Worksheets1203 Worksheet 1
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 34mins
Which division of the Nervous system connects the brain to the internal organs, and thus controls autonomic responses?
Autonomic nervous system
Cranial nerves
Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Based on the law of Bell and Magendie, if a patient comes to you saying they cannot feel sensation in their arms, what part of the spinal cord is likely affected and which nerves?
Dorsal spinal cord, efferent nerves
ventral spinal cord, efferent nerves
ventral spinal cord, afferent nerves
dorsal spinal cord, afferent nerves
Which of the meninges is moderately soft and clings to the brain surface?
Dura mater
Arachnoid layer
Pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Which meningeal layers are most likely to be affected by meningitis (bacterial infection)?
Dura mater and pia mater
Dura mater and arachnoid layer
Arachnoid layer and pia mater
All 3 layers will be affected equally
Which lobe is NOT involved in visual processing?
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
All lobes are involved in vision
___ is responsible for initiating motor movements, with the ____ required for the coordination of these movements.
Cerebrum, cerebellum
Substantia nigra, cerebrum
Substantia nigra, cerebellum
Brain stem, hippocampus
Which cells are responsible for producing CSF?
Blood plasma cells
Neurons
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
White matter is white because it contains?
Myelinated axons
Cell bodies and capillary blood vessels
NaCl and other salts
It is purely genetic and arbitrary
Which of these regions will be found in the limbic system?
Hippocampus, amygdala and limbic cortex
Caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
Red nuclei, periaqueductal grey matter, limbic cortex
Reticular formation, pons, medulla, cerebellum
Which of the following substances are incorrectly matched with their location in the cell?
Chloride Ions - Inside the cell
Sodium Ions - inside the cell
Large negative proteins - Inside the cell
Potassium ions - inside the cell
Stellate cells are ______ and consist of ______.
Interneurons; Extremely branched dendritic processes
Sensory neurons; a long axon with multiple sets of dendrites
Interneurons; many small extending dendrites
Motor Neurons; Extremely branched dendritic processes
Which of the following statements matching glial cell type to their function are incorrect?
Oligodendroglia - insulate axons of the PNS
Astrocyte - provides structural support ,and regulates the BBB
Microglia - transmit sensory information
A and C are both incorrect
A temporal summation occurs when ______ happen close together in ______ and are summed.
EPSPs and IPSPs; space and time
EPSPs only; time
EPSPs and IPSPs; time
EPSP and IPSPs; space
Which of the following statements list the correct order of steps regarding electrical and chemical communication (Note: some steps may be skipped)?
Depolarization; Action Potential; Receptor Action; Neurotransmitter Release
Hyperpolarization; Neurotransmitter Release; Receptor Action, Depolarization
Depolarization; Action Potential; Neurotransmitter Release; Receptor Action
Hyperpolarization; Action Potential, Neurotransmitter Release, Neurotransmitter Inactivation
What factors dictate the path of cell differentiation and ultimate ‘fate’ of a cell?
Genetic instructions
Signals/cues from nearby cell types
Timing
All of the above
Growth cones are ________ to cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) and ________ to tropic molecules. They project ____________ to their target, and once reached others will follow.
Responsive; Non-Responsive; Filopods
Responsive; Non-Responsive; Cilia
Responsive; Responsive; Filopods
Responsive; Non-Responsive; Axons
Neural Stem Cells:
Are the intermediate cell type between progenitor cells and neuroblasts/glioblasts
Line the ventricles to form the sub-ventricular zone in adults
Line the neural plate during embryonic development
Possess a limited capacity for self-renewal
What signals/instructions are at work in the fetal brain to ensure stem cells become mature neurons/glia?
Prolactin helps to replace lost neurons in animal models
Epigenetic factors like DNA methylation/histone acetylation are capable of enhancing or silencing expression within cells
Transcription of the correct genes dictating stem cell fate
All of the above
Which of the following substances listed are neurotrophic factors?
Epidermal Derived Neurotrophic Factor (EDNF)
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF)
B and C are correct
Females (and not males) might show premutation Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) phenotypes because:
FXS fully follows normal X linked dominance
FXS is recessive, and males have 1 X chromosome
Variability in x inactivation
FXS is recessive, and females have 2 X chromosomes
In males, severity of FXS phenotype is correlated with?
Activation ratio
Amplification of CGG sites
Number of tissues with mutated fmr1
Age at onset
Which combinations of genetic changes could lead to FXS?
>3 copies of FMR1 gene
Loss of function mutation, and methylation of FMR1 gene
FMR1 gene deletion due to methylation of FMR1
Loss of function mutation only
FMRP is highly abundant in _____ and is involved in_______
Brain only: cognitive function, learning and memory
Testicles: reproductive functions, and methylation
Brain and testes: transport of mrna from nucleus to synapse
Brain and spinal cord: neurogenesis and DNA protection
Greater caudate nucleus volume is linked to:
Macrocephaly
Methylation patterns on FMR1
Intelligence quotient scores
All of the above
A zygote (sperm plus egg) that has trisomy 21 will have how many chromosomes?
45
46
47
48
Which overexpressed proteins are common to both dementia (Alzheimers) and Down Syndrome?
Beta amyloid
FMRP
Superoxide dismutase
A and C
Which function is the amyloid precursor protein not involved in:
Synaptic plasticity
Memory formation
Iron transportation, and activation of kinases
Mrna suppression and transport
Amyloid plaques are made up of _____, located in the _______ of ________.
SOD, intracellular space, brain only
Beta amyloid, intracellular space, brain and periphery
Beta amyloid, extracellular space, brain and spinal cord
Beta amyloid, extracellular space, brain and periphery
Hyperactivity of Superoxide dismutase produces more______, which reacts with _____, to form ______
Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), ferrous iron (Fe2+), Hydroxyl radical (OH)
Hydroxyl radical (OH), Zinc (Zn2+) ions, Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Ferrous iron (Fe3+), hydroxyl radical (OH)
Hydroxyl radical (OH), Iron (Fe) ions, Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),
List the Divisions and subdivisions of the midbrain, and where possible, the function of these regions.
List the seven major neurodevelopmental stages, providing an overview of each.
List some of the physical features of FXS.
Explain some methods of DS diagnosis
Give examples of some management techniques for DS.
