focused on these objects' typical uses that she does not think to use any of them as a hammer. Martine is experiencing which of the following?
a)
Fundamental Attribution Error
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Blindsight
d)
Hawthorne Effect
e)
Repression
32.
Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence than Charles Spearman’s theory of intelligence. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?
a)
Ms. Reagan's student Shuri is excellent at math, so she concludes that Shuri must also have high verbal ability.
b)
Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. For example, she notices her student Noel plays well with others as well as alone.
c)
Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit three specific types of intelligence.
d)
Ms. Reagan observes that her student Lenny is practical, creative, and analytical, so she concludes that Lenny must be the most intelligent person in her class.
e)
Because Jenny can memorize every book she reads, Ms. Reagan concludes that she must have a high IQ.
33.
Which of the following psychologists is most strongly associated with research on false memories?
a)
Elizabeth Loftus
b)
Noam Chomsky
c)
Ernst Weber
d)
Jean Piaget
e)
Mary Ainsworth
34.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?
a)
After a car accident, Serena can no longer form new memories, though she can still remember things that happened before the accident.
b)
Alexis believes that because she has played the lottery many times without winning, she is more likely to win than someone who has never played before.
c)
Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.
d)
Raj just bought a new phone and keeps trying to turn it on by pushing the wrong button because the button is in the place where the on button was on his old phone.
e)
Lina is trying to find a solution to a problem but is unable to see how the available tools could be used in a different way.
35.

Which of the following is a feature of the storage stage of memory?

a)

converting visual information into something meaningful

b)

converting sound into vibrations

c)

bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind

d)

holding information just long enough to work with it

36.

In _________, new long-term declarative memories cannot be formed at all.

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

memory decay

c)

anterograde amnesia

d)

memory trace

37.

People’s memories of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. are best described as:

a)

recognition memories.

b)

implicit memories.

c)

flashbulb memories.

d)

procedural memories.

38.

The song that begins “Doe, a deer, a female deer . . . fah, a long long way to run” helps people remember the order of notes on a musical scale. This song is a type of:

a)

mnemonic device.

b)

elaborative rehearsal.

c)

constructive process.

d)

echoic memory.

39.

A tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s beliefs while ignoring other evidence is called ________.

a)

mental set

b)

trial-and-error

c)

confirmation bias

d)

functional fixedness

40.

If a test measures what it is supposed to measure, that test has:

a)

reliability.

b)

validity.

c)

objectivity.

d)

consistency.

41.

Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. This test can be considered:

a)

subjective.

b)

objective.

c)

reliable.

d)

valid.

42.

Derrick lives in the rugged mountains, so whenever he hears the word “vehicle,” the first thing that comes to mind is a jeep. For Derrick, a jeep is a(n) _______ for vehicle.

a)

prototype

b)

mental set

c)

algorithm

d)

formal concept

43.

Sabrina’s statistics instructor assigns math homework every week that requires Sabrina to solve problems using formulas. Sabrina is making use of what method of problem solving to complete her statistics homework?

a)

insight

b)

algorithms

c)

trial and error

d)

heuristics

44.

Alyssa has to write a research paper on the effects of video games on child behavior. Alyssa believes that video games lead to bad behavior in children, and only finds research that supports her views. Alyssa’s actions are a demonstration of _______.

a)

divergent thinking

b)

functional fixedness

c)

confirmation bias

d)

convergent thinking

45.

Samantha does really well managing her own emotions, as well as recognizing and understanding the feelings of others around her. Mayer's research would indicate that Samantha has a high level of _______.

a)

Functional Flexibility

b)

Emotional Intelligence

c)

Overconfidence Bias

d)

Belief Perseverance

46.

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as

a)

Serial Position Effect.

b)

Heuristics.

c)

Priming.

d)

Decay Theory.

47.
Kathy performs better on foreign language vocab tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test.  This illustrates:
a)

Spacing Effect

b)

Serial Position Effect

c)

Trial & Error Problem-Solving

d)

Chunking

48.
Which type of memory has essentially unlimited storage capacity?
a)
echoic memory
b)

short-term memory

c)

long-term memory

d)

sensory memory

49.

The hippocampus plays a critical role in _____ memory.

a)
iconic
b)
explicit
c)
echoic
d)
implicit 
50.
People are more likely to respond better to you telling them that they have a 60% chance of passing a class, than telling them they have a 40% chance of failure. What kind of influence does this example demonstrate?
a)

Framing

b)

Priming

c)

Encoding

d)

Rehearsal

51.
After watching the evening news, Khloe believes the newscast contains only tragic events like floods, earthquakes, and murders. When asked to think carefully about the newscast, she did recall many other events. This is an example of:
a)
Representative heuristic
b)
Availability heuristic
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Insight
52.
You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 
a)

retroactive interference.

b)
proactive interference.
c)
motivated forgetting.
d)
encoding failure.
53.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
54.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
55.
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
a)
repression.
b)
encoding failure.
c)
retrieval failure.
d)
a physical decay of stored memory.
56.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
57.
Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: 
a)
amygdala.
b)
hypothalamus.
c)
sensory cortex.
d)

Hippocampus.

58.
Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:
a)
The representativeness heuristic
b)
The framing effect
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Belief perseverance
59.

Which one of the following illustrates belief perseverance?

a)

Your belief remains intact even in the face of evidence to the contrary

b)

You refuse to listen to arguments counter to your beliefs

c)

You tend to become flustered and angered when your beliefs are refuted

d)

You tend to search for information that supports your beliefs

60.

You are baking a cake. You get out the ingredients and start pouring them into a bowl based on how much you think might work. You bake them to see what happens. This type of problem-solving is known as

a)

Trial & Error

b)

Alogrithm

c)

Heuristics

d)

Insight

61.

You are baking a cake. You decide you are going to follow a recipe you found on Pinterest. You follow it step-by-step. This type of problem-solving is called

a)

Trial & Error

b)

Algorithm

c)

Heuristics

d)

Insight

62.

Acronyms, sayings, clues, and turning facts into songs are all forms of memory rehearsal called

a)

mnemonics.

b)

schemas.

c)

mental sets.

d)

framing.

63.

Maggie memorized the list of grocery items she needed prior to going into the store. When she got there, Maggie could only remember the first and last few items on the list. This is known as

a)

the Spacing Effect.

b)

the Serial Position Effect.

c)

Chunking.

d)

Mnemonics.

64.

What scan would be used to read brain waves during sleep?

a)

EEG

b)

PET

c)

CT

d)

MRI

65.

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle (also known as our "biological clock") is our

a)

Sleep Cycle

b)

NREM Sleep

c)

Circadian Rhythm

d)

Sleep Apnea

66.

What part of the body increases production of melatonin, the hormone that helps people fall asleep, when the eyes are exposed to darkness?

a)

Amygdala

b)

Axon Terminals of neurons

c)

Hippocampus

d)

Pineal Gland

67.

When eyes are exposed to bright light

a)

the pineal gland DECREASES production of melatonin.

b)

the pineal gland INCREASES production of melatonin.

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