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Unit 4: Learning (Fall 2022)

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which key researcher contributed to taste aversion through his experiments with rats?

a)

BF Skinner

b)

Edward Tolman

c)

John B Garcia

d)

Robert Rescorla

2.

A slot machine rewards the player with coins after they try an unpredictable amount of times. This is an example of a..

a)

fixed-interval schedule

b)

variable-interval schedule

c)

fixed-ratio schedule

d)

variable-ratio schedule

3.

After helping clean the dinner table, a child is rewarded with ice cream. This is an example of…

a)

positive reinforcement

b)

negative reinforcement

c)

positive punishment

d)

negative punishment

4.

The student is very confident in her work and thinks she got a good grade on her presentation. Her perception is of…

a)

learned helplessness

b)

internal locus of control

c)

external locus of control

d)

positive reinforcement

5.

An original neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response is known as a...

a)

unconditioned stimulus

b)

neutral stimulus

c)

conditioned response

d)

conditioned stimulus

6.

What is the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses?

a)

Application

b)

Stimulus Generalization

c)

Stimulus Discrimination

d)

Extinction

7.

During his experiments with dogs, the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment was...

a)

no salivation

b)

a ringing tone

c)

salivation

d)

having food in the dog's mouth

8.

A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat.

a)

classical conditioning

b)

operant conditioning

c)

observational learning

9.
Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of
a)
operant conditioning.
b)
reinforcement
c)
classical conditioning.
d)
vicarious conditioning.
10.
In a classic experiment, "Little Albert," a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of
a)
classical conditioning.
b)
higher order conditioning.
c)
reinforcement.
d)
operant conditioning.
11.
When Pavlov placed food in the mouth's of dogs, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ________.
a)
unconditioned stimulus
b)
unconditioned response
c)
conditioned response
d)
conditioned stimulus
12.
John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.
a)
discriminative stimulus
b)
conditioned stimulus
c)
unconditioned stimulus
d)
extinguished stimulus
13.

In Pavlov's experiment, the salivating to the sound of a bell is a(n)

a)

Unconditioned Stimulus

b)

Unconditioned Response

c)

Conditioned Stimulus

d)

Conditioned Response

14.
When learning first takes place, we would say that __ has occurred.
a)
Acquisition
b)
Extinction
c)
Spontaneous Recovery
d)
Discrimination
15.

Yesterday, Mary competed in a martial arts tournament. She ended up placing fourth out of the ten that competed. Mary was devastated because she really loves the sport and has been practicing for the majority of her life. Which type of motivation is this demonstrating?

a)

Observational Learning

b)

Extrinsic Motivation

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Biological Predisposition

16.

In Pavlov's experiment, the bell is the _

a)

Neutral Stimulus

b)

Conditioned Stimulus

c)

Conditioned Response

d)

Unconditioned Response

17.

A person is pinned down and tickled. At first, the person fights against it. Eventually, the person (seeing that they have no control) gives up and lets it happen. What is this an example of?

a)

An acquisition error

b)

Habituation

c)

Latent Learning

d)

Learned Helplessness

18.

What is an example of a primary reinforcer?

a)

VIdeo Games

b)

Punishment

c)

Food

d)

School

19.

Which is an example of a secondary reinforcement?

a)

Dehydration

b)

Praise

c)

Hunger

d)

Having to go to the bathroom

20.

After Teddy has been conditioned to fearing people with black socks, Teddy sees a black ankle brace and responds similarly to seeing black socks. What is this an example of?

a)

Discrimination

b)

Operant Conditioning

c)

Chaining

d)

Generalization

21.

This time, Teddy notices the difference between the ankle brace and black socks, therefore, he does not react to it. What is this an example of?

a)

Discrimination

b)

Generalization

c)

Operant Conditioning

d)

The Law of Effect

22.

Timmy is behaving badly. His mother spanks him every time he does this. This is an example of

a)

Negative Punishment

b)

Positive Punishment

c)

Negative Reinforcement

d)

Positive Reinforcement

23.

