WorksheetsEthics in research
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 33mins
Respect of person is characterize by?
No harm needs to be done to the participants
The participants need to consent to every part of the research
Participants need to have equal chance of benefitting from the result
All of the above
Empiricism refers to what?
Knowledge acquired by observation and experience
Knowledge is acquired by logic
Knowledge that is constantly evolving following the scientific method
Part of the scientific methos
True or False.
Using the scientific method can prove something
True
False
Why is the scientific method never proving anything?
Because it is based on evidence and there is always much more to learn
The scientific method is circular method that is never ending loop of seeking knowledge
The scientific method is based on empirical knowledge and there is always much more to learn
The scientific method has no evidence and thus carries no proof
Belmont Report is comprised of what core principles?
No harm to none, justice for animal participants, researchers are to be fined for plagiarism
Respect of person, beneficent, Justice
Deception is allowed to a certain extent, no harm
Beneficent, Justice, Fines for plagiarism
***What are not the fundamental assumptions behind scientific method?
The world is orderly and is governed by nature
There is no link between cause and effect
Scientific method allows to uncover the laws of nature
Is based on empiricism
Which of the following is the goal of research?
Observe
Describe
Predict
Explain
All of the above
Which of the following are a type of research?
clinical
Applied
Basic
Ethical
Which of the following is the definition of applied research?
Solve a problem
Understand a problem
Observe participants in their natural environment
Research past studies and find the links between them
Which of he following is the definition of basic research?
Solve a problem
Research past studies and find the links between them
Understand a problem
Observe participants in their natural environment
True or False.
Inductive reasoning is found in the 1st step of the research method.
True
False
Describe the ethical principles of research
Which of the following is a ethical principle of research?
No harm
Informed consent
Deception
Anonymity, confidentiality
What type(s) of deceptions are present in ethical research?
Passive
Active
Neutral
Positive
Passive deception is __________.
Leaving out information
Altering information
Inform participants that they may or may not be part of the placebo group
Giving false information
True or false.
Placebo groups need to always be told they are part of the placebo group.
True
False
True or false.
Placebo groups need to be informed that they may or may not be part of the placebo group
True
False
To counter deception we must.
Inform participants prior to the beginning of the experiment
Wait until the end of the study to inform participants
Immediately debrief participants after each aspect
Provide resources for the well-being of participants
Which of the following is an example of active deception?
Not having voluntary participants
Not giving them the right to withdraw
Telling the participants just a few of the what research intel
Giving false feedback
For children in an experiment there needs to be __________. In the form of what?
Deception
Informed consent
Assent, consent
Consent
Informed consent intel what?
Participants must know what will be done to them and why
Participants must be voluntary
Right to withdraw at anytime
Participants must not be coerced
Given resources after the research ended
what other ethical principle is applied the no harm ethical principle?
Anonymity
Informed consent
Nothing
Deception
Risks in research need to be ______,_______,__________.
(a)
The no harm ethical principle in research intel what?
Theory: Through _______ we arrive at an explanation about _______ and _______.
True or false.
Inductive reasoning does not come from observation.
True
False
Theory is a statement or series of statement that do what?
Organize
Indict
Predict
Explain
In a theory what does a statement or series of statement do?
For research that relies exclusively on publicly available information what is required?
(a)
For research that relies exclusively on publicly available information what is required?
Legally accessible to the public
Appropriately protected by the law
Accessible to the public
Reasonable expectations of privacy
Justice
True or False.
Consent is not required for public observations where there is reasonable expectation of privacy.
True
False
Describe public observation.
What are the issues with consent and the internet?
Expectations of privacy
Persistence and traceability of quotes
Voyeurism
All of the above
Why is animal research conducted?
The three R's in animal research stands for?
Replace
Refine
Reduce
Review
Reflect
How is the anonymity of individuals ensured in research using the internet?
Using quotes
Using paraphrasing and composite
Search paraphrase on research engines
Keeping online community and website anonymous
True or false.
Using search engines during research of internet communities ensures that there is a traceability of sources.
True
False
When is consent required in research using internet?
When there is an expectation of privacy
When there is no expectation of privacy
All the time, there is no exception ever
When the information used is private
When is it necessary to get permission and approval from research ethics committees?
For humans
For animals
For human, but not for animals
For both animal and human
The idea that simpler explanations should be preferred over more complex explanations describes which concept?
parsimony
precision
testability
reliability
What statement below best describe the definition of safeguards in research?
People making sure research is not biased
Steps, methods and people in place to ensure the integrity of research papers
Journal publishing research
Individual within a community that gives consent
What forms of safeguards can be taken?
Replication
Peer-reviewing
Watchdogs
Publication
True or false.
A single or more conforming findings can prove a theory correct.
True
False
True or false.
Finding either support a theory or not.
True
False
What is required to have more confidence in a theory?
Literature reviews
Data
Parsimony
None of the amove
True or False.
Single disconfirming finding lead to theory rejections.
(a)
What is the second step of the scientific method?
Observation
Formulating a general hypothesis
Formulating a theory
Formulating a research hypothesis
Which of the following best describe an hypothesis?
Formulates an answer
Formulates a tentative answer
Propose relationship between variables
Must be tested andevaluated
all of the above
What is the 3rd step of the scientific method?
Formulating a general hypothesis
Formulating a research hypothesis
Collecting and analyzing data
Evaluating research hypothesis
Deductive reasoning is part of which step of the scientific method?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
What is the 4th step of the scientific method?
Collecting but not analyzing data
Collecting and analyzing data
Formulating a general hypothesis
Evaluating research hypothesis
Refine, refute hypothesis based on observation is part of which step of the scientific method?
3rd, Evaluating the research hypothesis
3rd, Formulating the research hypothesis
5th, Observation
5th, Evaluating research hypothesis
Formulating an hypothesis based on a theory is part of _______ reasoning.
Scientific
Inductive
Deductive
Parsimony
