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WorksheetsAPP M26&27 S1 23
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 59mins
Match the following
a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
learning
an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.
habituation
any event or situation that evokes a response.
stimulus
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
behaviorism
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning w Dogs
Watson
Classical Conditioning
Skinner
Operant Conditioning
(a) is a type of learning that uses consequences to reinforce learning and was practiced by (b) . (c) is a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events and was practiced by (d) .
Match the following
stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
neutral stimulus (NS)
an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UR)
a stimulus that unconditionally--naturally and automatically--triggers a response (UR).
Unconditioned Stimulus
a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus
Conditioned Response
an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
Match the following
when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
acquisition
a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus.
higher-order conditioning
the diminishing of a conditional response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
extinction
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.
spontaneous recovery
Match the following terms with examples from the Baby Albert Experiment:
fuzzy animal before conditioning
Neutral Stimulus
Loud cymbals crash
Unconditioned Stimulus
fuzzy animal After Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus
crying because of the loud noise
Unconditioned Response
crying when seeing the fuzzy animal after conditioning
Conditioned Response
In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was originally the (a) . The food Pavlov gave the dogs was the (b) and their drooling to it was the (c) . Over time the dogs associated the bell with the food and the bell became the (d) and their drooling to the bell was the (e) .
an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it.
(a)
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
(a)
the diminishing of a conditional response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS)
(a)
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimulus to elicit similar responses.
(a)
Match the following
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.
spontaneous recovery
in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
generalization
For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone.
higher-order conditioning
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
neutral stimulus
an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
(a) conditioning is the (b) between two stimuli. (c) conditioning is the association of an action and a (d) . (e) studied classical conditioning.
Edward Thorndike's Law of (a) stated that organisms preferred favorable consequences and therefore behavior modification was possible.
Match the following
any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again
punishment
in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
reinforcement
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
operant conditioning
principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
law of effect
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli is an example of (a) reinforcement. (b) behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli is an example of negative (c) .
Click all that apply when regards to reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement INCREASES the chance that a behavior will be repeated
Negative Reinforcement INCREASES the chance that a behavior will be repeated
Positive Reinforcement DECREASES the chance that a behavior will be repeated
Negative Reinforcement DECREASES the chance that a behavior will be repeated
all of the statements are correct
Match the following
Reinforcement or punishment that occurs some
amount of time after the behavior
Delayed Reinforcement/Punishment
Reinforcement or punishment that occurs right after a behavior
Immediate reinforcerment/punishment
an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
primary reinforcer
a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer
conditioned reinforcer
(a) behaviors by presenting an (b) (bad) stimuli is an example of a positive (c) . Decreasing behaviors by stopping or reducing (d) stimuli is an example of (e) punishment.
Positive Reinforcement
Getting a weekly paycheck
Negative Reinforcement
Being released from jail early for good behavior
Positive Punishment
A boss yelling at an employee in front of others
Negative Punishment
Getting fired for repeatedly coming late and performing poorly at work
List 3 potential problems with punishment
Match the following
Fixed
Consistent
Variable
Random
Interval
Amount of Time
Ratio
Amount of attempts
Fixed Ratio
Every so Many
Fixed Interval
Every so Often
Variable Ratio
After an unpredictable number
Variable Interval
After an unpredictable amount of time
Match the following
a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
reinforcement schedule
reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses/attempts
fixed-ratio schedule
reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses/attempts
variable-ratio schedule
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
fixed-interval schedule
reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
variable-interval schedule
Fixed Interval
A weekly Paycheck
Variable Ratio
A slot machine
Fixed Ratio
Getting a free coffee after purchasing 10 coffees
Variable Interval
Random Drug test at work
using reinforcement in steps as a subject comes closer to the desired behavior is known as
(a)
1) What do we call the kind of learning in which a behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer?
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Shaping
Respondent Conditioning
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a
Rat’s food reward in a skinner box
A cold drink on a hot day
A good score on a test that a student studied for
A hug from a loved one
Match the following
A small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is systematically recorded while the consequences of the response are controlled
Skinner Box
any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
reinforcement
any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again
punishment
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
operant conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
classical conditioning
Behavior: Joy smiles at everyone
Consequence: She makes a lot of friends
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
Behavior: Zane has his phone out in class
Consequence: He gets it taken away
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
Behavior: Jack mows the lawn
Consequence: He receives an allowance
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
Behavior: The teacher sings to the class
Consequence: The students laugh at her
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
Behavior: Andre smacks his gum
Consequence: His girlfriend tells him to be quiet
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
Behavior: Trisha whines non-stop on twitter
Consequence: She loses hundreds of followers
+ reinforcement
-- reinforcement
+ punishment
-- punishment
A charity makes an average of 15 phone calls for every donation received.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
Watching & seeing shooting stars on a dark night.
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
Most psychologists suggest that physical punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it:
May cause children to learn to hit
May cause a child to run away
Does not teach the correct way to act.
Does all of the above
A reinforcer that fulfills a basic need like hunger. Examples: any kind of food, liquid, or touch.
Primary Reinforcer
Secondary Reinforcer
Which statements about punishment as a way to change behavior are correct?
Punishment can have the oppisite effect by reinforcing an improper behavior
Punishment is the most effective method to change behavior
Punishment can help change behaviors when used correctly
Punishment can cause embarassment and lead to resentment, and can lead people 'hiding' undesired behaviors
Punishment should never be used because it will not ever work
In horror movies, scary music is played with a violent scene and that causes viewers to tense up. What is the the Unconditioned stimulus
in (a) conditioning we learn to associate two stimuli and thus to anticipate events
in (a) conditioning, we learn to associate a response (our behavior) and its consequence
Little Albert began to associate any small, fluffy object with the loud sound. What is this describing?
discrimination
extinction
generalization
counterconditioning
Which of the following scenarios best matches classical conditioning?
Bob studied for his math test for two hours and only got a C, so he decided to study more for the next test.
Bob skipped class last week and had to stay after for detention. He decided not to skip classes anymore.
Bob ate a cheeseburger and felt sick afterwards, so every time he smells McDonalds he feels nauseous.
Bob has always been afraid of dogs because they might bite, so he has a pet fish instead.
If a caveman starts to fear big furry animals that growl (like a lion) but knows not to be afraid of a small furry animal (like a mouse), what survival adaptation is occurring?
taste aversion
extinction
generalization
discrimination
