having two of the same alleles for the trait (sometimes called purebred).

having two different alleles for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).

L = long tusks; l = short tusks

A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?

A black-furred ewok has 12 babies with a black-furred ewok. 9 ewok babies have black fur, while 3 ewok babies have brown fur. What are the probable genotypes of the parents?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R X ^r ?

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). In a cross between a pure red eyed female and a white eyed male, what would the genotypes of the parents be?

In humans, colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. B = normal vision; b = colorblind.

Look at this cross: X^BX^b x X^BY

What proportion of the male children are colorblind?

H= normal blood clotting

h=hemophilia

X^HX^h x X^HY

What is the probability that any of their offspring will have hemophilia?

In a pedigree, which shape represents a male?

On a pedigree, this symbol represents a ----

If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual 4 be?

The pedigree is showing a _____________ trait.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT