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Protein Synthesis and Mutation Review

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
2.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
3.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
4.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

5.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

6.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

7.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
8.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
9.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

a)

AUGCAAUGA

b)

ATGCAATGA

c)

AUGGATUGA

d)

TACGTTACT

10.
Which of the following best describes how DNA and RNA are similar?
a)
they both contain A and T
b)
They both have a double helix
c)
They are both composed of 5 different nucleotides
d)
they both have C and G
11.
The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. how many amino acids are coded for by this message?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
12.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
13.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
14.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
15.
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGGCAAGTACGT
a)
ACCGTTCATGCA
b)
UGGCAAGUACGU
c)
UCCGUUCUUGCU
d)
ACCGUUCAUGCA
16.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
17.

What does tRNA stand for?

a)

transition RNA

b)

transcription RNA

c)

transfer RNA

d)

translation RNA

18.

The main function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to

a)

carry a message that when translated,  forms proteins

b)

form a portion of ribosomes,  a cell's protein factories

c)

bring / transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

d)

string together complementary RNA and DNA strands

19.

mRNA is read into amino acids during what process?

a)

transcription

b)

transfer

c)

translation

d)

transition

20.
Translation takes place in the 
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
21.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
22.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
23.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
24.
How many bases are in one codon?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
25.
Using the codon identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA
a)
MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP
b)
MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP
c)
MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP
d)
MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP
26.
What structure in a cell is the site for making proteins?
a)
ribosomes
b)
mitochondria
c)
lysosome
d)
Golgi body
27.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
28.
Process in which amino acids are assembled into proteins at the ribosome?
a)
Translation
b)
Transcription
c)
Meiosis
d)
Replication
29.
Where in the cell does translation take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
DNA
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Ribosome
30.

Which of the following is known as the START codon?

a)

UAG

b)

AUG

c)

UGA

d)

UAA

31.

In DNA _______ matches with Adenine

a)

Uracil

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Thymine

32.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

GAU

a)

GLU

b)

SER

c)

ASP

d)

ILE

33.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

CAC

a)

STOP

b)

HIS

c)

LYS

d)

ARG

34.
if a single nucleotide base is added or deleted the entire reading frame will?
a)
shift, causing a frameshift mutation
b)
move, causing a delection
c)
move, causing an addition
d)
shift, causing a deletion
35.
Why are framshift mutations harmful?
a)
They cause chromosomes to break
b)
Every amino acid following the mutation will be different
c)
They cause the DNA to relocated
d)
They burn out your clutch
36.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
37.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
38.

In this type of point mutation, one nitrogen base is exchanged for another, different base

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

39.

In this type of point mutation, one extra base pair is inserted into a sequence of DNA

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

40.

In this type of point mutation, one base pair is lost

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

41.

The bottom DNA sequence in the image has been altered by this type of mutation

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

42.

The bottom DNA sequence in the image has been altered by this type of mutation

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

43.

This type of mutation is possible because certain codons may code for the same amino acid

a)

silent

b)

missense

c)

nonsense

d)

6th sense

44.

DOES THE DNA MUTATION ALWAYS ALTER THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE?

a)

Yes

b)

No

45.

Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 3' GCT 5" will affect the protein produced?

a)

GTT

b)

TCT

c)

TCC

d)

GCA

46.

Which product are represented in Diagram 1?

a)

Process: transcription; product: mRNA

b)

Process: translation; product: protein

c)

Process: replication; product: new DNA

d)

Process: recombination; product: polymerase

47.

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2?

a)

Process: transcription; product: mRNA

b)

Process: translation; product: protein

c)

Process: replication; product: new DNA

d)

Process: recombination; product: polymerase

48.

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease affects people under the age of 65. Less than five percent of people who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have this type. Many cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease are inherited, a type known as familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD).

Which statement is best supported by this information?

a)

FAD is the result of a genetic change in one or more chromosomes.

b)

Natural selection will continue to reduce the incidence of FAD

c)

FAD affects only the genes of middle-aged people.

d)

Deletion of one amino acid causes FAD.

49.
What do hurtful mutations do? 
a)
Decrease chances of survival 
b)
Increases changes of survival 
c)
Decreases likelihood of developing cancer
d)
Increases likelihood of developing cancer
50.
Which of the following is an example of a hurtful mutation? 
a)
Developing cancer
b)
Makes the organism faster
c)
Makes the organism a predator 
d)
Develops sharp claws
51.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
52.

What does X represent in the diagram?

a)

X is replication

b)

X is translation

c)

X is transcription

d)

X is meiosis

53.

What does Y represent in the diagram?

a)

Y is a gene

b)

Y is mRNA

c)

Y is transcription

d)

Y is a chromosome

54.

What does Z represent in the diagram?

a)

Z is a mutation

b)

Z is a mitosis

c)

Z is translation

d)

Z is a transport

55.

What process might occur before X in the diagram?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Translation

56.

What will most likely be the effect of a mutation change in a DNA molecule?

a)

The organism will be unable to reproduce.

b)

The change will cause a harmful mutation.

c)

The DNA molecule will be unable to replicate.

d)

The DNA molecule will code for a different protein.

57.

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis.

Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

a)

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

b)

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

c)

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

d)

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

58.
a)

A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.

b)

A substitution occurs with the adenine base.

c)

A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.

d)

A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.

59.

How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?

a)

DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism

b)

DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism.

c)

DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow.

d)

DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism

60.

A mutation is least likely to affect a cell when the mutation-

a)

reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand.

b)

allow the total number of bases in a DNA sequence to remain the same.

c)

produces a triplet that codes for the same amino acid as the original triplet.

d)

replaces a base with its complementary base.

61.

What is A?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Sugar Group

c)

Nitrogen Base Pairs

d)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

62.

What is B?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Sugar Group

c)

Nitrogen Base Pairs

d)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

63.

What is C?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Sugar Group

c)

Nitrogen Base Pairs

d)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

64.

What is D?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Sugar Group

c)

Nitrogen Base Pairs

d)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

65.

A model of DNA is shown.

Which single part of the DNA model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Sugar Group

c)

Nitrogen Base Pairs

d)

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone?

66.

Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X ?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Phosphate Group

c)

Hydrogen Bonds

d)

Deoxyribose Sugar

67.

Which sample was most likely DNA?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

68.

Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix.

What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

a)

The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.

b)

The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.

c)

The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.

d)

The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.

69.

Which property is shared by the cells of all living things?

a)

The cells contain DNA composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

b)

The cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and a cell wall made of cellulose. 

c)

The cells have chromosomes that are located inside a membrane-bound nucleus. 

d)

The cells rely on mitochondria to carry out aerobic cellular respiration. 

70.

Which two components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

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