In order to get Timmy to stop yelling, his mother takes away his toys. This is an example of

a)

Positive Punishment

b)

Negative Reinforcement

c)

Positive Reinforcement

d)

Negative Punishment

24.

The Law of Effect is best credited by which scientist?

a)

B.F. Skinner

b)

Edward Thorndike

c)

Carl Rogers

d)

Sigmund Freud

25.

What is the Law of Effect?

a)

Responses followed by negative stimuli is likely to increase behaviour

b)

Responses followed by a neutral stimulus is likely to remain neutral

c)

The effects stimulated on others are likely to reciprocate, causing a chain of negative or positive interactions.

d)

Responses followed by satisfaction (positive) are likely to increase behaviour and make it more likely to occur again and again.

26.

Timmy has learned his lesson and his mother gives him his toys back. This is an example of

a)

Positive Punishment

b)

Negative Punishment

c)

Positive Reinforcement

d)

Negative Reinforcement

27.

Billy's mom took away his punishment once he proved that he learned his lesson. This is an example of?

a)

Negative Punishment

b)

Positive Punishment

c)

Negative Reinforcement

d)

Positive Reinforcement

28.

Ross and Bandura demonstrated aggression and observational learning through

a)

The Premack Principle

b)

Latent Learning

c)

The Bobo Doll experiment

d)

Instinctive Drift

29.

When we eventually lose our sensitivity to an oft-repeated stimulus. Once this occurs we will have reduced sensitivity to that stimulus, even if the stimulus changes.

a)

sensory adaptation

b)

habituation

c)

aquisition

d)

extinction

30.

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

a)

modeling

b)

shaping

c)

punishment

d)

token economy

31.

Reinforces the first response after a fixed time period.

a)

fixed ration schedule

b)

variable ratio schedule

c)

fixed interval schedule

d)

variable interval schedule

32.

A sudden often novel (new) realization of the solution to a problem

a)

spontaneous recovery

b)

extinction

c)

insight learning

d)

modeling

33.

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. May enable imitation and empathy.

a)

sensory neurons

b)

mirror neurons

c)

interneurons

d)

motor neurons

34.

Showed that in classical conditioning, pairing two stimuli doesn’t always produce the same level of conditioning. Conditioning works better if the conditioned stimulus acts as a reliable signal that predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.

a)

Robert Rescoria

b)

John B. Watson

c)

John Garcia

d)

BF Skinner

35.

Developed the idea of Law of Effect: When a behavior is rewarded it continues and when it is punished it discontinues.

a)

Edward Tolman

b)

John Garcia

c)

Edward Thorndike

d)

John B. Watson

36.

Studied rats in a maze and demonstrated latent learning- rats seemed to develop a cognitive map of the maze which only became apparent when there was an incentive to demonstrate the knowledge.

a)

Edward Thorndike

b)

BF Skinner

c)

Edward Tolman

d)

John B. Watson

37.

Known for his research on taste aversions

a)

Edward Thorndike

b)

John Garcia

c)

John Watson

d)

BF Skinner

38.

Known for his work on observational learning and for the Bobo doll experiment.

a)

Edward Tolman

b)

Albert Bandura

c)

Edward Thorndike

d)

BF Skinner

39.

Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).

a)

associative learning

b)

classical learning

c)

modelling

d)

shaping

40.

The view that psychology should be objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Cognitive Psychology

c)

Biological school

d)

social-cultural

41.

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US), does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.

a)

extinction

b)

discrimination

c)

acquisition

d)

spontaneous recovery

42.

The reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response.

a)

spontaneous recovery

b)

extinction

c)

acquisition

d)

discrimination

43.

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it (ex. cognitive map).

a)

latent learning

b)

classical conditioning

c)

insight learning

d)

observational learning

44.

A technique you can use to learn to control some of your body's functions, such as your heart rate. During this, you're connected to electrical sensors that help you receive information about your body.

a)

biofeedback

b)

classical conditioning

c)

operant conditioning

d)

observational learning

45.

Learning that occurs by watching others. Also called social learning.

a)

observational learning

b)

modelling

c)

shaping

d)

insight learning

46.

