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WorksheetsCRIM 1010: Quiz 1 Practice
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 54mins
Criminologists identify three reasons for studying crime. Which of the following best describes one of these reasons?
By studying crime, we can find its singular cause.
Violent crime is a significant social problem.
Property crime is a significant social problem.
Understanding crime may help us reduce it.
According to the textbook, which of the following is a central focus of criminology?
Municipal bylaws
The definition of crime
Class action suits
Civil law
The media impacts public perceptions and the occurrence of crime in multiple ways. Which of the following do criminologists consider potential consequences of crime reporting?
An increased fear of violent crime
The perception that crime rates are generally declining
An increased fear of victimization by family members
A heightened awareness of environmental crimes
What do criminologists refer to as “established rules of behaviour or standards of conduct”?
Values
Laws
Norms
Sanctions
Which of the following best characterizes the legal definition of crime?
A societal consensus about what constitutes a harm
An act that violates the commonly accepted norms and values of a society
An act that violates criminal law and is punishable with jail, a fine, or other sanction
An act that is considered taboo by society
Which of the following best defines the consensus theory of criminal laws?
An agreement among lawmakers as to what constitutes a crime
An agreement among police as to what constitutes a crime
An agreement of most of the people in society that certain acts should be prohibited by the criminal law
An agreement as to which new types of crimes (e.g., animal cruelty, terrorism) should be analyzed through the discipline of criminology
Which of the following do conflict theorists believe?
Criminology should study not just actions that violate the criminal law but also actions that are socially harmful.
Law is simply a codification of the values shared by most members of a society.
The ruling class passes laws to maintain their privileged position by keeping the lower class under control.
Actions that violate the basic right of people to obtain the necessities of life and to be treated with dignity should be considered crimes.
Which of the following is true about how criminologists examine crime and deviance?
Criminologists limit their work to the strict legal definition of crime.
Criminologists aim to understand violations of criminal law as well as behaviours that are perceived as or treated as crimes by society.
Criminologists generally focus on the most serious violations of criminal law where there is broad consensus that the behaviour is wrong.
Criminologists generally focus on the crimes that generate the most severe response from society.
According to the textbook, which of the following played a significant role in the formation of dispute resolution systems in small-scale societies?
An agricultural mode of production
A cooperative economy
A gendered division of labour
A subsistence-based society with no surplus
Which of the following best describes why there was such a strong need for self-restraint in small-scale societies?
To prevent the breakdown of community ties and social order.
Members needed to share the goods they accumulated.
Self-restraint was reinforced by the strong political authorities in these societies.
When individuals did not restrain their behaviours in such societies, they could be put to death.
Which of the following is a key feature of a self- or kin-based method of redress?
A strong government
Quasi-legal tribunals
Harsh punishments
A lack of centralized authority
What was the primary objective of dispute settlement in small-scale societies?
To restore harmonious relations between the parties in conflict
To ensure an equitable distribution of resources
To maintain collective solidarity
To punish those who engaged in theft and asymmetrical gift exchange
Which of the following best describes the conditions that led to the emergence of codified law?
The need to restore order due to the growth of vigilante justice
The diffusion of social power
The kin-based method of dispute resolution lost its legitimacy
The creation of private property
With the emergence of a centralized state under the Norman kings in England, which of the following characterized dispute settlement?
Disputes were seen as violations against the victim.
The Crown was the injured party in a dispute.
Compensation was paid to the victims of crime.
Individuals needed to pursue the prosecution of every crime.
As far as dispute settlement is concerned, which of the following was an important consequence of the rise of the merchant class and the coalition between merchants and monarchs?
The transnational corporation was born, undermining existing national contract laws.
The growth of commerce, money, and banking resulted in transactions governed by law instead of custom.
Merchants resisted new laws because they obstructed their business operations.
The Crown enacted laws to keep merchants powerless and subservient to them.
Which of the following best describes how the state maintains legitimacy in contemporary societies?
The state promotes the economic interests of the ruling class.
The state maintains the protection of private property for all citizens.
The state ensures the involvement of interest groups in the formation of law.
The state promotes the interests of the majority as well as a powerful minority.
According to the textbook, which of the following best describes the main objective of restorative justice approaches to dispute resolution?
To transform the negative ties between the offender and victims into positive ones
To encourage offenders to offer reparations to the victims of their crimes
To ensure that the punishment fits the crime
To emphasize that crimes are crimes against the victim not the state
Which of the following is the main source of criminal law in Canada?
The Criminal Code
The Youth Criminal Justice Act
The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
In which of the following areas does the Canadian federal government have the exclusive jurisdiction to enact legislation?
Health
Hunting and fishing
Controlled drugs and substances
Education
The term “criminal procedure” includes all of the following except one. Which is the exception?
Defining the nature and scope of the power of criminal justice officials
Specifying the available options in the prosecution of a criminal case
Provisions specifying the manner in which different categories of offences may be tried within the criminal court system
Guidelines as to how, and under what conditions, Parliament and the provincial governments can agree on what constitutes a new crime
The Criminal Code specifies various types of assault based on the level of harm (simple assault, aggravated assault, assault causing bodily harm, etc.). Which of the following terms best describes this broad category of offence?
Felony.
Summary.
Hybrid.
Capital.
Which of the following does not distinguish criminal law from a regulatory legislation?
Regulatory offences do not constitute harms against society while criminal offences do.
One addresses “true crimes” while the other addresses less serious offences.
The provincial governments can enact regulatory laws but not criminal laws.
Criminal laws can proscribe penalties while regulatory laws cannot.
To which of the following does “common law” refer?
The Criminal Code of Canada
Laws that apply only to non-government officials
Judge-made law that evolved in areas not covered by legislation
Laws passed in Britain that still apply in post-colonial Canada
According to the Supreme Court of Canada in the Mabior (2012) case, a criminal conviction requires that the Crown prove mens rea on the part of the defendant. In the context of criminal law, what does this Latin term refer to?
A culpable criminal act
A guilty mind
A conspiracy
A true crime
To satisfy the legal principle of actus reus, the prosecutor must prove which of the following beyond a reasonable doubt?
That the accused was aware of the consequences of the act in question
That a victim did not consent to the criminal act
That the accused was the sole perpetrator of the crime
That the accused caused the particular act in question
Which of the following best describes culpability within the context of objective mens rea?
An accused person should be convicted even if he did not intend for the harmful act to occur.
An accused person should be convicted only if he deliberately chose to do something wrong.
An accused person should be convicted based on the fact that reasonable people in the same situation would have acted differently.
An accused person should be convicted only if he engaged in an act voluntarily.
Which of the following is required for a defendant to successfully claim necessity as a defence?
The accused lacked an understanding of the consequences due to anxiety.
The accused engaged in the act to avoid a threat to life or limb.
The accused had an honest but mistaken belief that the conduct was required.
The accused believed their power of choice to be overborne by another individual.
