Font size
WorksheetsSodium and Water- Heemer
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 17mins
What is serum osmolality
275-290 mOsm/kg
200-245 mOsm/kg
135-145 mOsm/kg
320-350 mOsm/kg
Osmoreceptors control blood ____________ by regulating _______, and are located in the ___________.
osmolality, water, hypothalamus
osmolality, sodium, carotid arteries and aortic arch
volume and pressure, water, hypothalamus
volume and pressure, sodium, carotid arteries and aortic arch
Baroreceptors control blood ____________ by regulating _______, and are located in the ___________.
osmolality, water, hypothalamus
osmolality, sodium, carotid arteries and aortic arch
volume and pressure, water, hypothalamus
volume and pressure, sodium, carotid arteries and aortic arch
Postural hypotension, diminished skin turgor and postural tachycardia are signs/symptoms of
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Giving 2L of isotonic NaCL by IV will __________osmolality, ________ ICF and ____________ ECF.
not change, not change, increase
increase, increase, decrease
increase, not change, increase
decrease, decrease, increase
Giving 2L of water by IV will __________osmolality, ________ ICF and ____________ ECF.
not change, not change, increase
increase, increase, decrease
increase, not change, increase
decrease, increase, increase
Giving 290 mmoles of NaCl by IV will __________osmolality, ________ ICF and ____________ ECF.
not change, not change, increase
increase, decrease, increase
increase, not change, increase
decrease, increase, increase
When sodium and water loss exceed intake, __________occurs.
hypovolemia
hypernatremia
hypervolemia
hyponatremia
A patient with hypovolemia would be expected to have a BUN/Scr level that is __________.
Normal
Elevated
Low
What ECF deficit normally lead to postural hypotension?
5-10%
10-15%
15-20%
1-5%
When is fluid excess detectable in adults?
ICF increased by 2.5-3L
ECF increased by 4-4.5L
ICF increased by 5-6.5L
ECF increased by 2-3.5L
Patients with Edema should
Increase Na intake
Take a diuretic if necessary
Restrict Na intake
fix the underlying cause
How can loop diuretic resistance be overcome?
decrease the dose
increase the dose
alternate between loop diuretic and thiazide diuretic
combine with thiazide diuretic
Which of the following is contraindicated for a patient with sulfonamide allergy?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Ethacrynic acid
Hyponatremia is generally due to a lack of salt.
True
False
What is the most common type of hyponatremia?
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
When is important to 1st determine the fluid status of a patient with hyponatremia?
Hypotonic Hyponatremia
Isotonic Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Hyponatremia
SIADH is the most common cause of ___________.
Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia
Hypervolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia
Treatment of SIADH with demeclocycline has an immediate onset of action.
True
False
Edema is present in Hypervolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia but the effective arterial blood volume is decreased.
True
False
Tx for Hypervolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia may include
Water restriction
Sodium restriction
Vaptans
correcting underlying cause
A patient with hypernatremia is always
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic
When is ECF volume loss usually detectable in hypernatremia?
SNa>160 mEq/L
SNa>145 mEq/L
SNa<135 mEq/L
SNa<120 mEq/L
Hypovolemic hypernatremia can be treated with
Normal saline
3% sodium chloride
D5W
Diuretics
Hypervolemic hypernatremia can be treated with
Normal saline
3% sodium chloride
free water
loop diuretics
Hypernatremia caused by diabetes insipidus can be treated with
Desmopressin
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indomethacin
Amiloride
In hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia which of the following is true?
sodium loss is greater than water loss
water gain only
water gain is greater than sodium gain
In euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia which of the following is true?
sodium loss is greater than water loss
water gain only
water gain is greater than sodium gain
In hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia which of the following is true?
sodium loss is greater than water loss
water gain only
water gain is greater than sodium gain