Behavioral psychologist who contend the term "operant conditioning".

a)

BF Skinner

b)

Albert Bandura

c)

John B. Watson

d)

John Garcia

47.

Which example best describes problem focused coping?

a)

Exercising after a hard day at work

b)

Writing in a journal to express your feelings

c)

Asking for an extension on homework

d)

Going out with friends after a family argument

48.

A slot machine rewards the player with coins after they try an unpredictable amount of times. This is an example of a..

a)

fixed-interval schedule

b)

variable-interval schedule

c)

fixed-ratio schedule

d)

variable-ratio schedule

49.

The student is very confident in her work and thinks she got a good grade on her presentation. Her perception is of…

a)

learned helplessness

b)

internal locus of control

c)

external locus of control

d)

positive reinforcement

50.

Conducted classical conditioning experiment on Little Albert for him to fear a white rat after pairing with a loud noise.

a)

Albert Bandura

b)

John Watson

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Edward Thorndike

51.

an American psychologist who specializes in the involvement of COGNITIVE processes in classical conditioning focusing on animal learning and behavior.

a)

Martin Seligman

b)

Robert Rescorla

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Edward Tolman

52.

Stella enjoys reading. In English class, students begin receiving gift certificates for each chapter they read. As the class progresses, Stella finds she enjoys reading less. This illustrates

a)

overjustification

b)

habituation

c)

extinction

d)

stimulus generalization

53.
In Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment, a majority of the children used the same violent techniques on the Bobo Doll they had seen the adults perform in the video.  This is an example of: 
a)
cognitive learning. 
b)
innate aggressive desires. 
c)
observational learning. 
d)
learned helplessness.
54.
_______ is the adaptive process through which experience modifies pre-existing behavior and understanding. 
a)
Conditioning
b)
Learning 
c)
Memory
d)
Reinforcement
55.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.”  Parents are using           
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
56.
Carly used to feel nausea when going to McDonalds because she associated the food with illness.  After a few good meals there, she no longer feels the nausea. Which prinicple?
a)
spontaneous recovery
b)
extinction
c)
second-order conditioning
d)
generalization
57.
Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for
a)
the law of effect.
b)
spontaneous recovery. 
c)
observational learning.
d)
extrinsic motivation. 
58.
Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of
a)
respondent behavior. 
b)
spontaneous recovery. 
c)
cognitive processes.
d)
conditioned reinforcers. 
59.
The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of
a)
spontaneous recovery.
b)
 cognitive processes.
c)
associative learning.
d)
discrimination.
60.
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes was called 
a)
psychoanalysis. 
b)
behaviorism. 
c)
cognitive neuroscience.
61.

Small successive steps taken to get an organism to learn a desired behavior is called __.

a)

Shaping

b)

Continuous Reinforcement

c)

Positive Reinforcement

d)

Partial Reinforcement

62.
When shaping a behavior, you would couple a treat with, "good dog" to get your pet to sit.  The "good dog" is considered __.
a)
Negative Reinforcement
b)
Primary Reinforcer
c)
Secondary Reinforcer
63.
The reinforcer, such as food, that gets the organism to continue a behavior is called __.
a)
Positive Reinforcement
b)
Primary Reinforcer
c)
Secondary Reinforcer
d)
Classical Conditioning
64.

The learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that does not signal a CR is called

a)

Classical Conditioning

b)

Stimulus Discrimination

c)

Stimulus Generalization

d)

Extinction

65.

BF Skinner, with his pigeons, studied learning that occurs due to reward and punishment

a)

Classical Conditioning

b)

Operant Conditioning

c)

Learning

d)

Taste Aversion

66.
John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.
a)
discriminative stimulus
b)
conditioned stimulus
c)
unconditioned stimulus
d)
extinguished stimulus
67.
In a classic experiment, "Little Albert," a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of
a)
classical conditioning.
b)
higher order conditioning.
c)
reinforcement.
d)
operant conditioning.
68.
Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of
a)
operant conditioning.
b)
reinforcement
c)
classical conditioning.
d)
vicarious conditioning.