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WorksheetsUnit 4 Vocab
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 20mins
Define the following: Gamete
A diploid cell that is used in fertilization and reproduction
A diploid body cell that reproduces via mitosis
A haploid cell that is used in fertilization and reproduction
A diploid body cell that reproduces via mitosis
Define the following: Homologous Chromosomes
Matching chromosomes from mom and dad
Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes
Chromosomes that have been mutated or damaged
Chromosomes that have not been copied yet
Define the following: Diploid
Cells with 1 set of DNA
Cells with 2 sets of DNA
Cells with specialized functions
Single-celled organisms
Define the following: Haploid
Cells with 1 set of DNA
Cells with 2 sets of DNA
Cells with specialized functions
Multi-celled organisms
Define the following: Cross
When a virus or illness passes from one organism to another
When cells exchange genetic information
A mating of 2 organisms
When 2 different species produce an offspring
Define the following: Gene
A folded/condensed unit of DNA
sections of DNA that provide instructions for making protein
DNA monomer made of a phosphate, nitrogen base, and deoxyribose
A 2 nucleotide sequence that codes for a certain amino acid
Define the following: Genotype
the actual alleles inherited
the physical presentation of alleles
A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
A protein that is produced via transcription and translation
Define the following: Phenotype
the allele inherited from your mother
the actual alleles inherited
the physical characteristics or traits of an organism
the allele inherited from your father
Define the following: Allele
When 2 traits assort independently
The process of crossing 2 organisms to produce offspring
The physical trait that is expressed based on an organism's genetics
A version of a gene
Define the following: Homozygous
Chromosomes that pair: 1 from mom, 1 from dad
An individual inheriting 2 copies of the same allele
An individual inheriting 2 different alleles
Chromosomes that are joined at the centromere
Define the following: Heterozugous
Chromosomes that pair: 1 from mom, 1 from dad
An individual inheriting 2 copies of the same allele
An individual inheriting 2 different alleles
Chromosomes that are joined at the centromere
Define the following: Dominant
Overshadows the other allele in the heterozygous state
An offspring that is more fit to survive than others
An allele that is only expressed in homozygous individuals
An offspring that inherits traits directly from parents
Define the following: Recessive
An allele that will cause it's trait to always be expressed
An offspring that is less fit to survive than others
An allele that is only expressed when a dominant allele is not present
An offspring that inherits traits its parents didn't have
Define the following: Punnett square
A diagram that shows the path information takes from DNA to protein
A diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes
A diagram to track energy flow from parent to offspring
A diagram to keep track of all of the genes expressed by an offspring
Define the following: Dihybrid cross
Finding probabilities of inheritance based on one gene
Finding probabilities of inheritance based on 2 genes
Crossing one species at a time
Crossing 2 species at a time
Define the following: Law of Dominance
Mendel's Law saying the a dominant allele will be expressed over a recessive allele
Mendel's Law saying that the most powerful offspring will survive
Mendel's Law saying that only the best traits will show up in offspring
Mendel's Law saying that only significant alleles will be passed on
Define the following: Law of Segregation
Mendel's Law saying that offspring with different traits will stay apart
Mendel's Law saying that gametes will only have one chromosome from each homologous pair
Mendel's Law saying that cells will split apart when they have all the genes they need
Mendel's Law saying that offspring will only inherit traits their parents express
Define the following: Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel's Law saying that offspring will form hierarchies based on strength
Mendel's Law saying that phenotypes are independent from genotypes
Mendel's Law saying that the inheritance of one trait will not effect the inheritance of other traits
Mendel's Law saying that parents don't decide which traits are passed onto offspring
Define the following: Autosome
Chromosomes 45-46 in a human, has an effect on their gender
Chromosomes 1-44 in a human, does not effect their gender
A disease that caused a human's immune system to attack their own body
A section of a chromosome that controls the autopilot function of a cell
Define the following: Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes 45-46 in a human, has an effect on their gender
Chromosomes 1-44 in a human, does not effect their gender
A disease that caused a human's immune system to attack their own body
A section of a chromosome that controls the autopilot function of a cell
Define the following: Chromosome
The pinched region that separates genetic material into a short arm and a long arm
The repeating DNA that protect the genetic information from damage
Condensed genetic material
A cylindrical organelle that developments spindle fibers for cell division
Define the following: Codominance
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where the two alleles are blended together
When several genes influence a trait
More than 2 versions of a gene (more than just a "dominant" and a "recessive")
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Define the following: Incomplete Dominance
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where the two alleles are blended together
When several genes influence a trait
More than 2 versions of a gene (more than just a "dominant" and a "recessive")
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Define the following: Polygenic Inheritance
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where the two alleles are blended together
When several genes influence a trait
More than 2 versions of a gene (more than just a "dominant" and a "recessive")
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Define the following: Multiple Alleles
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where the two alleles are blended together
When several genes influence a trait
More than 2 versions of a gene (more than just a "dominant" and a "recessive")
When the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype where both alleles are fully and separately expressed
Define the following: Sex-Linked
Genes that are likely inherited together due to the physical proximity
When several genes influence a trait
When one gene overshadows the other
Genes that travel on the X chromosome and are not on the Y chromosome
Define the following: Linked Genes
Genes that are likely inherited together due to the physical proximity
When several genes influence a trait
Genes that are always inherited together
Genes that travel on the X chromosome and are not on the Y chromosome
Define the following: Epistasis
When genes stop expressing their traits
When several genes influence a trait
When both genes blend together to make a new phenotype
When one gene overshadows another
Define the following: Karyotype
A diagram that shows the amino acids that make up a stand of DNA
A diagram that shows homologous pairs of chromosomes
A diagram that shows the probability of potential offspring
A diagram showing the process of meiosis
Define the following: Carrier
A person that has the gene for a trait or disease but doesn't show it
The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism to produce offspring with desired trait
A person with homozygous gene that does not have a trait or disease
Define the following: Mutagen
An alteration in the nucleotide sequence
Chemicals or physical effects that can cause DNA mutations
A normal cellular process that mutes your genes
An alteration to your gene that causes it to work more efficiently
Define the following: Mutation
Any change in an organism's physical appearance
Any change in an organism's ability to maintain homeostasis
Any change in DNA (the order of nucleotide bases/letters)
Any change in the the climate outside
Define the following: Gene Mutation
This happen during DNA replication; A change to the original DNA sequence
This happens during meiosis; Changes the number or location of genes
Define the following: Chromosome Mutation
This happen during DNA replication; A change to the original DNA sequence
This happens during meiosis; Changes the number or location of genes
Define the following: Point Mutation
The insertion of a nucleotide
ATTACC -> ACTTACC
The substitution of one nucleotide for another
ATTACC -> AATACC
The deletion of a nucleotide
ATTACC -> ATACC
Define the following: Frameshift Mutation (select all that apply)
The insertion of a nucleotide
ATTACC -> ACTTACC
The substitution of one nucleotide for another
ATTACC -> AATACC
The deletion of a nucleotide
ATTACC -> ATACC
Define the following: Duplication
Changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of a single gene
Pieces of non-homolgous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)
Chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than 2 per cell
Define the following: Nondisjunction
Changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of a single gene
Pieces of non-homolgous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)
Chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than 2 per cell
Define the following: Translocation
Changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of a single gene
Pieces of non-homolgous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)
Chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than 2 per cell
