Values on the pH scale that are greater than 7 are considered ____, while values that are lower than 7 are considered ____.

In an alkaline solution H+ concentration is lower than in an acidic solution.

Gastric acid of the stomach is neutralized by bicarbonate which is secreted from which of the following?

Patients with severe vomiting may present in which of the following states?

Patients with severe diarrhea may present in which of the following states?

The body is constantly producing acids as a result of protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.

Acid base balance in the body is maintained by alterations of which of the following ions?

Volatile acids are contained in the lungs and excreted from the body as which of the following

Non-volatile acids contained in the kidney and reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

Metabolic strong acids that result from incomplete metabolism include which of the following?

The kidneys are able to modulate pH levels in the blood more quickly than the lungs.

The enzyme contained in RBCs which allows for disassociation of carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O is?

The compensatory organ in the case of metabolic acidosis is?

The compensatory organ in the case of respiratory acidosis is?

The first value to consider during evaluation of an ABG is?

Causes of respiratory acidosis include all of the following except?

An acid/base disorder is considered fully compensated when which of the following values falls within normal limits?

Calculation of an anion gap is useful in evaluation of which of the following acid/base disorders?

A large anion gap >16 mEq/L is suggestive of what acid/base disorder? Normal 3-16 mEq/L

Patients on all of the following medications have a risk of developing high anion gap acidosis except? Remember: CAT MUDPILES

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.28 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 18 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 8 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.48 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 38 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 27 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.25 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 47 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 20 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.38 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 17 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 10 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.26 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 50 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 33 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Calculate the anion gap based off the following values.

Na⁺ 140 mEq/L

Cl^- 99 mEq/L

HCO3^- 29 mEq/L

Evaluate the following ABG and determine the primary problem and level of compensation.

pH: 7.39 (7.35-7.45)

PaCO2: 44 mmHg (35-45 mmHg)

[HCO3^-]: 26 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)