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Worksheets

Cladograms

Total questions: 44

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

2.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

3.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs

4.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
5.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
6.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog
7.
On the cladogram, which feature do all organisms inherit?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
8.

Using the cladogram, which two organisms are more closely related Lizards and Newts OR Lamreys and Sharks

a)

Newts and Lizards

b)

Lampreys and Sharks

9.

Using the cladogram, which two organisms are more closely related Newts and Lizards OR Lynx and Chimpanzee

a)

Newts and Lizards

b)

Lynx and Chimpanzee

10.

Using the cladogram, which characteristics do Chimpanzee and Lynx have in common (check all the boxes that apply).

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Amniotic Membrane

d)

Hair

e)

No tail

11.

Using the cladogram, which characteristics do Sharks and Humans have in common (check all the boxes that apply).

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Amniotic Membrane

d)

Hair

e)

No tail

12.

Using the cladogram, which characteristics do Lynx and Lizards have in common (check all the boxes that apply).

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Amniotic Membrane

d)

Hair

e)

No tail

13.

Which organisms from this cladogram are more closely related Perch and Lizard OR Salamander and Pigeon?

a)

Perch and Lizard

b)

Salamander and Pigeon

14.

Which organisms from this cladogram are more closely related lizard and salamander OR Lizard and Mouse?

a)

Lizard and Salamander

b)

Lizard and Mouse

15.

According to the cladogram in this figure, which characteristics are common characteristics between Birds and Lizards? (Check all boxes that apply)

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Claws and Nails

d)

Feathers

e)

Fur, Mammary Glands

16.

According to the cladogram in this figure, which characteristics are common characteristics between Mouse and Salamander? (Check all boxes that apply)

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Claws and Nails

d)

Feathers

e)

Fur, Mammary Glands

17.

What characteristic distinguishes amphibians from birds and reptiles?

a)

Amniotic egg

b)

Egg shells

c)

Vertebrae

d)

Hair/fur

18.
Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their____________ characteristics.
a)
shared
b)
different
c)
varied
d)
opposite
19.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
rat
c)
perch
d)
frog
20.

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

21.

Of the following anatomical structures, which are homologous to the wing of a bat?

a)

the tail of a kangaroo

b)

the flipper of a whale

c)

the wing of a butterfly

d)

the arm of a human

22.

Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown.


Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?

a)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food.

b)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment.

c)

Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.

d)

Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many legs the adult organisms will have.

23.

Whales have pelvic (hip) bones, even though they don't have legs. These are called vestigial structures - bones or other structures that aren't useful but are still there. What do whales' pelvic bones suggest?

a)

That whales are related to sharks

b)

That one whale was born without legs and now no whales have legs

c)

That whales have an ancestor that had legs

d)

That pelvic bones have no purpose in any animal

24.

What can be used as evidence for evolution? (select all that apply).

a)

Any common function of structures between species (i.e. birds and insects both have wings)

b)

Body parts of different species that are similar in structure and location.

c)

Similarities of embryos from different species.

d)

Fossil records showing structures and locations of species.

e)

Structures in modern species that are unused and unnecessary, but were used by past species.

25.

Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of a placenta.

a)

bullfrog

b)

chimpanzee

c)

kangaroo

d)

shark

26.

Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of a vertebrae.

a)

bullfrog

b)

chimpanzee

c)

kangaroo

d)

shark

27.

Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of mammary glands.

a)

bullfrog

b)

chimpanzee

c)

kangaroo

d)

shark

28.

Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of two pairs of limbs.

a)

bullfrog

b)

chimpanzee

c)

kangaroo

d)

shark

29.

Ostriches have wings, but do not fly. Humans have an appendix with no apparent function. Whales contain bones for rear legs. Each of these are examples of...

a)

homologous structures

b)

vestigial structures

c)

analogous structures

d)

natural selection

30.

Researchers discovered that the legs of birds are homologous to the feet of reptiles. Which claim is BEST supported by this fact?

a)

Birds do not require legs

b)

Birds and reptiles have a common ancestor

c)

They randomly developed the same structures

d)

Selection pressures have acted on birds, but not on reptiles

31.

'Homologous structures' refers to:

a)

body parts of two different species that have similar structure and location in each species.

b)

body parts that have the same function, but very different structures.

c)

structures that sound the same.

d)

two organisms that have about the same sized parts of their structure.

32.

What type of evidence of evolution is pictured?

a)

vestigial structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

embryology

d)

DNA studies

33.
Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.
a)
True
b)
False
34.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
35.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
36.
Analogous structures show common ancestry.
a)
True
b)
False
37.

Evolved from the same ancestor, but have different functions

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

All of the above

38.

Penguin flipper and fish fin

a)

Homologous

b)

Vestigial

c)

Analogous

d)

None of the above

39.

Which of the following are vestigial structures humans have? Select all that apply.

a)

Appendix

b)

Tailbone

c)

Forearm bones

d)

Goosebumps

40.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

41.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
opposable thumbs
42.
Where is the T.rex and frog's common ancestor?
a)
Point A
b)
Point B
c)
Point C
d)
Point D
43.
The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.
a)
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
b)
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
c)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
44.
Which organisms pictured on the cladogram have hair?
a)
prosimians only
b)
prosimians and humans
c)
humans only
d)
prosimians and birds